Analyses of Operational Risk Measurement Models: Comparative Analysis for Chinese Commercial Banks

( Ruan Qi ),( Kuk-hyun Choe ) 한국생산성학회 2016 生産性論集 Vol.30 No.4

China has opened its financial market in 1990s. Since then banks have faced increasingly fierce competition. Banks of China have faced complex operational risks and suffered huge losses. Many studies have tried to solve out the causes of these embedded risks. However most previous studies have examined market risks, credit risks, and the types of liquidity. Most of them have focused on the management of banking risks. By combining with the regulation status of the operational risks of China`s commercial banks, we first analyze various methods mentioned in the prior studies. Additionally, we analyzed the operational risks, per se, of commercial banks of China. We find the relatively feasible way to prevent the operational risks. By making contrasts with alternative models of operational risks, we choose the basic indicator approach and the income-based models to test operational risks of commercial banks of China. For five commercial banks of China, income-based model appears to be able to cut the costs of operational risks. In terms of controlling the costs of operational risks, it is the income-based model that seems to outperform than the alternative. Also another aspect to be considered is Chinese commercial banks` capabilities of controlling operational risks. Our regression analyses provides that income based model is at least the best alternative for measuring operational risk in state. Further, the income-based model has its significance in the aspect that the operational risks have greater impact on net income of commercial banks than those of joint-stock banks of China.

Resource Allocation and Distributed Uplink Offloading Mechanism in Fog Environment

Ruan, Linna,Liu, Zhoubin,Qiu, Xuesong,Wang, Zixiang,Guo, Shaoyong,Qi, Feng The Korean Institute of Communications and Informa 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.3

Applying fog computing technology to the shared pattern has two problems to cope with. One is to formulate a rational mechanism for resource allocation, and the other is to design computation offloading strategy of tasks based on resource allocation result. For solving these problems, we construct a three-layer F-RAN architecture first, which consists of terminal layer, access layer and network layer. Second, we adopt differential game and bipartite graph multiple matching algorithm to solve bandwidth resource allocation problem of fog node (FN)-access point (AP) and AP-shared terminal (ST), respectively. Third, Lyapunov theory and proposed deviation update decision algorithm (DUDA) are used to solve computation offloading decision-making and offloading update order-making. At last, simulation results show that our strategy can save 30%-60% system consumption, and the resource demand satisfaction rate can be guaranteed to reach 80% or more.

Application of O-RADS US combined with MV-Flow to diagnose ovarian-adnexal tumors

Linlin Ruan,Hui Liu,Hong Xiang,Yongkang Ni,Yuling Feng,Huili Zhou,Mengtong Qi 대한초음파의학회 2024 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.43 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the application of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound (O-RADS US) combined with MV-Flow (Samsung Medison Co., Ltd.) to diagnose ovarian-adnexal masses.Methods: A total of 112 ovarian-adnexal masses (81 benign and 31 malignant) from 105 consecutive patients were analyzed. The O-RADS US and vascular index from MV-Flow (VI^MV) were measured and compared with the reference standard. O-RADS US and MV-Flow were tested for consistency.Results: Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn for O-RADS US, MV-Flow, and their combination. The combined methods had the largest area under the curve (0.955), followed by O-RADS US (0.929) and MV-Flow (0.923). A mass was considered malignant when the O-RADS US classification was 5 and VI^MV was ≥7.15. With this definition, MV-Flow had the highest sensitivity (87.10%), with consistent findings for the combined diagnostic methods and O-RADS US (83.87%). The specificity of the combined diagnostic methods (93.83%) was higher than that of MV-Flow (91.36%). O-RADS US had the lowest specificity (90.12%). The combined diagnostic methods had the highest coincidence rate (91.07%), and MV-Flow (90.18%) had a significantly higher coincidence rate than O-RADS US (88.39%). Both O-RADS US and MV-Flow showed good consistency among different physicians (former kappa, 0.974; latter intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.986). MV-Flow had a high consistency for the same physician (ICC, 1).Conclusion: O-RADS US and MV-Flow exhibited good diagnostic efficacy, and their combined diagnostic efficacy was higher than that of each individually. O-RADS US and MV-Flow can improve the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian-adnexal masses. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the application of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound (O-RADS US) combined with MV-Flow (Samsung Medison Co., Ltd.) to diagnose ovarian-adnexal masses. Methods: A total of 112 ovarian-adnexal masses (81 benign and 31 malignant) from 105 consecutive patients were analyzed. The O-RADS US and vascular index from MV-Flow (VIMV) were measured and compared with the reference standard. O-RADS US and MV-Flow were tested for consistency. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn for O-RADS US, MV-Flow, and their combination. The combined methods had the largest area under the curve (0.955), followed by O-RADS US (0.929) and MV-Flow (0.923). A mass was considered malignant when the O-RADS US classification was 5 and VIMV was ≥7.15. With this definition, MV-Flow had the highest sensitivity (87.10%), with consistent findings for the combined diagnostic methods and O-RADS US (83.87%). The specificity of the combined diagnostic methods (93.83%) was higher than that of MV-Flow (91.36%). O-RADS US had the lowest specificity (90.12%). The combined diagnostic methods had the highest coincidence rate (91.07%), and MV-Flow (90.18%) had a significantly higher coincidence rate than O-RADS US (88.39%). Both O-RADS US and MV-Flow showed good consistency among different physicians (former kappa, 0.974; latter intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.986). MV-Flow had a high consistency for the same physician (ICC, 1). Conclusion: O-RADS US and MV-Flow exhibited good diagnostic efficacy, and their combined diagnostic efficacy was higher than that of each individually. O-RADS US and MV-Flow can improve the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian-adnexal masses.

