칼빈 없는 칼빈주의와 자본주의? : 개혁신앙에 근거한 사회-경제윤리

정미현 연세대학교 신과대학 2009 신학논단 Vol.55 No.-

The Presbyterian Church of Korea, which accounts for about 70% of all Korean Protestant churches, has deep roots in the Swiss Reformation as defined by Ulrich Zwingli in Zurich and John Calvin in Geneva. The year 2009 represents the 500th anniversary of the birth of Calvin, who lived much of his life exiled from his native France, and who didn't want people to know where his grave would be located. He didn't seek glory, for glory belongs only to God. Soli Deo Gloria! Out of respect for that modest spirit, now is not the time to further praise him, but rather to remember the thrust of his theological work within the reformed tradition. Korean Presbyterianism has, however, also been strongly influenced by the American Puritanism and Fundamentalism of the 19th Century, so we need to distinguish between Calvin and Calvinism. To avoid misunderstanding his theology, it is important to deal with his writings first hand. In this article, the author focuses on Calvin's social ethic and, more particularly, the economic ethic in his historical context. Calvin focused on justice issues on behalf of the socially weak and marginalized. He allowed interest on investment, and challenged the medieval ethic of ignoring labour issues while privileging the contemplative life. He developed an attitude towards employment as a calling, and emphasized the value of grace through Jesus Christ, rather than through the accumulation of good deed and charity, or of any self-fulfilment through religious masochism. This article commemorates the economic and social justice issues of Calvin's theology, setting his Pneumatology and community orientation within the context of a global economic crises. In the Korean Presbyterian church we have already begun our new mission, and are working towards it together. This needs to be emphasized. Resistance against injustice in all its forms is a task both of church and theology, unified in God's Kingdom.

콘택트렌즈 보존 용기 유래 Acanthamoeba lugdunensis KA/L5주의 내공생세균

정동일,공현희,김태호,황미열,유학선,윤호철,설성용 경북대학교 의학연구소 1999 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.3 No.1

콘택트렌즈 보존 용기 유래 가시아메바 KA/L5주의 세포질 내에 존재하는 bacterial endosymbiont(내공생세균)를 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하여 확인하였다. 숙주인 가시아메바 KA/L5주는 형태학적으로 제2군에 속하였고, rDNA PCR-RFLP 결과 A. lugdunensis로 동정되었다. 미토콘드리아 DNA RFLP와 동위효소 분석상 이 충주는 국내 콘택트렌즈 보존용기에서 가장흔히 분리되는 type인 KA/Ll주, 국내 임상 분리주 중 하나인 KA/E2주, 내공생세균을 가지는 것으로 보고된 병원 냉각수 유래 KA/W4주 및 L3a주와 동일하거나 매우 유사한 성적을 보였다. 내공생세균은 약 1.38× 0.507㎛의 크기였고, 아메바 세포질 내에 불규칙하게 분포하고 있었으며. 그 표면에 아메바의 ribosome이 부착되어 있었다. 내공생세균을 둘러싼 lacunae나 막과 같은 구조는 관찰되지 않았다. Legionella 특이 primer를 이용한 효소중합반응(PCR)에서 내공생세균의 염색체 DNA는 증폭되지 않았다. A. lugdunensis의 우리말 이름을 담수가시아메바로 제안한다. Transmission electron microscopy of an Acanthamieba isolate (KA/L5) from a contact lens case revealed bacterial endosymbionts within cytoplasm of the amoebae, The Acanthamoeba isolate belonged to the morphological group II. Based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length Polymorphism (RFLP) of 18S ribosomal RNA coding DNA (rDNA), the Isolate was identified as A. lugdunensis. Strain typing by isoenzyme analysis using isoelectric focusing (IEF) and mitochondrial (Mt) DNA RFLP revealed that the isolate was closely related with KA/Ll , the most predominant type of isolates from contact lens storage cases, KA/E2, a clinical isolate, KA/W4, preciously reported to host endosymbionts, and L3a strains of A. lugdunensis. The endosymbionts were similar to those of KA/W4 In aspects that they were randomly distributed in both trophozoites and cysts, and were rod-shaped bacteria measuring approximately 1.38x 0.50㎛. But the number of endosymbionts per amoeba was significantly lower than that of KA/W4. They were neither limited by phagosomal membranes nor included In lacunae- like structure.

