광선각화증, 보웬병, 편평상피세포암에서 Ki-67, Cyclin A, p53, p16의 발현 양상

이효진 ( Hyo Jin Lee ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),최종수 ( Jong Soo Choi ),김기홍 ( Ki Hong Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) and bowen`s disease (BD) are pre-cancerous diseases, and are regarded as an early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). AK and BD can be progressed into SCC. In this process, tumor suppressor and cell proliferative proteins may play important roles. Objective: To investigate the differences of expression patterns of the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and useful markers for differential diagnosis in AK, BD and SCC. Methods: Biopsy had proven 17 cases of AK, 20 cases of BD and 17 cases of SCC, which were all selected. IHC staining for Ki-67 and cyclin-A, as cell proliferative markers, p53 and p16 as tumor suppressor markers, were performed. Labeling index (LI) and distribution pattern of IHC expressions were measured. Results: LI of Ki-67 in AK, BD and SCC were 30.6%, 60.2% and 54.8%, respectively. LI of cyclin-A in AK, BD and SCC were 9.2%, 24.4% and 24.1%, respectively. LI of p53 in AK, BD and SCC were 20.7%, 37.9%, and 39.9%, respectively. LI of p16 in AK, BD and SCC were 10.6%, 38.3% and 39.9%, respectively. Lower 1/3 was the most frequent distribution pattern in AK in all IHC stains, full thickness lower 2/3 were the most frequent distribution pattern in BD and SCC in all IHC stains. Conclusion: LI and distribution pattern of Ki-67, cyclin-A, and p16, as well as the distribution pattern of p53 may be useful markers to differentiate AK from BD and SCC. Higher degree and full-thickness distribution pattern IHC expressions in all stains may be helpful in the diagnosis of BD, rather than AK. (Korean J Dermatol 2012;50(4):290∼298)

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

消癌去痰益氣湯의 cyclophosphamide 부작용 형성 억제효과

홍종희,류기원,류봉하,윤상협,김진성 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2002 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2002 No.-

Object : It is well known that modern chemotherapy against cancer has side effcts to a living body, especially hemopoietic and immunologial disfunctions. However, there are no effctive ways to reduce them.Recently, traditonal Korean herb medicine has been repoted to have some biological modifying responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that additional application of herb medicine during chemotherapy is more effective to reduce its side effects. While we were studying the effects, we have observed the inhibitory effect of Soamgudamikgitang on formation of side effects derived from Cyclophosphamide, it has been used in clinical practice at Kyung Hee Medicd Center.Methods : We injected 200㎎/㎏ of Cyclophosphamide, one time, to an experimental group, consisting of ten mice. We divided them into eight groups: normal, CPX, SAKT 2㎎, SAKT 10㎎, SAKT 50㎎, SAKI 2㎎+CPX, SAKT 10㎎+CPX, SAKT 50㎎+CPX. We injeted Soamgudamikgitang seven days, five days, three days, and one day before we injected CPX. One day, three days, and five days after CPX injection, we injected Soamgudamikgitang again and then killed all the mice.The parameters determined in this experiment were daily body weight liver and spleen weight, RBC, WBC, and platelet for hemopoietic dysfunction and AST, ALT for hepatotoxicity, BUN, creatine for renal toxcity, Iymphocyte proliferation activity and lymphocyte subsets for immunological toxvity.Results : We have found that Soamgdamikgitang has inhibitory effects on the formation of Cyclophosphamide 's side effects. Significant differences between the group, which contained Cyclophosphamide, and the other group, which contains Cyclophosphamide and 2, 10, 50㎎ of Soamgudamikgitang respectively were observed. Platelets(2㎎ of Soamgudamikgitang, p<O.05 ;10㎎, p<0.Ol ;50㎎, p<0.001), liver weight(SOw p.001), spieen weight(10mg, p<0.05), AST(all groups, p<0.01), ALT(2㎎, p<001 ;10㎎, p<O.05 ;50㎎, p<0.01), BUN(2㎎, p<0.01 ;50㎎, p<0.05). Althought immunological in both lymphocyte proliferation and its subsets were not observed, which shows that Soamgudamikgilang has a strong effect on T cell activities Conclusions : From the above results, we can expect that the combined therapy of Soamgudamikgitang and Cyclophosphamide is more effective for treating cancer Patients.

