地方自治實施와 住民參與의 活性化에 관한 硏究

南基憲 청주대학교 1987 한국사회과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

It is very importomt that implementation of local-autonomy is to respond to citizen's basic needs and make equitable national land development. Such a implementation of local self Gov't is to pursue efficiency, democratization, and specalization of public administration. In light of as mentioned above in this paper, this writer tries to reveal problems in the process of citizen's participation, and provide activation ways. The contents of this paper are as follows. Ⅰ) Impeding factors of participation. 1. Centralized administrative system, closed system and monopoly of information cause people's indifferrence toward public administration. 2. Public servant's authoritarian behavior and lack of responsility as a public servant, give rise to disharmony between people and Public Administration. 3. People's indifference toward participation impedes rational and active participation. 4. Lacks of participation channel and participation system, making and implementation of official-leaded Administrative planning narrow people's participation chances. Ⅱ) Activating ways of participation. 1. Implementation of local self-Government. 2. Securing people's participation at the whole procoss of Public Administration. 3. Making public all information which Gov't have, and sharing them with people. 4. Activating all Advisory commission and Pan Sang Whoi Pan meeting, 5. Changing people's behavior toward participation and public servant's way of thinking toward participation. When every problem as mentioned above are solved, activation. of citizen's participation as well as administrative system of the people, by the people, for the people will be rooted in our soil and then democracy will be bright.

교정용 선재의 직경 증가를 위한 전기도금법과 무전해도금법의 비교연구

김재남,이기헌,황현식,성영은 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate electroless plating as a method to increase diameter of an orthodontic wire through comparison with eletroplating. After pretreatment for plating to the stainless steel orthodontic wire of 0.016 inch. the electoless plating was done under the condition of 90'c until the diameter of the wire was increased to 0.018 inch using Hessonic-Gr® which was sold by Shin-Pung metal. On the process of electroless plating the diameter of wire was measured every 5 minute to examine the increasing ratio of the wire's diameter per time unit. And to examine the uniformity, the diameter of each 3 points of the electroless-plated orthodontic wire was measured. An X-ray diffraction test was performed to analyze the nature of the plated metal and physical property test was made. Through the comparison with electroplating, following results were obtained. 1. In stiffness. yield strength, and ultimate strength of electroless plating wire group showed higher tendency than those of electroplated wire group, and in stiffness and ultimate strength there was statistically significant difference between two groups. 2. In the electroless plating wire group. the increasing ratio of the diameter was 0.O0461±0.00003 mm/5min (0.O0092 mm/min). In the electroplated wire group, that was 0.O0821±0.O0015 mm/min. 3. The results of uniformity test to measure the diameter of each 3 points showed a tendency of uniformity in all the two plating method. The results of this study suggest that the electroless plating wire is more close to the ready-made wire than electroplating wire in terams of the physical property. On the other hand. the length of plating time should be solved for the clinical application of electroless plating.

