Experience With VTS/AIS as A Systems Integrator

Tim Kinsella,Stephen Ladd,Lockheed Martin 한국항해항만학회 2000 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.6 No.-

Lockheed Martin has integrated and installed numerous AIS systems around the world as part of several VTS installation contracts and technology demonstrations for customers. Each of these systems incorporates specific customer requirements addressing differing objectives. This paper describes the capabilities and features of Lockheed Martin's current implementation of the Universal AIS system, and the experiences Lockheed Martin has had with earlier AIS and ADS (automated dependent surveillance) system installations. Specific examples are provided for an amphibious landing exercise with the US Army; installations at a Middle-East Oil port; technology demonstrations in New York Harbor, USA; river systems in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and coastal applications in the Gulf of Suez. The paper closes a brief overview of the most recent activity, the Turkish Straits VTMIS project that requires Universal AIS installations. The evolution of the technology and lessons learned will be discussed in the context of these examples. The perspective will be on Lockheed Martin's experience working with different customers to integrate AIS technology into a larger VTS or Port Information System. It will also discuss, from the practical side, how AIS information is used by a variety of maritime organizations with differing needs and information objectives.

The Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) and Philippine Governance: A comparison between the Arroyo and Aquino economic governance strategies by Edwin

( Martin ) 한국행정학회 2011 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2011 No.-

