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우평균 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 1997 국제지역연구 Vol.7 No.4
본 연구를 통해 러시아 극동지역에 대한 투자환경과 일본의 투자현황을 살펴보고 일본이 지역경제통합에 관여하고 기여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하려 한다. 소연방 붕괴 이후 일본은 러시아 극동지역에 대항 총괄적인 정책이 부재한 가운데 민간 기업들이 일부 진출해왔지만 1998년 8월 러시아의 모라토리움 선언 이후 그 나마의 대러 투자도 활성화 되지 못하고 있다. 이에 대한 향후의 방안은 현 상태의 기조를 유지하는 것이고 다른 하나는 일본 정부 차원에서 대대적으로 나서서 경제 투자와 지원을 단행하는 것이다. 이에 대해 러시아는 물론이고, 많은 일본 내외의 전문가들은 정부 차원의 지원을 주장하고 있으나, 그렇게 될지라도 그 결실이 일본의 결정에만 의지하는 것은 결코 아니라는 것을 현실은 보여주고 있다. 즉, 러시아의 정치적· 경제적 안정성, 루불화의 태환성, 사회가반시설과 법률 시스템의 구축, 공무원의 자질 개선, 범죄적 요소의 제거와 같은 다양한 요건들이 구비되는 등, 러시아 측에서의 일정한 조건의 성숙없이는 그 실행이 어려울 것이다. This paper analyses the investment environment in Russian Far East(RFE) and Japanese actual investment, and suggests methods for involving and contributing foreconomic integration in the region of RFE. After the collapse of the Soviet Ufion, someJapanese companies tried to success in market of RFE, although Japanese governmentdidn't prepare any grand programmes for investment in RFE. The main areas in whichJapanese companies participating are wood processing, car repair, fishing, communications,and hotels. However the investment environment in the RFE is not good compared toother regions of the Russian federation. Infrastrcture maintenance is well below that inEuropean Russia. And with a small population, the retail market is small. The region'sJapanese-Russian joint ventures are rather old and small in general. The reasons thatmany are no longer operating include:(1)various promised incentives for joint ventureswere abolished, (2)systemic changes resulted in a sharp increase in the tax burden; (3)for fshing joint ventures, securing fishing quotas became very diffcult; (4)some of theJapanese-Russian joint ventures got into trouble in the RFE, and usually the jointventures were taken over by the Russian partners; and (5) in many cases, when theinitial investment was done, all the facilities were set up, and the Russian side wouldbetray its partners. Unfortunately territorial administrations could not help the Japaneseside. Since 1997 there has been only one major Japanese investment in the Russian FarEast outside of oil-rich Sakhalin. To sum-up, the increase of Japanese investment with theJapanese government's active involvement, especially Russia's efforts to reform investment environment in RFE is needed for the future, and they include instability of the political social, and economic situation, lack of macroeconomic stability, lack of industrial infrastructure, discrimination against foreign capital, instability of laws and legislation, and a complicated and very demanding taxation system.
The Russian Hybrid War in the Ukraine Crisis: Some Characteristics and Implications
( Pyung Kyun Woo ) 한국국방연구원 2015 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.27 No.3
This paper examines some characteristics of the Russian hybrid war in the Ukraine crisis since 2014, and then explores its implications. The hybrid approach is designed to generate “plausible deniability,” allowing Putin maximal tactical flexibility while avoiding responsibility. Russia`s hybrid warfare can be traced with some devices: propaganda (including cyber attack), tactics, the militants, and weapons. The meaning of the Russian hybrid war in Ukraine is focused on the three points. Firstly, Russia`s new approach, “hybrid war” cannot be considered independent of a long professional experience of Putin`s KGB operations before becoming a politician. Secondly, hybrid type warfare in Ukraine is not the first time for Russia. Putin previously applied his new kind of war almost unnoticed to the small and remote Georgia and Transnistria, but it cannot go without being understood when applied on a scale as large and visible as Ukraine. Thirdly, Russia`s actions in Ukraine have exploded the notion that expansive communications technologies and economic interdependence were fostering a kind of grand bargain. The Ukraine crisis suggests that world history after the Cold War is at an inflection point. In a world of hybrid warfare or non-linear conflict, we need to find new forms of deterrence.
Korean MNCs` Business Network in China and Governance Structure
( Pyung Kyun Woo ) 한국세계지역학회 2007 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.25 No.2
In this paper, the trends of the Korean MNCs`(Multinational Corporations) cross-border business networking in China is examined. With this, it is discussed its relevance to regional governance drawing up the MNCs and Korean and Chinese government. Korean MNCs are growing faster than other country`s ones despite their later-mover position. Rather than the government`s intervention, their own decisions for multinationalization and policy making due to the goals of their global management is firstly considered. Actually, it is appeared that more vital factor for measuring the Korean MNCs` entry and success in China is the changes in recently in the Chinese government`s policies on foreign investment. Finally, it is pointed that the enlargement of capital inflows through MNCs` investment in Northeast Asia is doubtless a true, but it is not automatically guaranteed the strengthening of the Northeast Asian community building and of economic integration of the region. For the regional integration in Northeast Asia, the competitiveness of each government in the region will be ranged in an equal row with the massive support from the people in each country.