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강종만,김종성,김희수,염명걸 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4
Correlation between Respiratory Rates and the Degree of Bradycardia in Strabismus Surgery in Children Jong-Man Kang, M.D., Hee-Soo Kim, M.D., Chong0Sung Kim, M.D. and Myung-Kul Yum, M.D.^* Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, and ^*Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Background: Strabismus surgery is frequent in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Traction on the extra-ocular muscles can trigger an oculocardiac rdflex. We investigated the correlation between respiratoy rates and the degree of bradycardia to find another management for preventing oculocardiac reflex. Methods: NO premedications were administered. They were induced with thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with O_@-enflurane-N_2O. The tidal volume was 10 ml/kg. Respiratory rate of group 1 (n = 18) was fixed at 24 bpm, group 2 (n = 18) at 20 bpm, and group 3 (n = 19) at 16 bpm. We measured the mean heart rate from intubation to the beginning of surgery and defined this as the basal heart rate. We defined the lowest heart rate after traction of the extraocular muscles as the minimal heart rate. We calculated the correlation coefficient between the respiratory rate and basal heart rate, minimal heart rate, the change of heart rates and E_tCO_2. Results: There was a positive correlation between the respiratory rate and the basal heart rate, and minimal heart rate. There was no correlation between the respiratory rate and the change of heart rate. There was no difference in E_tCo_2 among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Can be increased both basal heart rate in anesthetized patients and minimal heart rate induced by oculocardiac reflex by making the respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant difference of E_tCO_2. The oculocardiac reflex may be reduced by making respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant influence on minute ventilation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 450~454)
리조트소속 에이전트가 현장에서 경험하는 직무만족과 불만족 요인 및 대안 탐색
강명구(Kang, Myung-Goo),송희경(Song Hee-Kyung) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.4
This study is to examine influence factors belonging resort agent on job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the field experience with analyzing in depth in order to provide alternatives and the basis for a university, sports agencies, resorts and ministries responsible for training of agents. To accomplish the purpose of the study, 89 agents belonging to resorts in Gangwon Province. are subjected to questionnaire with open questionnaire as a phenomenological method. To support of the open questionnaire results, in-depth interviews were conducted by selection of 5 representative agents. To examine job satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors with open questionnaire, questionnaire from the study of Kang, Myung-Goo(2013), Lee, Jung yeon(2003) and Byun, Jae-Woo, Kim Woo-Sung(2014) is used after revising to fit for the study. Data collection was conducted from 1st December 2015 to 31st of January 2016 with open questionnaire and in-depth interviews in order. Data analysis was implemented as area analysis and classification analysis and the results are as follows. First, for job satisfaction factors of agent belonging to the resort, 5 sub-categories of the work achievement, aptitude for work, business creativity, flexibility of work and interpersonal relationships with 17 concepts are extracted. Second, for job dissatisfaction factors of agent belonging to the resort, 5 sub-categories of inefficiencies, conflict, competition, environmental sensitivity and shift pattern of working with 14 concepts are extracted. Third, for the alternative of job dissatisfaction for agent belonging to the resort, 3 sub-categories of supports on social environment, variety of promotions and improvement in conditions with 8 concepts are extracted.
최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1
This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.