IDEOLOGY AND THE EXPRESSION OF BRANDS

Jens Martin Svendsen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

As the branding process is intertwined with already existing culturally conditioned conceptions, fundamental cultural processes in a society might affect the attraction of a specific brand. This means that trends of ethical or political fashions influence the popularity of brands and how they are recognized. In his seminal book Brand Society, Martin Kornberger argues that “brands have brought about a new way of living a life: the ubiquitous, pervasive yet little analyzed notion of lifestyle encapsulates brands’ power to quite literally stylize life”. He points to three influential elements—he calls them a troika—provides a basis for this analysis. These are Politics, Ethics and Aesthetics. (Kornberger, 2010) I will here propose a fourth, namely stories, tales, and that which lies behind these, modes of understanding, you might even want to call it a sentiment. I hope to show that such stories (sentiments) take on the form of ideas and thus can have profound political implications, if not to say that they have ideological origins and in this way far-reaching consequences, the effects on brands and the use of attire coupled to them just being one. This fourth element I prefer to call simply Sentiment, even though feeling would probably be just as appropriate or even Thought-trends. Ideology could be another possible term, but this is really an outcome rather than a good term in and of itself for what I intend to show. Yet another possibility would be to use the term Myth, then of course with reference to Barthes myth-concept. (Barthes, 1997) His concept has to do with self-descriptions, mainly focusing on national sentiments and self-understandings of what it might mean to be for instance French or British, Barthes exemplifies by referring to concrete manifestations such as the Eiffel Tower or Five o’clock tea, answers to questions like ’Who are we?’ or ‘How do people like us live?’. These are national myths based on some sort of ethnical factor, living-space if you will. This is however not what I’m focusing on, rather under-currents to thinking of another sort. So I’ll just stick with Sentiments for the time being To show this, I will take help of a specific case and in so doing focus on its position in the late 60-ties and early 70-ties. The case accordingly focuses on how the brand Fj?llr?ven has been acknowledged as having varying political, ethical and fashionable positioning over decades. The case is compared to another related brand within the outdoor equipment-slash-fashion industry, Hagl?fs. Possibly a lesser known brand and this have its explanations as will be seen. One aspect of this sentiment is stories; if the sentiment manifests itself as a kind of self-understanding in terms of self-stories, tales of oneself and of one’s history, then stories is a facet of the sentiment. The term stories might imply storytelling, a term lately frequently used to denote a marketing tool within something in practical marketing coined content marketing. By this one might mean marketing that is not primarily targeted at conveying a simple message pertaining to a customer need or want, rather at building trustworthiness in an attempt to relate to customers sense of belonging or search for ideas and suggestions—the helpful company with a legitimate history and position in society. Storytelling has been the subject of many books, both textbooks and consultancy literature, Brown, (2004), Mossberg & Nissen Johansen (2006), Thier (2006), to name but a few. Content marketing is not that novel an idea as Pulizzi (2012) contends, it has been around for for hundreds of years. His exampel is John Deere and the compay’s strive to educate its customers in how to use equipment. Another example would be Jell-O and their recipies in the early 20th century. Another aspect of storytelling might be the so called corporate narrative, this phenomenon has been analyzed by many, Barbara Czarniawska (1997, 2005, 2009) to name but one. She even makes an interesting connection between corporate storytelling and novels, as well as referring storytelling to leadership. In this sence stories and storytelling is not just marketing, it is also part of an organizations inner workings, as leadership and the (possibly co-) creation of a shared identity; it is stories of the self and stories that would contextualize and explain the position of the self, thus pertaining to sentimets, also of course to explain and rationalize the actions taken within the actual context that is described by these stories, hence they are can be seen as manifestations of a mental selfportrait. The idea of realization of actions motivated by and pertaining to stories and storytelling in organization and marketing has also been analyzed by Rehnberg (2014) from a linguistic viewpoint, using Fj?llr?ven as an exampel for the analysis. She of course has a much greater scope for her analysis than just actions, but it is one of her vital points. Stories in her sense can be of two kinds, Strategic stories and Common stories, the difference being that Strategic stories are stories that are created by a commercial actor. She talks of stories as chains of text, texts that are stories can be consecutively constructed, an obvious example being blogg texts. These texts develop a story, further Rehnberg points out that they in themselves are inscribed in stories: stories contextualize stories so to speak. These contextualizing stories she calls meta-stories, stories that remain weak in their explicitness, yet strong in their impact. Invisible in details yet most visible in society, both as self-understanding of what’s importante and as self-descriptions of the social, even models for explanations. One might come to think about Lyotard and his pivotal work La Condition Postmodern. Lyotards critizises the idea of mega-stories and talks about small, maybe even local, stories. (Lyotard, 1984) A Lyotardian mega-story is one that pertains to the whole society, in a sense claims to explain everything in society, a story that tells a bout developlemnt and societal focus and strive; it explains our moment in history and what we are as a society. Lyotard maintains that these stories more or less has outlived themselves. This