The Korean Association of lnternal Medicine : Poster Session ; PS 1357 : Nephrology ; Age is the Strongest Effector for the Relationship between Estimated Glomerular filtration Rate and Coronary Artery Calcifi cation in Apparently Healthy Korean Adults

( Hyun Beom Chae ),( Eun Jung Rhee ),( Hae Jung Park ),( Min Kyung Lee ),( Won Seon Jeon ),( Se Eun Park ),( Cheol Young Park ),( Won Young Lee ),( Ki Won Oh ),( Sung Woo Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major clinical problem and the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Coronary artery calcifi cation (CAC) is a potential mechanism that explains the association between renal function and cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association between renal function and CAC in apparently healthy Korean subjects. Methods: In 23,617 participants in the health screening program in Kangbuk Samsung Hospital health screening program from January 2010 to December 2011, estimated glomerular fi ltration rate (eGFR) was assessed by Cockcroft-Gault equation. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was measured by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the CKD Staging system with eGFR grade; stage 1: eGFR = 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, stage 2: eGFR 60-89 mL/ min/1.73 m2, stage 3: eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: Mean age of the participants was 41.4 years, and mean eGFR was 103.6±21.7 mL/min/1.73 m2. Hypertension and diabetes were noted in 43.7% and 5.5% of the participants, respectively. eGFR showed weakly negative but signifi cant association with CACS in bivariate correlation analysis (r=-0.076, p<0.01). Mean CACS signifi cantly increased from CKD stage 1 to 3. The proportion of subjects who had CAC signifi cantly increased from CKD stage 1 to 3. Although odds ratio for CAC signifi cantly increased from stage 1 to 3 after adjustment for confounding factors, this signifi cance was inversed when age was included in the model. Age was the strongest factor that affects CAC. Conclusions: This study performed in young Korean subjects with relatively normal renal function, age was the mostly strongest effector on the association between eGFR and the degree of CAC.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

주요우울증에 대한 벤라팍신의 효과 및 안전성

이민수,남종원,강성민,연병길,오병훈,이철,정인과,채정민,백인호 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 주요우울증 환자에서 벤라팍신의 치료 효과와 안정성을 조사하기 위해 다기관 개방연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV 진단 기준에 의거하여 주요우울증으로 진단된 환자중 벤라팍신 투여에 동의한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 선택된 환자에서 다른 항우울제를 복용하고 있는 경우 14일 이상의 약물 배설기간을 가진후 벤라팍신을 6주간 투여하였으며, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주 후에 HAM-D, MADRS, 그리고 CGI등을 사용하여 평가하였다. 본 연구기간중 발생된 모든 부작용은 부작용의 발생 및 소설 시기, 심한 정도, 발생 빈도, 벤라팍신과의 관련성, 관련 조치 및 결과에 대하여 증례기록서에 기록하도록 하였다. 결 과 : 총 141명을 대상으로 하였으며, 이중 94명(66.7%)이 6주간의 연구를 완결하였고, 47명(33.3%)이 중도탈락하였다. HAM-D총점수는 벤라팍신 투여 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, 2주,4주, 6주후에도 지속적인 감소를 보였다. MADRS의 총점수도벤라팍신 투여 1주 후부터 유의한 호전을 나타내었으며, 2주, 4주, 6주 후에도 지속적인 감소를 보였다. CGI에서도 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주 후 각각의 시점 사이에 유의한 호전이 보였다. 활력징후, 일반 혈액학, 생화학, 심전도 검사 등에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 벤라팍신과 관련된 부작용으로 흔히 보고한 증상은 오심(10.6%), 소화불량(9.5%), 변비(8.5%), 현기증(8.5%)등 이었다. 결 론 : 다기관 개방연구를 통해 주요우울증 환자에 대한 벤라팍신의 투여는 우울증상의 호전에 효과적이었으며 안전하였다. Objective : A Multicenter open-label study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of venlafaxine for the tretment in patients with major depression. Method : The study was done in patients with major depression diagnosed by DSM-IV who accepted venlafaxine medication. In cases of the patients taking other antidepressants, 6 weeks of venlafaxine medication was carried out after 14 days of drug excretion period and evaluation using HAM-D, MADRS, and CGI was done at baseline, and after 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Regarding all side effects that had occurred during the period of our study such as their developed/disappeared time, severities, incidences, relationship with venlafaxine, managements and results have been putted into the records. Results : A total of 141 patients were enrolled. Among 94 of them finished the 6 weeks of research and 41 of them did not make it through the research. Total HAM-D scores showed significant decrease after 1 week of venlafzxine medication and continous decrease through the study period. Total scores of MADRS also showed significant improvement after 1 week and continuous decrease through the study period. Similarly, CGI showed significant improvement between baseline, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. There were no significant changes in vital sign, CBC, chemistry, and EKG. The commonly reported side effects of venlafaxine were nausea(10.6%), indigestion(9.5%), constipation(8.5%), and dizziness(8.5%). Conclusion : According to the results, venlafaxine was effective and safe in the treatment of patients with major depression.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

