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최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1
This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.
김기흥 한국역사연구회 2004 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.54
King Onjo(溫祚), the founder of Baekje, built a new country near Han river moving southward with his tribe Buyeo(扶餘) around BC 18. He made a temple for his father Dongmyong(東明), who was a king of Jolbonbuyeo(later called Koguryo), and worshipped him as a national god. This was to mean that he became an heir of his father king through worship of Dongmyong who had been considered as a son of heavenly god. Baekje was utterly defeated in struggles with Koguryo and consequently losing its capital Hanseong(now Seoul) moved its center to Woongjin in AD 475. In and after this transfer of capital it seemed awkward to worship Dongmyong as a national god since he had no more influences on Baekje people than before the defeats in the struggles with Koguryo where he was respected as a national god as well. Thus the trend of worshipping Dongmyong by the dominant tribe Buyeo declined in Baekje. Instead, the Chinese gods, Haotianshangdi(昊天上帝) and Wodi(五帝), were worshipped. And the Buddhism became much more popular among the people, so the kings considered themeselves as Jeonryunsungwang(轉輪聖王). The gods in three mountains in the new capital Sabi and five great mountains in the whole country were added to the list of the national gods. With this worship of various gods Baekje strengthened its political and religious power to rule all the local sects of Mahan(馬韓) tribes. In this period the new aristocracy of Mahan tribe participated in the politics along with the traditional ruling class Buyeo tribe. So it was needed that the general opinion of the Mahan tribe was represented in any way. King Moo(600-641) prepared to move its capital to Iksan, which had been and was a major center of Mahan and Baekje. But even through all these efforts Baekje falled with the failure of the coalition of Buyeo and Mahan tribes in the changing Northeast Asian politics.
김동순,김기홍,전흥용,나승용,최용문,임명순 한국농업정보과학회 2000 농업정보과학 Vol.2 No.1
A diagnosis program of damage-symptom caused by fruit tree pest was developed using Portable Document Format (Docucom PDF). To construct program structure, the damage patterns of plants cased by pests and the morphological rhararteristics of pests were sorted by plant organs. Diagnoses are rallied out by selecting a host species > document symptoms arranged by plant organs > comparing similar symptoms of pests using step by step menu through damage symptoms. In addition, pest information can be accessed either through the scientific or common name of the pest organism.
김기원,손흥규,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 1992 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.19 No.2
Fusion of teeth is a morphological anomaly that is often observed along with missing or supernumerary teeth, and it causes many problems in periodontal, restorative, andesthetic aspects. The incidence of fusion is less than 1 % ; it occurs most often between a incisor and a canine, and no prevalence exists between maxilla and mandible. The exact etiology factor of fusion is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors seem to be related. Differential diagnosis of gemination and fusion is accomplished by the number of roots and/or canals, but when a supernumerary tooth is involved, the differential diagnosis becomes more complicated. In the show-case, the patient expressed chief complaints of abnormal morphology and cross bite caused by a fusion between maxillary left lateral incisor and supernumerary tooth ; the supernumerary tooth was surgically removed and apexification was performed for the lateral incisor that showed irrevesible pulpitis. During the surgical extraction, the least amount possible of buccal bone should be removed, and pulp treatment for the exposed pulp should be performed as soon as possible. The most important determinant in successful surgical treatment is location of fusion ; the treatment time can be delayed until the root formation is completed and until pulp chamber size has decreased to lessen possibility of pulp exposure. In the show-case, however, the labially erupted supernumerary tooth caused mastiatory and esthetic problems, and thus the treatment was performed immediately.