is what he calls the postmodern condition. Knowledge then has to be construed in other terms than in something under the umbrellla of such a mega-story, somewhat holistic, i.e. understod in terms of a whole system rather than as disconected units or propositions. His critique can be said to be directed towards ideas that has come to be expressed by people such as the 19th century philosophers and pedagogue Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) and, the better known, John Dewey (1859-1952), and possibly also, at least in an idirect way, the italian philosopher Gianbatista Vico (1668-1744). But in the course of progression of this text, I hope it will be clear that the ideas of these three very influencial, or semi-influencial, philosophers, are not totally consistant with each other even though they share some similarities on some level. And of course, that at the point where they share simlarities, they also help to explain the case of Fj?llr?ven. The American pragmatist John Dewey is one of the heavily influential philosophers during the 19th and 20th centuries. He can be said to represent a very dominant strain of thought that has its roots in 18th century enlightenment. One early forerunner within the field of pedagogy is the now since long forgotten Herbert Spencer. The strain of thought these philosophers represent can be coined progressivist. The idea within this thought model is that improvement is possible through knowledge, a kind of optimism when it comes to society and human effort to improve its living conditions, and being in the world. But knowledge should and must be rooted in empirical observations. In this way, the study of scripture would not lead to knowledge, at least not of the world in which we live. A boy or a girl (depending if you follow Dewey or Spencer) reaches knowledge of the empirical world when confronted with it. The world poses the problems, and the boy or girl looks for solutions to these problems. The problems occur when ambitions to do things are limited in some way, the problem is to overcome these limitations, in this way the solutions have a two-pronged grounding: in part in the empirical, in part in the personal. It is driven by personally experienced limitations, and by empirical observations. The same is true of science, Dewey maintains, and in this way all knowledge-seeking activities. The ideal is the tailor, the cabinetmaker and the shoemaker: the craftsman, in short. Knowledge is within the world and about the world. The outcome of knowledge is better a living-in-the-world and a better life for the living people, thus knowledge is part of the improvement of life for human beings, for society as a whole, if you will. This progressivist mentality is linked to society and everything in it and thus to brands that accordingly resonates the progressivist sentiments and hopes so that the brand of Fj?llr?ven can be said to be an example of progression in this progressivist tradition. I’ll come back to this later, and show how this is possible. I have earlier mentioned Giambattista Vico (1664-1744), an Italian philosopher and educator. Contrary to Dewey and Spencer, he describes the development of society in terms of stories resonating in society. Now, one might say that this is just what the progressivist sentiment is, a story, a tale if you will, of progression and improvement. This sentiment has very much been the guide of political judgement (an apparent example is Swedish Government Official Reports, this manner of preparing decisions is not uncommon elsewhere either, as far as I know) and pedagogy, where students are urged to find out for themselves, ideas of individualized learning, problem based learning (PBL) and more. The idea at the core of these methodologies are in all cases that student’s lust for learning and problem solving is vital for learning. Problem solving and invention is hailed, whilst repetitious repeating of authoritative commandments is unsolicited; progression is also a questioning of authorities, sometimes anyway. So if the progressivist sentiment is a story told, or rather untold but communicated throughout society, it still drives action and strategic choices, and it still is what it is not supposed to be. It is in effect a Lyotardian mega-story, and also a Rehnbergian. Gianbatista Vico argues that a society develops its understanding of itself and its mentality in terms of story about itself in three phases, the divine, the heroic and the human. The three phases are characterized by three different approaches to knowledge and truth. The first rather primitive phase, Divine, is characterized by an equation of empirical phenomenon with divine phenomenon. Comprehension is driven by Poetry, Phantasy and Metaphysics, and so builds the basis for construing the world. The metaphor is characterizing this stage, in that the world is described in divine terms that they themselves represent rather than present, it is what it is not. The second phase according to Vico is the Heroic. It is described as idealization, institutions are feudal, the central figure of speech is the metonym that one stands for all, the king for the county. Society will be embodied by class difference. The third stage Vico calls the Human phase. Irony and rationalism are characterizing factors, democracy and general laws, too. The phases can appear a trifle optimistic if they are seen as consecutive, which is what I think Vico suggests. The important idea that I want to hold on to here is not the phases progressiveness taken as a whole, rather what they contain by themselves. Vico's thesis is that truth exists as a consequence of forms of understanding, in the text, in the sentiments condensed into stories and understandings resonating within society. This idea I want to use to explain why the progressivist sentiments can be said to resonate by and with a brand as a token re-presentative re-verbarating, i.e. re-stating, the story resonating in a society: a story or rational knowledge-seeking in order to enhance welfare and ease endeavors, solve problems we encounter and make life a smoother and more efficient ride. With reference to Umberto Eco, Martin Kornberger points out that an author seldom, if ever, has any control over the interpretations of their work. This idea has also been put forward by Paul