http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Team Identification Reduces Social Loafing and Promotes Social Laboring in Cycling
( Rune Høigaard ),( Filip Boen ),( Bert De Cuyper ),( Derek M Peters ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2013 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.25 No.1
The purpose was to examine if heightened team identification reduced social loafing and promoted social laboring in 1 and 3 minute cycling time-trials with participants alone and then in either salient or non-salient teams. Salient teams were created using 30 minutes of team building activities prior to their team time trials. Social loafing occurred in both team trials in the non-salient teams (P < .05). In the salient teams, social loafing was eliminated in the 1 minute team trial and social laboring was apparent in the 3 minute team trial (P < .05). Heightened team identification therefore reduced social loafing and significantly enhanced team performance.
Mental toughness in elite and sub-elite female soccer players
( Line Danielsen ),( Stein Rodahl ),( Rune Giske ),( Rune Høigaard ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2017 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.29 No.1
Mental toughness (MT) is seen as an important psychological factor in the athletic success of elite athletes. Research on the subject has usually concerned male athletes. Our purpose was to investigate whether there are differences in mental toughness between female players who compete in an elite league and those who play at lower levels. In total, 298 female soccer players (M = 20.7 years, SD = 3.7 years) from three levels of Norwegian soccer responded to the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire. The MT Constancy subscale was removed from analysis due to an unacceptable Cronbach alpha (0.57). The results revealed that elite league players had significantly higher MT Global scores than those in lower leagues. The elite players had higher scores than the third league players on the MT Confidence subscale. For MT Control, the elite league players had a significantly higher score than the second league players, but the elite players did not differ significantly from the third league players on this subscale. These results partially confirm a relationship between mental toughness and playing level among female soccer players.