기계적 삭제방법을 이용한 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도 및 미세누출
김지연,이제호,박기태,김성오,최병재,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.1
교합면 치아우식 예방을 위한 치면열구전색제 도포시 열구내 유기물, 치태, 법랑질 잔사 등을 제거하여 전색제의 유지율을 증가시키고자 기계적 삭제 방법이 소개되었다. 기계적 삭제방법을 사용할 경우 산부식 방법만을 사용하였을 때와 비교하여 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도 및 미세누출정도의 차이는 임상적인 측면에서 중요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 기계적 삭제방법(소와열구 삭제 후 산부식)과 산부식 방법을 시행한 후, 각각 unfilled sealant와 filled sealant를 처치하고 이들 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도와 미세누출 정도를 측정하였다. 교정치료를 목적으로 발거된 사람의 소구치 60개를 실험재료로 사용하였으며 그중 30개는 산부식 처리하고 나머지 30개는 소와열구의 기계적 삭제와 산부식 처리를 시행한 후 각각의 방법에서 15개는 unfilled sealant로 나머지 15개는 filled sealant로 수복하였다. Thermocycling(5℃와 55℃ 1200회)을 시행하고 5% methylene blue 용액에 24시간 보관하였다가 각각의 치아를 근심소와와 원심소와에서 협설 방향으로 절단하여 120개의 절단면을 얻었다. 각 절단면을 Measurescope으로 관찰한 결과, 기계적 삭제 방법은 산부식만을 시행한 경우에 비하여 unfilled sealant와 filled sealant 모두 열구 침투도를 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 기계적 삭제 방법을 사용한 경우 산부식 방법만을 사용하고 unfilled sealant로 수복한 경우에 비하여 미세누출이 적었고(P<0.05), 산부식 방법만을 사용하고 filled sealant로 수복한 경우와는 미세누출에 차이가 없었다. Unfilled sealant와 filled sealant는 기계적 삭제 방법을 사용한 경우와 산부식 방법만을 사용한 경우 모두 열구 침투도나 미세누출에 있어서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 치면열구전색제 도포 시 열구 침투도가 우수하고 미세누출이 적은 기계적 삭제 방법과 물리적 성질이 우수한 filled sealant의 사용이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 그러나 미세누출에 있어 교합력을 고려한 실험이나 장기간의 임상실험이 필요할 것이다. Mechanical preparation has been introduced to provide the sealant retention. The objective of this study was to compare the fissure penetration and the microleakage of pit and fissure sealant using mechanical preparation(mechanical preparation + acid etching) and acid etching only. An additional objective of this study was to compare the fissure penetration and the microleakage of unfilled and filled sealant in both methods. Sixty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were selected. Thirty teeth were acid etched alone and remaining thirty teeth were prepared with a ¼ round bur and then acid etched. One-half of teeth in each surface treatment method were sealed with unfilled sealant and the other half were sealed with filled sealant. All of the teeth were thermocycled for 1200 cycles at 5℃ and 55℃ and immersed in 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Each tooth was sectioned bucco-lingually at mesial pit and distal pit and examined under a Measurescope. In the case of mechanical preparation, fissure penetration of sealant was significantly increased compared with the case of acid etching only(P<0.05). The filled and unfilled sealant using mechanical preparation showed significantly decreased microleakage when compared with the unfilled sealant using acid etching only(P<0.05). No differences were found in fissure penetration and microleakage between unfilled and filled sealant in both methods. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that mechanical preparation and filled sealant are recommended when placing pit and fissure sealant. However, further clinical studies should be performed in regard to microleakage.
김흥기,송영렬 한국세무회계학회 2004 세무회계연구 Vol.14 No.-
본 연구의 목적은 투자자에게 공시된 연구개발비 지출액 관련 회계정보가 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 수행하기 위해 우리나라 상장기업들 중 화학, 전기전자, 기계, 그리고 의약품업종에 속하는 78개 기업을 표본으로 선정하여 가설검증을 실시하였으며, 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 당기의 연구개발비는 기업의 성과와 특별한 관계를 보여주지 못하였다. 하지만, 과거의 연구개발비 수준이 높을수록 주식투자수익률과 회계이익인 총자산순이익률이 높아지는 것으로 측정되었다. 따라서 당기의 연구개발비는 기업성과와 관계가 없다고 할 수 있으나 과거의 연구개발비는 그 규모가 클수록 기업성과가 높아진다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 연구개발비의 비재무적 자료인 연구소설립경과기간이 길수록 그리고 연구원의 수가 많을수록 주식투자수익률이 높아지는 것으로 측정되었다. 그리고 연구원의 수와 회계이익간에도 연구원의 수가 많을수록 회계이익이 상승한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 당기의 연구개발비와 당기의 기업성과간에는 특정한 관계가 발견되지 않았으나 과거의 연구개발비를 당기 기업의 매출이나 수익의 증대에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 판단된다.