Ricoeur. This means that the talk, the communicated ideas, the re-verberation if you will, has a greater impact on the meaning of a work than the work itself, the work itself being one of the factors influencing the meaning creating process but not the only. The meaning creating process thus becomes an ever ongoing socially contingent process rather than a stable, once and for all, established fact. Transferred to the field of brands, as Kornberger does, the idea is that brands resonate in society, and they resonate ideas that people have, individuals and collectives. Marcel Danesi voices a similar idea when he affirms that advertising that is in some sense or another successful always resonates with something outside of the brand meaning itself. (Danesi, 2008) An intertextual connection to societal factors. If this is true, then brands resonate not just in an individual sense with individual co-creators, but also in a collective sense with ideas rather than individuals, individuals being the carriers, vehicles if you will, of meaning that co-create meaning but the long term intertextual factors needs to be taken into account. If this is so, then Fj?llr?ven would be a case in point and, further, intertextuality does not need to be communicated explicitly, it is still present, like progressivism is present and thus would influence the meaning construct of a brand, and consequently its sense of significance, value, for want of a better word. The progressivist sentiment becomes an actor in itself that is involved in the co-authoring of brand meaning. Let me now turn to Fj?llr?ven. Fj?llr?ven first saw daylight in 1960. It was commenced by ?ke Nordin as a cellar company sewing outdoor equipment of his own design, selling it locally. In less than ten years he had built a company that produced all sorts of equipment, although his original product were rucksacks. These rucksacks had for the time a novel design in the sense that this design was first offered in a commercial situation by Fj?llr?ven. ?ke Nordin had built his own carrying-frames and sewn his own sacks to go with the frame himself. The design with frames that one can lash one’s carrying-load onto was of course not new, what was new was Fj?llr?ven’s applications and commercialization of the concept. At the time another outdoor-equipment supplier was very well established on the Swedish market, Hagl?fs. In 1914 the entrepreneur Wiktor Hagl?f started the self-named business. He began his business in a very similar way to ?ke Nordin, by selling rucksack of his own make, primarily to local farmers and loggers. The Hagl?f business grew as his rucksacks were perceived as modern and would meet high demands on quality in the wear and tear of the logger’s and farmer’s hard work. The rucksacks of the Hagl?f make were even chosen by the Swedish army and used well into the 70-ties. The Hagl?f rucksacks were robust and heavy. One voiced from the time—early 70-ties—stated that if you wanted a rucksack to last forever, then you should choose a Hagl?fs. But if you wanted something sleek, slender and light-weight, then Fj?llr?ven would be the preferred the choice. The thing that is voiced here is significant in more than one way, I think. First, a quality argument is not always sustainable. Second, what is perceived as ‘the best’ is not always obvious. Third, success breeds success in a very specific fashion. What is put forward is the choice between a quality condition and something else, what this something else is, is not exactly clear, more of a feeling than something apparent and markedly substantial in a tangible respect. Except maybe for the weight-factor, which can be interpreted in quite another direction, light-weight meaning fragile, even delicate. In fact, the voice hinted in that direction by supplementing the assessment by saying that if one would venture to drop the Hagl?fs rucksack from way up high onto a hard surface it would sustain the fall and still be in a usable state. It was thus maintained that that would not be the case with a rucksack of a Fj?llr?ven make. So one might think that any rational ourdoorer (hiker or backpacker) would pick the rucksack with the most likelihood to sustain harsh conditions as the Swedish army in those days did, but that is not so, not in all cases anyway, since the Fj?llr?ven rucksack with its concept of a frame onto which the actual sacks were fastened. The concept was, at least for some, obviously more important than durability. But another explanation is possible to, as I see it, and that explanation has to do with fashion: it was more fashionable for some people to carry your things in a Fj?llr?ven rucksack than in a Hagl?fs. If this is true then this fashionablity needs explaining, and it is precisely here that the tell-tale stories plays vital role. During the 19th and 20th centuries a strong undercurrent was the progressivist sentiment: progress, strive for discoveries, inventions, the future is the important age—past is bygones—political inventions to better society, social inventions to better life, inventions in the field of technology, interventions to improve individuals as well as collectives (“A future to believe in”, a phrase presently used by one of the contenders to the presidency of the United States of America, the leftist candidate). Fj?llr?ven presented such an invention that intervened in the life of backpackers as well as outdoorers, the hikers of the time. The invention was the fashionable, the progressive—the political if you will—that bettered life. This progressiveness was the social wave that Fj?llr?ven could surf on and it became the wave of success for Fj?llr?ven that the firm still seems to surf on. Hagl?fs was left behand, and possibly still is. The invention was not first and foremost a technological invention as an instance in the tale of progress; a social re-verberation to allude to the Danesian concept of synergy. Following Danesi, a valid story is a story that has the ability to attract sentiment, a story that will inscribe and make sense in terms of a synergetic effect. If the undercurrent is progressivism and that sentiment rationalizes Fj?llr?ven and their offering to users of rucksacks in terms of a story of progression, then that would account for the position Fj?llr?ven got, and, at least to a degree, still retain.