교정용 선재의 직경 증가를 위한 전기도금법과 무전해도금법의 비교연구

김재남,조진형,성영은,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구는 교정용 선재의 직경을 증가시키기 위한 방법으로 무전해도금법의 이용 가능성 여부를 전기도금법과의 비교를 통해 알아보고자 시행되었다. 0.016 인치 스테인레스 스틸 교정용 선재에 도금을 위한 전처리를 시행한 후, 시중에 판매되는 무전해니켈도금액(Hessonic-Gr, 신풍금속, 한국)을 사용하여 90℃ 온도에서 0.018 인치 직경이 될 때까지 도금을 시행하였다. 무전해도금 과정 중 시간에 따른 직경증가율을 구하는 한편, 도금 후 세 지점의 직경을 계측하여 균일성을 평가하였다. 도금 금속의 정성분석을 위하여 X-선 회절분석을 시행하는 한편, 물성검사를 시행한 후 전기도금한 경우와 각각 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과 무전해도금한 군이 전기도금을 시행한 군보다 강성, 항복강도, 극한강도 모두 높은 경향을 보였으며 강성과 극한강도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 또한 무전해도금한 군의 직경증가율은 0.00461 ± 0.00003mm/5min (0.00092mm/min)로, 전기도금한 군의 직경증가율 0.00821 ± 0.00015mm/min와 차이를 보였다. 도금 후 세 지점의 직경을 계측하여 균일성을 평가한 결과, 두가지 도금법 모두에서 균일한 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 무전해도금법을 통해 직경이 증가된 선재가 전기도금법에 의해 직경이 증가된 선재보다 기존의 선재와 가까운 물성을 보임을 알 수 있었으며, 이의 임상적 적용을 위해서는 도금시간의 감소가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate electroless plating as a method of increasing the diameter of an orthodontic wire in comparison with eletroplating. After pretreatment plating of the 0.016 inch stainless steel orthodontic wire, electroless plating was performed at 90℃ until the diameter of the wire was increased to 0.018 inch. During the process of electroless plating, the diameter of the wire was measured every 5 minutes to examine the increasing ratio of the wire's diameter per time unit. And to examine the uniformity, the diameter at 3 points on the electroless-plated orthodontic wire was measured. An X-ray diffraction test for analyzing the nature of the plated metal and a 3-point bending test for analyzing the physical property were performed. The electroless-plated wire group showed a increased tendency for stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate strength than the electroplated wire group. And there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for stiffness and ultimate strength. In the electroless-plated wire group, the increasing ratio of the diameter was 0.00461 ± 0.00003 mm/5 min (0.00092 mm/min). In the electroplated wire group, ti was 0.00821 ± 0.00015 mm/min. The results of the uniformity test showed a tendency for uniformity in both the plating methods. The results of this study suggest that electroless plating of the wire is closer to the ready-made wire than electroplating wire in terms of the physical property. However, the length of plating time needs further consideration for the clinical application of electroless plating.

자가 면역성 간염에서 자가항체의 발현 양상과 스테로이드 치료의 효과

박기오,채경훈,허원석,강윤세,정재훈,김연수,문희석,이엄석,김선문,이병석,김남재,이헌영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

목적 : 최근 8년간 본원에서 경험한 자기면역성 간염의 혈액학적 특징과 스테로이드의 치료효과를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1996년 이후부터 2002년까지 충남대학교 병원에서 1999년 International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group(LAHG)에서 제시한 수정 진단 기준안에 의거하여 총 진단점수가 probable 이상에 해당하는 환자들을 대상으로 임상적 특징, 검사실 및 조직 소견과 스테로이드와 azathioprine의 치료 효과를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 9예의 환자들은 여성이 78%, 40대가 많았고, 급성 발병이 33.3%, 피로감, 식욕부진 및 황달 등이 나타났으며, 항핵항체가 55.6%에서 그리고 항평활근 항체가 77.8%에서 양성이었고, 동반 질환은 류마치스 관절염이 2예, 특발성 혈소판 감소증 1예, Henoch-Sch nlein 자반증 및 그레브스병이 각각 1예 씩이었다. 7예에 대해서 스테로이드와 azathioprine으로 치료하여 생화학적 임상적 완해가 이루어져서 유효한 치료 결과를 얻었다. 결론 : 자가면역성 간염은 우리 나라에서 원인을 찾을 수 없는 만성 간질환의 경우, 특히 중년여성에서 다른 자가면역성 질환이 동반되었을 때 자가면역성 간염을 의심하여 자가항체 선별검사를 시행해 보아야 할 것으로 생각된다. 향후 다기관 연구를 통하여 좀 더 많은 증례를 모으고 전향적인 연구를 시행하여야 할 필요가 있다. Although autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) is common in western contries, some studties have been reported in Korea. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical and histological features and expression pattern of the autoantibody and to examine clinical course of AIH in Korea. For 9 patients diagnosed as having AIH in our hospital since 1996, we reviewed medical records and analyzed clinical and laboratory findings retrospectively. They had a probable or definite AIH according to the revised criteria of International AIH group. The mean age was 42.7(21∼68)years and 7(77.8%) were female. Three of them(33.3%) showed acute hepatitis and five of them showed cirrhosis. Fatigue and anorexia were the most frequently complained symptoms(55.6%). Four patients(44.4%) were accompanied with other autoimmune diseases. Antinuclear antibody was detected in 5(55.6%) and anti-smooth muscle antibody was detected in 7(77.8%). Three patients showed focal picemeal necrosis and four showed periportal fibrosis. Among 7 patients who received immunosuppressive therapy, six patients(85.7%) showed initial response. and biochemical and serologic remission were achived in 5(71.4%) and 3(42.8%) patients, AIH seems to be partly responsible for chronic liver disease of unknown etiology in Korea. AIH should be suspected in female patients with unknown chronic liver disease of unknown etiolgy, especially accompanied with other autoimmune disease. The clinical characteristics of AIH may not be quite different from those of Western countries.