Dimethyl-β-Cyclodextrin을 이용한 Omeprazole의 대체투여경로 개발

정미분,박승현,김하형,이광표 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1996 약학 논총 Vol.10 No.-

For the purpose of increaing the stability and bioavailability of omeprazole(OME), inclusion complexes of OME with demethyl-β-cycoldextrin(DMβCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HPβCD) were prepared by freeze drying method. The interactions of OME with DMβCD and HPβCD in aqueous solutions and in solid states were investigated by solubility study. IR spectroscopy and DSC. The type of OME-DMβCD inclusion complex was found to be classified as Bs-type on phase solubility diagram, and the stoichiometric ratio of OME-DMβCD incousion complex was a 1:2 and stability constant was 359.46M^-1. The OME-HPβCD inclusion complex appeare to be AL type. The stoichiometric ratio was found to be 1:1, and stability constant was 34M^-1. Clear differences in a IR spectra and DSC curves were observed between the inclusion complex formation at pH 6.8. The mean dissolution time(MDT). which represents the degree of the rapidity of dissolution rate, was increased in the order of OME-DMβCD I.C(0.60) < OME-HPβCD I.C.(0.71) < OME-DMβCD P.M.(7.23) < OME-HPβCD P.M.(10.06). In order to compare simultaneously the intrinsic absorptivity of OME in the jejunum and nasal cavity of rats, the in situ nasal and jejunal perfusion method was employed as a new trial. The in situ recirculation study revealed that OME-CDs inclusion complexes rate proportionally increased the absorption of OME in nasal cavity(N) and the jejunum(J) of rats. The decreasing order of apparent OME permeability(Papp:cm/sec×10-5), corrected for surface area of absorption was as follows : 8.77±0.18(N, OME-DMβCD). > 5.97±0.17(N. OME-HPβCD) > 4.84±0.02(J. OME-DMβCD). 3.50±0.25(J. OME-HPβCD) at IPB pH 7.4. The present results suggest that OME-DMβCD inclusion complex may serve as a potential means for the nasal delivery of OME.

염산 Tetracycline으로 처리된 치근면에 대한 섬유아세포의 부착효과

정보미,정현주 전남대학교 치과대학 1989 전남치대논문집 Vol.1 No.2

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of root conditioning with tetracycline-HCI on the fibroblast attachment. Periodontally diseased teeth were extracted, root planed and cut into dentin slabs. As control group, only root planed dentin slabs and citric acid treated dentin slabs were included and as experimental group, slabs were treated with tetracycline-HCI 50㎎/㎖ and 100㎎/㎖, respectively. After sterilization with UV radiation, human gingival fibroblasts were seeded in each culture well containing prepared dentin slabs and incubated for ½, 1, 2, 4, and 7days at 37℃. At each time, number of attached fibroblasts was measured by chamber counting method. The results were as follows : 1. In 100㎎/㎖ tetracycline-HCI treated group, fibroblast attachment was enhanced compared to only root planed group after 2days' incubation and compared to other 3 groups after 7days' incubation. In 50㎎/㎖ tetracycline-HCI treated group, after 4days' incubation, fibroblast attachment was significantly enhanced compared to only root planed group. 2. Fibroblast attachment, after 7days' incubation in only root planed group and after 4days' incubation in other 3 groups, was more than before in each group. 3. As a whole, fibroblast attachment and growth was enhanced in chemically treated slabs compared to only root planed slabs : in descending order of tetracyline-HCI 100㎎/㎖ treated group, tetracycline-HCI 50㎎/㎖ treated group, and citric acid treated group. This result suggests the topical application of tetracycline-HCI on root surface in periodontal therapy could contribute to connective tissue new attachment.