Effects of Imperfect Sinusoidal Input Currents on the Performance of a Boost PFC Pre-Regulator

Martin K. H. Cheung,Martin H. L. Chow,Y. M. Lai,K. H. Loo 전력전자학회 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.5

This paper investigates the effects of applying different input current waveshapes on the performance of a continuous-conduction-mode (CCM) power-factor-correction (PFC) boost pre-regulator. It is found that the output voltage ripple of the pre-regulator can be reduced if the input current is modified to include controlled amount of higher order harmonics. This finding allows us to balance the performance of output regulation and the harmonic current emission when coming to the design of the pre-regulator. An experimental PFC boost pre-regulator prototype is constructed to verify the analysis and show the benefit of the pre-regulator operating with input current containing higher order harmonics.

Martin Buber : Between Man and Man, 1959

Martin Buber 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 1960 신학연구 Vol.6 No.-

A Spectacle of Maps: Cartographic Hopes and Anxieties in the Pamirs

Martin Saxer 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.21

Over the past 150 years, a great number of cartographic anxieties and hopes have shaped lives and relations in the Pamirs. The Great Game over imperial spheres of influence was followed by Soviet and Chinese anxieties regarding territorial integrity and the loyalty of their borderland populations; since the end of the Cold War, settling the remaining demarcated borders has become a primary concern in Central Asia; meanwhile, mining companies are anxious to claim territories for mineral extraction, and the maps of national parks and nature reserves aim at mitigating ecological anxieties and claim spaces for conservation. The result is a veritable spectacle of maps. Following Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge (2007), this article argues that maps are “ontogenetic” rather than representational—they foster realities on the ground. Map-making projects derived from cartographic anxieties are embedded in particular visions of the future, and thus they can serve as a vantage point from which to explore the changing modes of outside engagement in the Pamirs.

A LINEAR APPROACH TO LIE TRIPLE AUTOMORPHISMS OF H*-ALGEBRAS

Martin, A. J. Calderon,Gonzalez, C. Martin Korean Mathematical Society 2011 대한수학회지 Vol.48 No.1

By developing a linear algebra program involving many different structures associated to a three-graded H*-algebra, it is shown that if L is a Lie triple automorphism of an infinite-dimensional topologically simple associative H*-algebra A, then L is either an automorphism, an anti-automorphism, the negative of an automorphism or the negative of an anti-automorphism. If A is finite-dimensional, then there exists an automorphism, an anti-automorphism, the negative of an automorphism or the negative of an anti-automorphism F : A $\rightarrow$ A such that $\delta$:= F - L is a linear map from A onto its center sending commutators to zero. We also describe L in the case of having A zero annihilator.

Martin Reldstein s Analysis of the US and Global Economy

Martin Feldstein 세계경제연구원 2018 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.18 No.22

Epidural Hematoma, a Rare Complication After the Use of Mayfield Clamp: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Martin Plevko,Vaclav Vybihal,Marek Sova,Pavel Fadrus,Martin Smrcka 대한신경손상학회 2023 Korean Journal of Neurotrauma Vol.19 No.4

Herein, we describe a case of epidural hematoma associated with the use of a Mayfield head clamp. An 18-year old patient with an upper brainstem tumour causing obstructive hydrocephalus underwent a routine third ventriculostomy, which unexpectedly revealed an intracranial hemorrhage. We outline potential risk factors, propose an algorithm for preventing complications associated with the use of pin-type fixation, and conducted a structured review of the literature to identify similar clinical scenarios.

Fluidités dans l’art et dans l’architecture

Martin FISCHBACH 한국프랑스문화학회 2010 프랑스문화연구 Vol.20 No.-

예술과 건축에서의 유동성 Martin FISCHBACH 고대적이면서도 현대적인, 동서양에 걸쳐 보편적인 유동성이란 개념은 우리에게 이동성, 액체 상태나 수증기 상태, 그리고 기체 등을 생각하게 한다. 1. 우리는 지식의 중복성을 통해 이 개념을 확인할 수 있고, 일상생활에 서는 전기의 흐름을 통해 이 유동성을 경험하며, 물리학에서는 이 유 동성을 수학적으로 계산해낸다. 2. 대표적 유동적 물질인 물은 끊임없이 이동하고 때론 위험할 수도 있 지만, 증발, 물에 잠그기, 초보 잠수와 같은 예술적 경험에 사용된다. 3. 이 유동성은 동양철학에도 편재해 있다. 중국 전통회화에 잘 나타나 있는 이 유동성의 개념은 음양의 상호작용, 공백의 어우러짐과 흩어 짐, 우주적 불태우기와 바람, 주어진 여유로서의 빈 공간 등을 표현 한다. 4. 현대 건축에서 이 개념은 한계의 모호성, 공간의 연속성, 현상의 전 연성(展延性), 전자 환경의 변화, 도면의 유연성, 재료의 가벼움, 매 달려 있는 것, 비물질화에서 나타난다.