Joyce`s Body Politics in Ulysses

( Ki Heon Nam ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2013 제임스조이스저널 Vol.19 No.2

James Joyce, who once remarked, “Ulysses is an epic of . . . the body”, interrogates the valorization of soul over body by deploying discourses of physicality to a great degree throughout his works. By mapping out the interface of physical culture and militant nationalism, I will show how Joyce employs the representative figures-Eugen Sandow, the founder of physical training, and Michael Cusack, the founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association. Born and raised in the militant atmosphere of his native country, Prussia, Eugen Sandow emerged as the icon of masculine empowerment, and followed the imperialist imperatives for physical reinforcement by engaging himself in promoting physical culture and developing training programs. In Ulysses, Bloom buys Sandow`s exercises, his program book and a patent device, Sandow-Whiteley pulley exerciser in order to recuperate his virility. Sandow`s emergence as a strong man on the stage coincided with the demand for physical strength, in particular, on young men who were conscripted for the war that the British government waged in the South Africa. Sandow appeared on the stage, dressed in a military uniform, and promoted his physical training program in his own magazine. In “Cyclops,” which deals with Irish nationalist agendas, Joyce creates the Citizen, based on the real Cusack, the founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association. Although it is a complicate problem to identify some features of Cusack`s real life, Joyce creates a composite “caricature” of Irish nationalist. In a parody of parliamentary minutes, Joyce deals with the ban of Irish games in Phoenix Park. MP Nannetti attends a parliamentary session, whose committee members are characterized as engaging in imminent political agendas. Joyce`s anachronistic use of the Croke Park massacre reinforces his keen awareness of the brutality of Prime Minister Balfour`s coercion policy, which permits the reinforcement of military policing. Joyce`s final deployment of an associative device is the Citizen`s canine fellow, Garryowen, not only because Sandow is accompanied by his hound, Sultan, but also because ancient Irish heroes also have their hounds, for example, Finn and his Bran. The Citizen`s mongrel canine is employed to undermine the national purity promoted through a concept of “Irish Ireland,” which naturally excludes an alien like Bloom. In conclusion, Joyce shows the pervasive dominance of masculine prowess promoted by the cult of physical strength, and the similarity between imperialist ideology and Irish militant nationalism.

S-369 : Optimal level of proteinuria reduction for renoprotection in patients with IgA nephropathy

( Ki Heon Nam ),( Mi Jung Lee ),( Jeong Hye Kie ),( Beom Jin Lim ),( Young Eun Kwon ),( Yung Ly Kim ),( Kyoung Sook Park ),( Seong Yeong An ),( Hyung Jung Oh ),( Tae Hyun Yoo ),( Shin Wook Kang ),( Ky 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Proteinuria is a target for renoprotection in various glomerular diseases. However, optimal level of proteinuria reduction is unknown in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). To this end, we conducted a retrospective study in 500 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN from two medical centers in Korea between 2000 and 2010. The study endpoints were a doubling of the baseline serum creatinine concentration (D-sCr) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There were 221 (44.2%), 135 (27.0%), 96 (19.2%), and 48 (9.6%) patients with time-averaged proteinuria (TA-P) of <0.5, 0.5 to 0.99, 1.0 to 1.99, and ≥2.0 g/g, respectively. During a median follow-up duration of 65 (12-154) months, D-sCr was reached in 1 (0.5%), 3 (2.2%), 18 (18.8%), and 30 (62.5%) patients of each group (p<0.001). There was no difference in the development of D-sCr between patients with TA-P <0.5 g/g and TA-P of 0.5 to 0.99 g/g. ESRD did not occur in these two groups compared to 11 (11.5%) and 23 (47.9%) patients with TA-P of 1.0 to 1.99 and ≥2.0 g/g. In the fully adjusted multivariable Cox models, risk of reaching D-sCr did not differ between patients with TA-P of <0.5 g/g and those with 0.5 to 0.99 g/g (p=0.281), whereas it was markedly increased in patients with TA-P of 1.0 to 1.99 g/g (p=0.002) and those with TA-P >2.0 g/g (p<0.001). Our finding suggests that the optimal anti-proteinuric goal is <1.0 g/g in patients with IgAN.