단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고의 원인과 방사선학적 소견: 중례보고 및 가스분석 결과
박충기,김만구,김흥철,안범규,박만수,황우철,최철순,강익원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-
목 적:단무지 공장에서 질식사고를 일으켰던 가스의 종류를 알아내고, 이러한 가스중독의 방서선학적 소견을 소개하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고자 3예중 생존자 1예를 대상으로 단순흥부X-선검사와 CT 소견을 분석하였으며, 가스의 종류를 알아내기 위하여 단무지를 유리병에 넣어 발생된 가스를 가스크로마토그래픽을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식사고자중 생존한 1명의 방사선학적 검사에서 신속히 호전되는 폐경결(consolidation)을 볼 수 있었으며 이는 폐부종의 소견임을 알 수 있었다. 협기성 상태에서 단무지를 담은 유리병의 상층부 가스를 실험 분석한 결과 이산화탄소, 에칠알코올이 다량으로 검출되었으나 독성가스는 주로 황화수소이였다. 결 론:단무지 공장의 질식 사고자에서 폐방사선학적 소견은 폐경결을 보이는 폐부증으로서 이는 실험을 통해 단무지에서 발생되는 유독가스인 황화수소 때문임을 입증하였다. Purpose: To identify the main toxic gas released from salted radish in rice bran(Dan-M-Ji) and to introduce the radiological findings of the patient who was exposed to the gas. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of one survivor among three men who were exposed to the gas from Dan-Mu-Ji were reviewed. Gas obtained from the closed bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was analized by using the gas chromatography. Results: The radiographlc examinations of the survivor were suggestive of pulmonary edema with it's rapidly improving consolidations in both lung. The headapace gas within the bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was mainly composed with carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide, of which hydrogen sulfide was considered the main toxic gas released. Conclusion: Under the anaerobic condition, Dan-Mu-Ji released toxic hydrogen sulfide. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide might produce non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
독일의 건강장애학생을 위한 환아(患兒)학교의 교육 및 수업 운영체제에 관한 연구
김기홍 국립특수교육원 2005 특수교육연구 Vol.12 No.2
우리나라는 2005년 03월24일 특수교육과 관련한 장애 개념 및 장애범주의 확대라는 세계적인 추세에 발맞추어 특수교육진흥법 개정 법률의 공포를 통하여 건강장애학생의 학습권 보장을 위한 가장 기초적인 근거를 마련하게 되었다. 그러나 현재 우리나라의 병원학교와 관련하여 몇 가지 선행연구결과 및 현장 관찰을 바탕으로 볼 때에 건강장애학생의 교육 및 수업과 관련한 구체적인 관리 및 운영 규정이 아직은 매우 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 통하여 오랜 특수교육의 역사와 아울러 현재 많은 병원학교를 운영하고 있는 독일의 건강장애학생의 교육과 수업과 관련하여 그 운영체제를 살펴봄으로서 우리나라 건강장애아동 및 청소년들의 성공적인 학습권보장을 위한 법적 ? 제도적인 확립을 위한 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구결과 독일의 건강장애학생을 위한 환아학교는 이미 특수교육 제도권 내에서 특수학교로서 정체성을 지니고 있으며, 실제적으로 건강장애학생에 포함되어 교육적 서비스를 받고 있는 학생들의 범주도 매우 다양하다. 아울러 건강장애학생들의 수업형태도 다양하며 교사들의 구성도 다양하게 이루어져있다. 무엇보다도 환아학교와 병원 및 원적학교와의 협력관계가 법적으로 보장되어 있는 것을 알 수 있다. On 24th March, 2005, a revision has been made to the Act on the Promotion of Special Education Promotion Law for the Handicapped Students in Korea, redefining and enlarging the definitions for students with health impairments rights to an education. However, according to several researches performed and observations made on the practice of hospital school, there still remains a lot to be done. Education materials and administrative regulations for students with health impairments are still in great need for improvement. In this study, we will review Germany's education program for students with health impairments, and its administration. Germany has a long history of developing special education program and currently maintains a large number of hospital schools. This study will provide some basic compilation of facts that can be used to help establish, constitutionally and institutionally, a basis for an effective protection of educational rights for students with health impairments. The study reveals that the hospital schools in Germany are already being classified as a special school within the special education system. There are also a diverse range of students receiving the educational service as handicapped students. In addition, the faculty of professors and the manner in which the students with health impairments receive their classes are diverse. More importantly, the cooperation among the hospital school, hospital and the original school is legally bound.