퇴비화에 있어서 중온성미생물과 고온성미생물의 유기물분해특성

정민정,김혜경,배재근 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1996 大學院論文集 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구에서는 퇴비화과정중의 미생물을 분리하여, 분리된 미생물에 대한 기본적인 배양조건 및 미생물의 특성을 조사 하였으며, 또한 분리된 미생물을 퇴비화장치에 접종했을 때 퇴비화에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 퇴비화의 미생물분해 원리에 대하여 검토하였다. 퇴비화반응이 활발하게 진행되는 각 과정에서 중온성미생물(Mj-7)과 고온성미생물(Hj-8)을 분리하였으며, 이들을 각각 반응기에 접종시 중온성미생물을 주입한 반응조에서는 초기에 온도 상승폭이 높고, 유기물의 분해가 활발하게 진행되어 중온성미생물이 반응에 기여하는 정도가 높게 관찰되었다. 그러나 고온성미생물 주입시에는 반응속도가 느리고, 온도가 많은 시간이 경과된 후에 서서히 상승하였다. 퇴비화과정에서 저온성미생물이 중요한 역할을 하고, 저온성미생물의 우점화로 산화열이 발생되므로 고온성미생물이 유도된다고 볼 때 미생물을 초기 주입시에 저온성미생물의 주입이 효과적이라는 것이 증명되었다. 이들 분해에 관여하는 기여정도를 명확히 하기 위하여 중온성균과 고온성균을 혼합하여 주입하여 실험한 결과, 중온성균만을 주입한 것에 비교하여 초기온도상승은 거의 비슷했으나, 고온성균을 접종하므로서 고온을 유지하는 시간이 더욱더 길게 연장되고, 유기물의 분해가 더욱더 진전되는 현상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로부터, 퇴비화에 관여하는 미생물의 원리는 중온성미생물이 초기에 우점화되어 유기물분해에 의해 산화열이 발생되어 고온분위기가 유지되면 고온성미생물이 우점화된다는 것이 증명되었다. 즉 고온성미생물을 분리하여 접종하는 것만으로는 반응을 원활하게 진행시키지 못하며, 반드시 중온균에 의하여 반응을 진행시키고, 그 산화열 및 분해산물에 의하여 고온성균이 서식 가능하도록 분위기를 유지한 후에 접종할 때 그 효과를 기대할 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. Microorganisms under composting was separated and basic condition of culture for microorganisms and their property have been investigated. Additionally the effect to the process of composting when separated microorganism is inoculated to compost producing reactor was investigated and principle of biodegradation in connection with process of composting has been studied. In each process of active reaction for composting mesophilic microorganism(Mj-7) and thermophilic microorganism(Hj-8) were separated and when such microorganism was inoculated to reactor respectively it was found that in the reactor inoculated with mesophilic microorganism showed high range of initial temperature rise and degradation of organic matter was very active thus the level of contribution of mesophilic microorganism to reaction was high. However when inoculated with thermophilic microorganism the speed of reaction was very slow and gradual rise of temperatures after elapse of considerable time was observed. It is proved that inoculation of mesophilic microorganism initially is effective in light of inducing high temperature system microorganism through emission of oxidation heat by ignition of mesophilic microorganism playing significant role in the process of producing compost. To check on the level of contributions to biodegradation by respective microorganism both microorganism mentioned above mixed and inoculated and result showed that the initial rise of temperature was close to the time of inoculated of mesophilic microorganism however by addition of thermophilic microorganism duration for maintaining high temperature was lengthened and degradation of organic matter was advanced. From such result it is proved that in the process of composting initially mesophilic microorganism is ignited first emitting oxidation heat producing high ambient temperature then themophilic microorganism being kindled. In summary it has been proved that smooth reaction in composting can not be assured with innoculted of separated high temperature system microorganism alone but it is essential to initiate reactions by mesophilic microorganism and after maintaining environment amenable for presence for thermophilic microorganism inoculated of separated high temperature system by means of oxidation heat and degraded matter and its inoculation would produce desired result.

용혈성 요독 증후군 부검 1예

채종민,곽정식,임재원 大韓法醫學會 1996 대한법의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

We experienced an autopsy case of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Over 75% of cases occur in children with intestinal infection with verocytotoxin-producing E.coli. The disease is one of the main causes of ARF in children. It is characterized by the sudden onset, usually after a gastrointestinal or flu-like prodromal episode of bleeding manifestations(especially hematemesis and melana), severe oliguria, hematuria, a micro-angiophathic hemolytic anemia, and prominent neurologic changes?