클로르헥시딘과 테트라사이클린의 치주낭 세척 효과

이미정,정현주 전남대학교 치과대학 1992 전남치대논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine and tetracycline on the effect of scaling and root planing in periodontal treatment. Fifty six sites, 5㎜ or greater in probing depth from selected patients, were divided into 4 groups : Group Ⅰ - chlorhexidine(0.1%) irrigation after scaling and root planing ; Group Ⅱ - tetracycline(0.5%) irrigation after scaling and root planing ; Group Ⅲ - saline irrigation after scaling and root planing and Group Ⅳ - scaling and root planing alone. Following thorough scaling and root planing irrigation was done and repeated every other day during two weeks for group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Clinical and microbiological monitorings were done immediately before scaling and root planing and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after scaling and root planing. Clinically, plaque index(Silness and Lo¨e), gingival crevicular fluid amount, probing depth, sulcus bleeding index(Mu¨hlemann and Son) and attachment level were recorded. Microbiologically, trypsin-like enzyme activity of subgingival microflora was monitored using benzoyl-arginine naphthylamide test. The results were as follows: 1. Plaque index score and attachment level showed no significant difference among the 4 experimental groups and during all the experimental periods. 2. Gingival crevicular fluid amount and probing depth showed significant decrease in irrigated group (Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) from week 2, and in scaling and root planing only group (Group Ⅳ) from week 4. 3. Sulcus bleeding index score in each experimental group decreased significantly during all the experimental periods. 4. The trypsin-like enzyme activity in subgingival microflora in each experimental group decreased significantly during all the experimental periods. The results suggest that the subgingival irrigation in the presence of thorough scaling and root planing has beneficial effect to the reduction in gingival crevicular fluid flow and probing depth in early post-treatment period and the antimicrobial irrigation has no additive effect.

여름에 비정형 폐렴으로 발현한 쯔쯔가무시병 1예

박상돈,정문현,이혜명,김미경,강재승 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.4

Scrub typhus usually occurs in October and November in Korea. Its typical clinical manifestations are fever, rash, eschar, and lymphadenopathies. Pneumonitis may occur, however it occurs as a complication at the late phase of scrub typhus, when it is inappropriately treated. We encountered a case of pneumonitis that was an initial manifestation of scrub typhus which was confirmed by rickettsial culture, Positive seroconversion, and polymerase chain reaction. The case was a 16-year-old high school adolescent who presented with fever and headache that lasted for 1 day in July, 2007, He denied of any outdoor activities. A chest radiograph showed patchy infiltrates in the left lower lung, which improved with the administration of cefotaxime and azithromycin for empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Blood taken on the second febrile day showed a positive culture for Orientia tsutsugamushi and was also positive for O. tsutsugamushi DNA polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test for O. tsutsugamushi showed that the initial antibody was negative, but convalescent serum tested positive with an antibody titer of 1:80. IFA for Coxiella burnetii showed false positive results; the initial IgM and IgG liters were 1:128 and 1:256, respectively, and the IgM and IgG titers in convalescent serum were 1:128 and 1:128, respectively.

H9c2 심근 세포주에서 외인성 nitric oxide가 허혈에 의한 세포 독성에 미치는 영향

정성구,장현용,김명천,고영관,정주호,배영미,박원서,김대중,유영민,김성수,임성빈 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Nitric oxide(NO) is known to have protective effects on an ischemic heart and to exert triggering effects on ischemic preconditioning. However, the effects of NO during the ischemic period have not been investigated. To investigate the role of exogenous nitric oxide in a model of ischemic heart cell death, we studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemia in a normal and an ischemic buffer. Methods: Rat cardiac myoblast cells(H9c2) were cultured in a normal and an ischemic buffered medium. For the ischemic culture of heart cells, the cells were cultured in a dessicator with GasPak for 5 hrs. In ischemic preconditioning, the cells were pretreated with ischemic buffer for 5 min and then perfused with normal medium for 30 min. For the measurement of the cytotoxicity, a MTT(3-4-Sdimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. A DAPI(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining procedure and a flow cytometry analysis were performed to confirm apoptotic cell death by ischemia. Results: Cell viability, as determined by using a MTT assay, showed that the preconditioned group treated with NO showed more cell death than with the not-preconditioned groups in both normal and ischemic buffers. But, In normal medium and not-preconditioned groups, NO showed protective effect according to the concentrations(100,1000μM) . No treatment with NO produced the different results. In normal medium, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated, but no protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could be seen in the case of the ischemic buffer. The DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of heart cells showed characteristic apoptotic features. Conclusion: NO added in the ischemic phase had deterious effects on heart cells. Ischemic preconditioning was more harmful than ischemia alone. The toxicity of the cells was characteristic apoptosis.