Resource Allocation and Distributed Uplink Offloading Mechanism in Fog Environment

Linna Ruan,Zhoubin Liu,Xuesong Qiu,Zixiang Wang,Shaoyong Guo,Feng Qi 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.3

Applying fog computing technology to the shared patternhas two problems to cope with. One is to formulate a rational mechanismfor resource allocation, and the other is to design computationoffloading strategy of tasks based on resource allocation result. For solving these problems, we construct a three-layer F-RAN architecturefirst, which consists of terminal layer, access layer andnetwork layer. Second, we adopt differential game and bipartitegraph multiple matching algorithm to solve bandwidth resource allocationproblemof fog node (FN)-access point (AP) and AP-sharedterminal (ST), respectively. Third, Lyapunov theory and proposeddeviation update decision algorithm (DUDA) are used to solve computationoffloading decision-making and offloading update ordermaking. At last, simulation results show that our strategy can save30%-60% system consumption, and the resource demand satisfactionrate can be guaranteed to reach 80% or more.

Metabolism of dl-Praeruptorin A in Rat Liver Microsomes using HPLC-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Hang Ruan,Xuan Zhu,Zhen Zhang,Xin-fang Liang,Yan Fu,Mei-qin Su,Qi-lin Liu,Xiu-min Wang 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.8

dl-Praeruptorin A (Pd-Ia) is the major active constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. Recently it has been identified as a novel agent in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, we investigated the metabolism of Pd-Ia in rat liver microsomes. The involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and CYP isoforms were identified using a CYP-specific inhibitor (SKF-525A), CYP-selective inhibitors (α-naphthoflavone, metyrapone, fluvastatin, quinidine, disulfiram, ketoconazole and ticlopidine) and CYP-selective inducers (phenobarbital, dexamethasone and β-naphthoflavone). Residual concentrations of the substrate and metabolites were determined by HPLC, and further identified by their mass spectra and chromatographic behavior. These experiments showed that CYP450 is involved in Pd-Ia metabolism, and that the major CYP isoform responsible is CYP3A1/2, which acts in a concentration-dependent manner. Four Pd-Ia metabolites (M1, M2, M3, and M4) were detected after incubation with rat liver microsomes. Hydroxylation was the primary metabolic pathway of Pd-Ia, and possible chemical structures of the metabolites were identified. Further research is now needed to link the metabolism of Pd-Ia to its drug-drug interactions.

NMR Relaxometry of Water in Set Yogurt During Fermentation

Chulkyoon Mok,Jinning Qi,Paul Chen,Roger Ruan 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.5

The mobility of water in set yogurt during fermentation was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The spin-spin relaxation was analyzed using a 2-fraction model, resulting in 2 spin-spin relaxation time constants T₂₁ and T₂₂. Both T₂₁ and T₂₂ exhibited rapid changes between 2 and 4 hr of fermentation, coinciding with the drop in pH and the rise in lactic acid bacteria count. The spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ increased over the fermentation period. Both T₁ and T₂ showed an increase in the mobility of water upon gel formation during fermentation. Water redistribution within the gel matrix due to casein aggregation and structure forming may be responsible for the changes in mobility.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE TORUISM: The MEASURING OF DESTINATION ATTRIBUTES ASSOICATED WITH EXPERIENCES, CULTURAL MEMORIES AND CONTATS

Yong-Quan Li,Chih-Hsing Liu,Wen-Qi Ruan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Cultural tourism has always been recognized as the heart of the new tourism trend, and Chinese culture has received increasing attention worldwide. Cultural tourism to China delivers the values of traditional Chinese culture and provides a satisfying authentic experience for tourists. Experience is an emotional reflection of tourists’ true feelings and evaluations during the tourism process and encompasses more than the delivery of a physical product or service. Experience involves creating unique memories of destinations and is inimitable of the individual sensitivity for special events. While these creative experiences have received increasing attention from marketing scholars and various industry practitioners in general product domains, the creative experience factors of tourism systems remain unexplored. Furthermore, although the matter of experience affects tourists’ behaviors and attitudes, little is known regarding how Chinese culture affects tourists’ creative experiences, destination attachments and memories. The effects of cultural contacts and creative experiences on destination attachment and roles of satisfaction and attitudes should be considered with respect to the development of cultural and creative tourism. This study proposes cultural contact as an important enabler of destination attachment. Moreover, we examine both how and when culture contacts enhance tourists’ destination attachments by considering two critical attributes as mediators, including creative experience (i.e., Escape and Recognition, Unique Involvement, Interactivity, Peace of Mind and Learning) and cultural memories. We also considered two elements of tourists’ behaviors (satisfaction and attitude) as important contingencies. We test and integrate our concepts of a moderated mediation framework using the cultural and creative tourism from a sample of 651 tourists. We discuss how our empirical results extend Chinese culture, creative experience, and destination attachment research and provide the study’s theoretical and managerial implications.