간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구
서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1
As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions
가상교육운영시스템에서 요구되는 학습자 지원 기능의 중요도 조사
강명희,이혜경 한국교육정보미디어학회 1999 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.5 No.2
효과적인 가상교육이 이루어지려면 학습자, 교수자, 운영자를 원활히 지원해 주는 가상교육운영시스템이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 이 중 학습자 지원 기능에만 초점을 맞추어 가상교육에서 중요하게 지원하여야할 학습자 지원 기능과 학습자의 소속과 네트웍 경험에 따라 달리 지원하여야 할 기능을 조사하였다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 세가지로 설정하였다. 첫째, 가상교육운영시스템의 학습자 지원 기능들 중 학습자가 중요하다고 인식하는 기능에는 어떠한 것인가? 둘째, 학습자의 소속(대학, 기업)에 따라 학습자 지원 기능에 대한 중요도 인식에는 차이가 있는가? 셋째, 학습자의 네트웍 학습 경험에 따라 학습자 지원 기능에 대한 중요도 인식에는 차이가 있는가? 가상교육에 참여한 경험이 있는 231명의 학습자를 대상으로 설문조사를 한 결과 효과적 가상교육을 위해 우선적으로 지원되어야할 40 가지의 학습자 지원 기능이 규명되었고, 중요도 인식은 학습자의 소속이나 네트웍 경험에 따라 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The 21st century has been predicted to new paradigm different from the 20st century and has developed. That is, as our society changed to an information society from an agrarian society and industrial society, it caused shifts in all social systems such as family, business and education. Of the social systems, the educational system has pointed to open education, learner-centered education, acquisition of ability to be adapted for an information society and learning environments to utlize new technology. Especially, learner-centered virtual education through new technology is the strongest means for paradigm shifts of education. In the learner-centered virtual education, the learner's role is to participate in learning activities positively such as searching for useful information from ill-structured information sources and communicating with other learners voluntarily. For maximizing these learner's roles, the virtual education system is necessary to support the learner's activities. That is, the virtual education system should offer an environment to meet learning material easily and use methods for interaction between the teacher and peer-learner. In Korea recently, the virtual university which is a plan for improving the virtual education system has been legally confirmed. The discussion and development about virtual education system is necessary to maximize learner's activity. The following questions will be addressed: 1. What are the important learner support functions of the virtual education system? 2. Is there a difference between the learner's and the company employee 'ㄴ perception about learner support functions of the virtual education system? 3. Is there a difference between learners experienced network learning once and learners experienced network learning more than twice importance perception about learner support function of virtual education system? To examine these questions, 231 learners experienced in network learning more than once at least were selected. And the 231 learners responded to the questionnaire to rate the importance of each learner support function. Outlined below is the procedure that was followed in conducting this study. First, after making the questionnaire based on the learner support function investigated by the researcher, learners responded to the questionnaire. Second, to examine the importance of the learner support functions, statistical methods such as descriptive statistics and two independent samples t-test were used. The findings of the research are follows : 1. What are the important learner support functions on the virtual education system? of the 78 learner support functions, 40 functions were perceived to be critical functions by learners. And in the 6 areas, learning reference area recorded the highest mean score (M=3.94, SD=.9). 2. Is there a difference between a learner's and a company employee's importance perception about learner support function of the virtual education system? Of the 40 learner support functions perceived to be critical, there is a significant difference in the 27 functions such as introduction function for understanding the subject's structure and outline(t = -2.571, p<.05), self-test function to offer the result immediately(t = -2.451, p<.05), bulletin boards function to announce new homework and tests(t = 5.786, p<.05), discussion function(t = 6.217, p<.05), E-mail function connect the peer-learner, teacher and administrator(t = 4.869, p<.05), modification function of learner's information(name, ID, introduction, etc.) (t = 6.504, p<.05), etc. 3. Is there a difference between the learners one experience with network learning and learners experience with network learning more than twice importance perception about learner support function of virtual education system? Of the 40 learner support functions perceived to be critical, there is a significant difference is 6 functions such as connecting function between schedule calendar and learning contents(t = 2.732, p<.05), function of submitting report based on file(t = 3.042, p<.05), search function for discussion contents(t = -2.572, p<.05), E-mail function to be connected between learner and administrator individually(t = 2.174, p<.05), modification function of password(t = 2.740, p<.05), set up function whether open learner's information or not(t = 2.033, p<.05). From the above results, this study proposes the following : First, according to social position, the learner support function has to be partial in embodying the virtual education system. Second, the learner support function considered the degree of the learner's network learning experience has to be applied to developing and managing the virtual education system. Third, Follow-up research should identify support functions for teacher and administrator.