중합효소연쇄반응으로 조사한 관절염 환자의 관절액에서 Tropheryma whipplei DNA 검출

김성연,정문현,최새로운,김은실,이진수,박원,김미경,강재승 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : Whipple병은 Tropheryma whipplei에 의한 전신적인 감염 질환으로 소장과 관절 침범이 특징이며, 흔히 병의 초기에는 수년 동안 다른 증상 없이 관절염 소견만 보이므로, 일부 환자는 염증성 관절염으로 진단받을 가능성이 있다. 또한 류마티스 관절염을 포함하여 여러 염증성 관절염에서는 아직 병인이 밝혀지지 않았지만 감염이 관련될 가능성은 꾸준히 언급이 되었다. 저자들은 국내에서도 T. whipplei가 존재할 것이라는 가정 하에 한국인에서 중합효소연쇄반응으로 T. whipplei DNA를 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 대상 환자군은 1997년부터 2002년 사이에 인하대병원 류마티스 내과에 관절 종창으로 내원한 환자들로, 류마티스 관절염 환자 33명, 골관절염 환자 18명, 기타 질환에서 관절 이상인 환자들로 5명이 포함되었다. 건강한 성인 8명의 타액과 22명의 위내시경을 받은 환자의 위액을 채취하여 검사하였다. 중합효소연쇄반응은 T. whipplei heat shock protein의 일부 유전자를 증폭할 수 있는 2개의 시동체를 사용하였다. 표준 균주를 얻기가 어려워 양성 대조군 없이 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하였다. 결과 : 관절염 환자의 관절액, 정상인의 타액, 위내시경을 받은 사람의 위액에서 모두 중합효소 연쇄반응으로 핵산을 증명할 수 없었다. 결론 : 양성대조군이 없어 검사 잘못일 가능성도 배제할 수 없으나, Whipple병이 염증성 관절염의 흔한 원인이 아니거나 관절의 직접 침범보다는 위장관 감염 후 생기는 면역 반응에 의한 반응성 관절염일 가능성이 있다. 관절액 이외의 검체에서 조사한다면 다른 결과를 얻을 수도 있으리라 생각하며 앞으로 이들에 대한 조사가 필요하다. Background : Whipple's disease is a chronic systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei which chiefly involves gastrointestinal tract and joints. Because arthritis is often the first sign of Whipple's disease, Whipple's disease may be misdiagnosed in the early stage of illness as non-infectious inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis may also be caused by infectious agents, including T. whipplei. To elucidate the relationship between T. whipplei infection and various arthritis, we examined T. whipplei DNA in Korean patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods : With two T. whipplei-specific primers dervied from the partial heat shock protein 65 gene sequence, PCR was performed on 56 joint fluid samples : 33 samples from RA patients, 18 samples from OA patients, and 5 samples from patients with other unflammatory arthritis. In addition, the same method was applied to find out the DNA of T. whipplei in 8 normal adults' saliva and 22 patients' gastric juice. Due to the difficulty in obtaining the reference strain of T. whipplei, the PCR was performed without the positive control. Results : The PCR method did not reveal T. whipplei in joint fluid from 56 patients with arthropathies, 8 samples from saliva, and 22 samples from gastric juice. Conclusion : Though technical errors can not be excluded as a cause of absence of a positive case, our results suggest that T. whipplei infection may not be a common cause of various arthritis in Korea; T. whipplei may be associated with inflammatory arthritis indirectly by immune-mediated mechanism rather than by direct joint invasion. The examination of specimens other than joint fluid could be helpful and the study of larger number of patient is highly desirable.

A Theology of the Web in the Age of Information

( Mee Hyun Chung ) 한국조직신학회 2005 KOREA JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY Vol.5 No.-

Functional analysis of a novel gene encoding DnaJ-like protein from soybean

Hyun-A So,Eunsook Chung,Kyoung-Mee Kim,Selvam Ayarpadikannan,Kenneth Ryan Schraufnagle,Kim Hyo Young,Jae-Sung Kwak,Hai Yang Yu,Jai-Heon Lee 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

We have isolated wound-inducible genes from soybean using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and were able to obtain the full-length clone of GmDjp1 gene encoding DnaJ-like protein. The full-length cDNA of GmDjp1 is 689 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 163 amino acid (aa). Genomic southern blot confirmed that soybean genome has two copies of GmDjp1 gene. Northern blot analysis showed that the RNA expression of GmDjp1 gene is specifically induced by heat, NaCl, wounding and drought stresses. It was demonstrated that GmDjp1-GFP was targeted to the nucleus in tobacco cell. GmDjp1 overexpression plants showed more susceptible to salt and heat stress compared to WT. RNA expression level of Hsp18.2 and Hsp25.3-P was lower than that of WT during recovery after heat hock in plants. This indicates that GmDjp1 may play a negative regulator to stress responses in plants.