韓國 傳統的 政治思想에서의 民主主義的 要素

蔡政旻 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1987 연구논문집 Vol.35 No.1

This thesis intend to research the domocratic elements in the traditional political thoughts of Korea to assist the optimism of democratic development of Korean politics. In the spirit of Hong-ik-in-kan, ruling principle of of Dan Gun Korea in antiquity, we can find the ideas of equality, peace, general similarity and government for the people. These democratic elements had been institutionalized simply in the Hwa-beck System in Sila, the jae-ka council in Ko-ku-ryu, and the Electoral system of Prime Minister of Back-jae Dynasty. After that, although long period of political system of absolutism had passed, Shil-hak(practical Scinece) was apperaed in the late Li Dynasty. Most of Shil-hak scholars asserted equality of all men, taking a serious view of individuality and independence of man philosophically. So, they denied traditional social class sytem and assert that anyone who was capable of taking charge of public affairs could be appointed to the positions of governmental institutions. Also, they maintained to abolish slavery, discriminative treatment to illegitimate son and discriminative reguirement to enter school by social class. Especially, Jung, Yjark Yong stressed that rulers had to be elected by the people, suggesting the people were not the object but the subject. These fundamental rules of democracy are not different from those of todays. After all, democratic ideas in the Sil-kak political thoughts influenced on the Korean Enlightenment in the late Li Dynasty. On the other side, we must emphasize significantly the thought of Dong-hak, established by Choi, Jae Woo, stressing the subjectivity and equality of man. There are certain pessimism about the democratic development of current political reality of Korea because of political culture of Korean people-authoritarianism or other factors, but today, we must objectify and socialize the democratic ideas in the traditional political thoughts of our Korean history by research and revelation of those ideas for the democratic development of Korea politics.

TMS320C6711을 이용한 Digital X-ray 신호처리 시스템 개발

정민수,이재균,강문호,이채욱 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.1

기존의 의료용 X선 영상장치에 있어서 TV 방식은 형광증배관에 나타나는 잡음과 TV자체의 잡음으로 인하여 비교적 잡음이 많이 발생한다. 그리고 interlace 주사로 인한 화면 떨림 현상이 발생하여 카메라 해상도가 저하되어 모니터에 나타나는 전체적인 화면의 화질이 그다지 선명하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 NTSC 방식의 잡음 문제를 해결하기 위해, X-ray에 의해 투시된 X-ray 형광증배의 아날로그 화면은 A/D converter를 이용하여 디지털 신호를 만든다. 또한 interlace 방식의 화면이 깜박거리는 현상을 제거하기 위해 double scanning 하고 interlace 주사를 noninterlace로 주사하는 방식을 도입한다. 그리고 실시간 처리를 위하여 TMS320C6711을 이용한 Digital X-ray 신호처리 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. The TV injection method of general X-ray image system has a problem because of the fluorescent increased dividend tube and the TV itself. As the screen trembling by interlace injection decreases the camera resolution, the total quality of monitor is not so clear. In this paper, we make the analog signal of X-ray fluorescent increased dividend tube into digital signal by using A/D converter. Also, to remove the twinkles from interlace method, we adapt the double scanning and the noninterlace method. For realtime processing we develop the digital X-ray signal processing system which uses a TMS320C6711.

북한의 핵개발과 미ㆍ북 핵합의의 제문제

채정민 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1995 연구논문집 Vol.51 No.1

While this world approaches the New World Order of the post-Cold War Era, the political situation of the Korean penisular continues to be in severe tensions caused by North Korea's nuclear development. In terms of IAEA Nuclear inspection, North Korea has caused a lot of conflicts with U .S., but in the end both of U. S. and North Korea have succeeded in establishing a common base for alleviation of tension by making an agreement of the current nuclear issue in Geneva on Oct. 21 1994. However, it seems to be certain that North Korea retains one or two atomic bombs otherwise can build them at any time when North Koreans want to do. We can recognize that the Nuclear Agreement between U. S. and North Korea may have some positive aspects in terms of the nuclear freezing of present and future. Nevertheless, we can not help denying that it could't make sure of the nuclear transparency of the past. In addition, it is very suspicious that North Korea may guarantee the implementation of the above mentioned nuclear agreement because of North Koreans' incredible behavior of the past. I suggest that Korea and U. S. have to do their best to urge North Koreans to implement that agreement, but some strong and relevant measures have to be taken by Korea and U. S. when North Korea delays the implementation of that agreement. The South-North Dialogue doesn't need to be coerced. When North Korea does not accept the Korean-type light water reactor and the initiative of Korea, Korea will not give North Korea any financial assistance. Finally, it is, I think, very important that Korea and U. S. intensify the coordinated system in establishing related measures against North Korea in detail and sharing informations about North Korea's nuclear development. We have to retain hard-line policy against North Korea to lead into a reformed and open regime.

안동지방 서리현상의 예보가능성에 관한 고찰

정민수,이재균,박광오,이채욱 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구에서는 서리 발생에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 기후학적인 요소들을 10년 동안 안동지방을 대상 지역으로 선정하고 분석하여 안동지역 서리 발생의 예보 가보 가능성에 관하여 연구하였다. In this paper we analyzed various meteorologicals in Andong during 10 years, so the objective forecast possibility of frost in Andong are examined and analyzed.