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김성일,이성한,김명화,김기형,김상겸,유경석 고려대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1992 스포츠科學論叢 Vol.2 No.1
In general, the segment of human body moves(rotates) about its joint center by the elastic energy stored at the connecting element, such as, tendon, induced by muscle contraction. Various biomechanical methods have been conducted in the quest for finding the muscle contraction force and its moment at the joint, which can not be measured, directly. The muscle force and moment can be found utilizing inverse dynamics. In this study, the Lagrange energy method was employed applying kinetic and potential energy changes at the center of mass of the model segment during swing phase in normal gait pattern. A mathematical model needed to analyze this phase was developed, theoretically. The physical model was composed of the right shank and the right foot considering as a rigid body segment hinged at the knee joint. Two dimensional analysis using cinematography was used. The raw data was smoothed by the Butterworth digital filter(Winter, 1979). A computer program was developed in order to calculate forces at the joint by coding three Lagrange equations for each independent generalized coordinates. It was found that the smooth contact of the leading foot at the end of the swing phase was made for both subjects. The result confirmed that the Lagrange equation incoperation with the physical model be systematically sound for this kind of study. The extension of the study will be to include more segments into the physical model, so as to improve the proposed approach.
( Myoung Sug Kim ),( Lyu Jin Jun ),( Soon Bum Shin ),( Myoung Ae Park ),( Sung Hee Jung ),( Kwang Il Kim ),( Kyung Ho Moon ),( Hyun Do Jeong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.12
The full-length genes gyrB (2,415 bp), parC (2,277 bp), and parE (1,896 bp) in Edwardsiella tarda were cloned by PCR with degenerate primers based on the sequence of the respective quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR), followed by elongation of 5` and 3` ends using cassette ligation-mediated PCR (CLMP). Analysis of the cloned genes revealed open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of 804 (GyrB), 758 (ParC), and 631 (ParE) amino acids with conserved gyrase/topoisomerase features and motifs important for enzymatic function. The ORFs were preceded by putative promoters, ribosome binding sites, and inverted repeats with the potential to form cruciform structures for binding of DNA-binding proteins. When comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of E. tarda GyrB, ParC, and ParE with those of the corresponding proteins in other bacteria, they were found to be most closely related to Escherichia coil GyrB (87.6% identity), Klebsiella pneumoniae ParC (78.8% identity), and Salmonella Typhimurium ParE (89.5% identity), respectively. The two topoisomerase genes, parC and parE, were found to be contiguous on the E. tarda chromosome. All 18 quinolone-resistant isolates obtained from Korea thus far did not contain subunit alternations apart from a substitution in GyrA (Ser8→Arg). However, an alteration in the QRDR of ParC (Ser84→Ile) following an amino acid substitution in GyrA (Asp87→Gly) was detected in E. tarda mutants selected in vitro at 8 μg/ml ciprofloxacin (CIP). A mutant with a GyrB (Ser464→Leu) and GyrA (Asp87→Gly) substitution did not show a significant increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CIP. None of the in vitro mutants exhibited mutations in parE. Thus, gyrA and parC should be considered to be the primary and secondary targets, respectively, of quinolones in E. tarda.
( Myoung Sug Kim ),( Sung Hee Jung ),( Su Hee Hong ),( Hyun Do Jeong ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.4
Biotyping of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from marine environments along the south coast of Korea showed that the majority of the isolates (94.7%) belonged to biotype 1 and the remaining isolates (5.3%) belonged to biotype 2. Analysis of 16S rRNA V. vulnificus strains isolated from marine environments using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that 78.7% were type A and 21.3% were type B. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genomic differences in V. vulnificus among the biotype 2 strains isolated from marine environments (newly isolated strains group) and reference strains obtained from infected eels (reference strains group). The two groups had distinctly different profiles of the amplicons produced from RAPD. Additionally, biochemical comparison of these strains revealed that all four strains isolated from marine environments differed from the strains isolated from eels in their ability to promote D-mannitol fermentation. Two (NH 1 and NH 2) out of four isolates of biotype 2 from marine environments showed pathogenicity in eels Anguilla japonica in a challenge test. These isolates did not agglutinate with antisera against V. vulnificus NCIMB 2137 (serovar E), ATCC 27562 (non-serovar E), and ATCC 33816 (atypical serovar E).
Kim, Myoung Sug,Jung, Sung Hee,Hong, Suhee,Jeong, Hyun Do The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.4
Biotyping of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from marine environments along the south coast of Korea showed that the majority of the isolates (94.7%) belonged to biotype 1 and the remaining isolates (5.3%) belonged to biotype 2. Analysis of 16S rRNA V. vulnificus strains isolated from marine environments using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that 78.7% were type A and 21.3% were type B. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genomic differences in V. vulnificus among the biotype 2 strains isolated from marine environments (newly isolated strains group) and reference strains obtained from infected eels (reference strains group). The two groups had distinctly different profiles of the amplicons produced from RAPD. Additionally, biochemical comparison of these strains revealed that all four strains isolated from marine environments differed from the strains isolated from eels in their ability to promote D-mannitol fermentation. Two (NH 1 and NH 2) out of four isolates of biotype 2 from marine environments showed pathogenicity in eels Anguilla japonica in a challenge test. These isolates did not agglutinate with antisera against V. vulnificus NCIMB 2137 (serovar E), ATCC 27562 (non-serovar E), and ATCC 33816 (atypical serovar E).