관상동맥질환 환자에서 스텐트 시술 후 재협착에 관한 연구
강진환,권영주,박상호,한대희,이상철,김명구,변정득,최병조,심규혁,온영근,현민수,김성구 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2
Background and aims : In the coronary artery disease, a rate of restenosis was much decreased by placement of coronary stent than when percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has been applied, but there are still important clinical problems of restenosis. There has been many progressive studies about various factors contributed to this restenosis. So, we studied a relation between restenosis after placement of coronary stent in the coronary artery disease and many clinical factors, characteristics of stenotic lesion and procedural factors, and also assessed the restenosis rate of various coronary stents. Methods : Total 58 lesions(46 cases of patients ; man 30, woman 16) were evaluated, which has been performed a follow-up coronary angiography after 6 months (mean 188 days) since coronary stent had been placed. Various stents were implanted and assessed a relation between restenosis and many factors. Results : Of 58 lesions were target stenotic studies, there were 22 of restenotic lesions(37.9%), and the restenosis rate wes statistically significant difference in the relation with diabetes mellitus(p<0.05), group of acute myocardial infarction(p<0.05) among clinical diagnosis of ischemic heart disease(stable angina, unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction) in clinical factors and with high dilation pressure of stent(p<0.05) in procedural factors. When the rate of restenosis was evaluated among implanted stents, it was lowest in the Multilink^(®) stent and highest in the Nir Royal^(®) stent(60%). Conclusion : In this study of restenosis and various factors after placement of stents in the coronary artety disease, factors such as diabetes mellitus, group of acute myocardial infarction and a dilation pressure of stent were significant related with restenosis and the restenosis rate of Multilink^(®) stent was lowest and the highest restenosis rate was of Nir Royal^(®) stent.
Surface Rolling 時 作業條件이 表面粗度에 미치는 硏究
강명순,김희남,전영식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1984 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-
The surface rolling method which is one of the plastic deformation processes makes good surface roughness with reduction of diameter and increase of hardness. In this study, three NACHI 6000 ZZ bearing were used for surface rolling tool on a mild steel and high carbon steel. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of rolling on surface roughness, however the auther also observed the reduction of workpiece diameter and hardness increase of the surface. By this study the following results have been obtained with the mild steel and high carbon steel. 1. The surface roughness is affected by the factors such as elements of rolling speed, feed, and the applied force. 2. The surface roughness increased when rolling speed increased and when rolling speed is 12 m/min and feed is constant (0.36 mm/rev) the finest surface roughness has been produced for mild steel and high carbon steel. 3. When the rolling speed is fixed (12m/min from item 2), the slower the feed the better roughness has been obtained. When feed was 0.261 m/min the roughness was (0.18μRa∼0.22μRa) for mild steel and for high carbon steel when the rolling speed was 5m/min and feed was 0.36 mm/rev, the roughness of 0.39μRa∼0.42μRa has been obtained. 4. The finest surface roughness has been obtain when the applied rolling force is 0.5 Kg/mm and 0.56㎏/mm for mild steel and high carbon steel respectively.
고등학교 지구과학에 있어서 비디오를 이용한 수업방식의 학습효과 : 태양계 단원을 중심으로 Especially on the Solar System Chapter
姜用熙,兪明濬 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1990 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-
In this study, we make a comparative analysis between the results of the instruction using the video tape recorder(VTR) as an instructional aid and the conventional lecture for the chapter of the solar system in the highschool earth science textbook. We have prepared 14 qustions to investigate the effects of each teaching method. The test was performed to two groups ; 102 high school students who learned the basic concepts concerning the solar system and 101 students who did not learn the concepts. It turned out that regardless of the previous learning, the mean achievement score of students who learned the concept by the VTR lecture is higher then that of students who learned by conventional lecture at a level of significance of 0.05. This means that the VTR instruction is more effective than the conventional lecture for the chapter of the solar system of the high school earth science textbook.