First Principles Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of Pentagonal and Hexagonal Noble Metal Nanowires

Zhijian Fu,Li-Jun Jia,JIHONG XIA,Hai-Bo Ruan,Ke Tang,Yong Pu,Zhao-Yi Zeng,Dian-Yong Tang,Bo Kong,Qi-Feng Chen 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.6

The equilibrium structure and electronic properties of four ultrathin free-standing pentagonal and hexagonal noble metal nanowires, that is, copper nanowires (CuNWs), silver nanowires (AgNWs), gold nanowires (AuNWs) and platinum nanowires (PtNWs), have been studied comprehensively by adopting a first-principles simulation based on the density-functional theory. The staggered topologies are more stable than the eclipsed ones by analyzing the bonding energy. The staggered ones with a linear atom chain in the center of the pentagonal or hexagons topologies are the preferred structures for CuNWs and AgNWs, but the staggered ones without a linear atom chain in the center of the pentagon or hexagon are the preferred structures for AuNWs and PtNWs due to the increasing core–core repulsions. The calculated electronic band structures and density of states present that all the noble metal nanowires are metallic. The projected densities of states (PDOS) of dominant d-states and the charge density show that the narrower d-state moved to the Fermi energy and metallic bonding character for all the noble metal nanowires.

Direct ethanol production from dextran industrial waste water by Zymomonas mobilis

Ming-xiong He,Han Qin,Xiao-bo Yin,Zhi-yong Ruan,Fu-rong Tan,Bo Wu,Zong-xia Shui,Li-chun Dai,Qi-chun Hu 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.11

The direct production of ethanol from dextran industrial waste water was investigated by using Zymomonasmobilis via batch and semi-continuous fermentation mode. In batch fermentation, pretreated waste water (unsterilizedand sterilized), pH value (3.8 and 6.0), and Mg2+(with and without) was compared with OD600, sugar and ethanol con-centration. After 24 h fermentation, sugar in the dextran waste water was almost exhausted, and the amount of ethanolaccumulated reached 24.33-29.92 g/l, which is nearly 99% of the theoretical yield of ethanol. Kinetic parameters ofZ. mobilis in batch fermentation were also investigated. The raw dextran waste water was also used in semi-continuousfermentation. After 48 h fermentation, the production of ethanol was 28.65 g/l. These results indicated that dextranwaste water may be used as a candidate substrate and Z. mobilis could convert the raw material into ethanol directly.

Metabolic Regulation of Gene Expression by Histone Lysine β-Hydroxybutyrylation

Xie, Zhongyu,Zhang, Di,Chung, Dongjun,Tang, Zhanyun,Huang, He,Dai, Lunzhi,Qi, Shankang,Li, Jingya,Colak, Gozde,Chen, Yue,Xia, Chunmei,Peng, Chao,Ruan, Haibin,Kirkey, Matt,Wang, Danli,Jensen, Lindy M. Elsevier 2016 Molecular cell Vol.62 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Here we report the identification and verification of a β-hydroxybutyrate-derived protein modification, lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb), as a new type of histone mark. Histone Kbhb marks are dramatically induced in response to elevated β-hydroxybutyrate levels in cultured cells and in livers from mice subjected to prolonged fasting or streptozotocin-induced diabetic ketoacidosis. In total, we identified 44 histone Kbhb sites, a figure comparable to the known number of histone acetylation sites. By ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis, we demonstrate that histone Kbhb is a mark enriched in active gene promoters and that the increased H3K9bhb levels that occur during starvation are associated with genes upregulated in starvation-responsive metabolic pathways. Histone β-hydroxybutyrylation thus represents a new epigenetic regulatory mark that couples metabolism to gene expression, offering a new avenue to study chromatin regulation and diverse functions of β-hydroxybutyrate in the context of important human pathophysiological states, including diabetes, epilepsy, and neoplasia.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is a new type of histone mark </LI> <LI> 44 non-redundant histone Kbhb sites are identified in human and mouse cells </LI> <LI> Histone Kbhb increases under starvation and STZ-induced ketoacidosis </LI> <LI> Starvation-induced H3K9bhb is associated with active gene expression </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>