The Economy of Desire in "Nausicaa"

Nam, Ki-Heon 한국제임스조이스학회 2003 제임스조이스저널 Vol.9 No.2

제임스 조이스의 『율리시즈』에서 젠더(gender)의 문제는 특히 여성 등장인물에게 집중되어 있는데, 몰리를 제외한 다른 여성들 중에서 「나시카」장의 거티 맥도웰(Gerty MacDowell)이 가장 주목할 만한 인물이다. 하지만 대부분의 비평가들은 블룸과 거티의 성 정치성(sexual politic)의 입장에서 접근하고 있어, 거티의 욕망이 형성되는 사회, 경제적 구조에 대해서 도외시하고 있다. 따라서 본 논고에서는 자본주의시대의 여성의 욕망과 성 정체성의 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 우선 스타일의 측면에서 전반부의 거티의 내러티브 스타일과 후반부의 블룸의 내러티브의 스타일이 마치 여성성, 성성을 대변하는 것처럼 여기지만, 둘 사이의 성 정치성의 경쟁이라기보다는 각 젠더의 상호작용을 나타내고 있다고 본다. 즉, 여성성도 단순히 남성성의 대치개념으로 이해하기보다는 상호작용 속에서 형성되며, 남성성 또한 독자적인 공간속에 존재하는 개념이 아닌 것이다. 「나시카」장의 주인공 거티 맥도웰은 아일랜드의 카톨릭의 종교이념아래서 성장한 사춘기의 소녀이며, 동시에 영국의 빅토리아 왕조의 통속문화의 산물이기도 하다. 따라서 그녀는 조이스가 그리고 있는 아일랜드의 여성성을 당시의 베스트셀러 소설이었던 마리아 커민스(Maria Cummins)의 『가로등점등원』(The Lamplighter)의 주인공 거티 플린트(Gerty Flint)가 담아 내고 있는 대중문화 속의 여성성도 함께 거티를 통해서 보여주고 있다. 거티는 자신을 상점의 전시대에 진열되어 있는 상품처럼 물화하기도 하며, 사실상 적극적으로 욕망의 경제속에 참여하고 있다. 그러므로 거티가 표현하는 여성성은 단순히 남성의 윽구가 투영된 물화(Fetishization)된 것이 아니라, 블룸의 남성의 응시(the male gaze)에 오히려 적극적인 참여를 통해 남성중심의 욕망의 경제에 중요한 분기점(nodal point)으로 작용하고 있다. 욕망은 궁극적으로 언어 재현의 체계이기 때문에 열린 결말을 가진 기표의 연쇄이다. 따라서 유일한 욕망의 만족은 과정 그 자체인 것이다. 이러한 욕망은 과정 자체가 중요시되는 경제적 틀 안에서 이해되어야 한다. 반면에 블룸의 남성적 응시는 단순히 여성을 물화하는데 그치지 않는다. 왜냐하면 거티와 블룸사이의 욕망의 교환은 상호응시에 의해 가능하며, 이러한 상호응시는 관음증적 주체와 노출증적 객체사이의 만남이다. 하지만 여기에서도 주체와 객체의 구분은 사실 모호하다. 왜냐하면 욕망의 경제는 과정 자체가 중요하기 때문에 상호응시에 의해 이루어진 각자의 욕구충족은 그 자체가 결과이기도 하기 때문이다. 자신을 물화하면서 얻어진 성적 욕구의 실현이나 대상에 대한 응시를 통해 얻어진 만족감은 서로 공유하고 있는 부분이 있으며, 동시에 공유될 수 없는 부분이 존재하기 때문이다. 따라서 이분법적 틀로 남성과 여성의 욕망을 재단하는 일은 무리가 있음을 조이스는 인식하고 있는 것이다. 따라서 거기엔 성 정치성에 의해 규정된 종속이나 상하위 개념은 존재하지 않고, 끊임없는 기표의 생산만이 남게 되는 것이다.

Potato and Tea: Colonial Commodities in Joyce`s Work

Ki Heon Nam 한국제임스조이스학회 2012 제임스조이스저널 Vol.18 No.2

Minimal Change Disease in Systemic Lupus : Another Renal Manifestation of Lupus?

Nam, Ki Heon,Cha, Yoon Jin,Kwon, Young Eun,Kim, Yung Ly,Park, Kyoung Sook,An, Seong Yeong,Lim, Beom Jin,Jeong, Hyeon Joo,Oh, Hyung Jung,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kang, Shin-Wook,Choi, Kyu Hun,Han, Seung Hyeok 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2013 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.36 No.2

Nephrotic syndrome is most commonly observed in membranous lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, other forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome rarely occur in these patients. Here, we report a case of SLE complicated by minimal change disease (MCD). A 24-year-old woman with SLE visited our hospital for generalized edema and heavy proteinuria. Laboratory tests did not support immunological exacerbation of lupus, while renal biopsy revealed diffusely effaced foot processes without electron-dense deposits that were consistent with MCD. Administration of high-dose corticosteroids and 6 subsequent cycles of monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide resulted in complete remission. Although nephrotic-range proteinuria recurred 1 month after switching to maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, complete remission was reestablished after a 6-month treatment with corticosteroids and cyclosporine. Physicians should be cautious in assessment and management of such a rare renal manifestation.

Changes in obese metabolic phenotypes over time and risk of incident chronic kidney disease

Nam, Ki Heon,Yun, Hae‐,Ryong,Joo, Young Su,Kim, Joohwan,Lee, Sangmi,Lee, Changhyun,Park, Kyoung Sook,Park, Jung Tak,Chang, Tae‐,Ik,Kang, Ea Wha,Yoo, Tae‐,Hyun,Kang, Shin‐,Wook Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2018 DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM Vol.20 No.12

<P><B>Aim</B></P><P>To examine the association between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and study whether changes in metabolic phenotypes over time could affect CKD risk.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 8589 subjects from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were categorized into four groups based on the presence of obesity and metabolic abnormalities (MA). The primary endpoint was an onset of incident CKD defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP>. Multivariable Cox analysis and time‐varying Cox analysis were performed to delineate the relationship between obese metabolic phenotypes and incident CKD after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and clinical and laboratory parameters.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>During a mean follow‐up duration of 9.3 years, CKD occurred in 782 (9.1%) participants. In the multivariable Cox model, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident CKD in the MHO, metabolically abnormal non‐obese (MANO), and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) groups was 1.42 (<I>P</I> = 0.002), 1.45 (<I>P</I> < 0.001), and 1.77 (<I>P</I> < 0.001), respectively, compared with the metabolically healthy non‐obese (MHNO) group. Time‐varying analysis with these four phenotypes as time‐varying exposures showed the same results. Furthermore, subjects with persistent MHO through follow‐up were at a 2.0‐fold increased risk of CKD (<I>P</I> < 0.001). 41.0% of subjects experienced phenotype changes during follow‐up. Over the long term, the MHO group had a higher proportion of transition to the MA phenotype and unfavourable metabolic profiles than the MHNO group. Among MHO subjects, those who transitioned to MAO were at a 4.1‐fold increased risk of incident CKD than those who regressed to MHNO. In addition, transition to MHO from other groups carried a higher risk of CKD than persistent MHNO.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>MHO subjects are at increased risk for incident CKD.</P>