상관계수를 이용한 회전 동심원 레티클 탐색기의 반대응능력

홍현기,최종수 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 1999 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

적외선 탐색기에 널리 사용되는 레티클 시스템은 시계(field of view ; FOV) 상에 존재하는 표적의 위치를 구하는 대표적인 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 동심원(concentric annular ring) 레티클 탐색기의 표적 추적 성능을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 효과적인 툴이 제안된다. 시계상에 섬광탄 등의 대응능력이 존재하는 경우, 표적에 대한 정확한 추적은 매우 어렵게 된다. 이러한 대응능력의 영향을 줄이기 위해 입력 신호와 기준 신호와의 상관 관계를 이용하는 반대응 기법이 제안된다. 구성된 툴 상에서 제안된 방법이 기존 방법에 비해 보다 효과적인 표적 추적 결과를 보임을 확인하였다. Reticle systems. which are widely used in infrared (IR) missile seekers, are considered to be the classical approach for estimating the position of a target in the field of view (FOV). This paper presents an effective simulation tool that gives tracking results of the concentric annular ring reticle seeker. Our simulation model provides tracking results in various cases, and is applicable to the study of the development of the advanced seekers. While false targets such as flares are presented in the FOV, simulation results show that the existing seeker cannot determine a precise target location. In order to decrease the susceptibility to countermeasures such as flares, we propose an efficient counter-countermeasure using the correlated relationship of modulated signals and the references. We have ascertained that the reticle seeker using our technique make more effective target tracking than previous seekers.

Yeats의 John Sherman

홍기종 釜山大學校 1994 人文論叢 Vol.45 No.1

Abstract W. B. Yeats wrote some noveletes including John Sherman in his early times, John Sherman, though not reviewed well when published, is an important work in the light of Yeats' autobiographical aspects and its literary value. John Sherman is, in a sense, an etude of Yeats, but a work containing his literary characteristics and his interests he develoed later. As for his autobiographical aspects, the setting of John Sherman is Sloigo where Yeats had spent his boyhood and always cherished, and by contrast, London is the place of his hatred. And the characters of the novelete are modelled upon the people around Yeats. It is perhaps because of his father's advice to write "a story with Real people." The hero, Sherman, was modelled upon Yeats' cousin, Henry Middleton, and Mrs. Sherman on his mother Mrs. Susan Yeats, and Mary Carton and Margaret Leland and Katharine Tynan and Maud Gonne. One of Yeats' major literary ideas is the technique of the dualistic contrast. The archetype of the symbolic representation by this dualistic contract can be found in the very novelete, John Sherman. For examples, there is the contrast of places, Ballah(Sligo) and London. And that of the characters, Sherman and Howard. R. J.. Finneran has exemplified the two men's character in detail. Besides these, there are the contrasts of Mary Carton and Margaret Leland, and Mrs. Sherman and Mrs. Leland. And also we can find another archetype of the contrast of three elements. And another major aspect is Yeats' emphasis on the nationality of Ireland. In John Sherman, there is the archetype of his thought expressed, "There is no great literature without nationality, no great nationality without literature." John Sherman, though an etude, is a valuable work in which we can find the archetypes of Yeats' major literary ideas.

대구지역의 오존농도와 영향인자

홍성철,장봉기,이종영,조재미 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study was carried out to estimate the ozone concentration to behaviour and the factors influencing the variation of its concentration in the ambient air in Taegu. Measurements of ozone concentrations were made at 5 monitoring station to take care of Taegu Regional Environment Department during January 1996 to December 1996, also measured the hourly average concentration of sulfur dioxide(SO₂), total suspended particulate(TSP), nitrogen dioxide(NO₂), carbon monoxide(CO) and meteorological factors, that is temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, precipitation, insolation intensity etc, for the same period at same place. The basis of the data obtained were analyzed statistically along with the various data. The results were as follows. 1. The annually arithmetic mean concentration of ozone for the 5 sites during one year was 13.5ppb and ranged from 11.0±12.9ppb at Nowon site to 14.6±14.2ppb at the Sankyeuk site. 2. The frequency of hours on which ozone concentrations exceeded the present short term(1 hour) standard of ozone(100ppb) were eight times. 3. The diurnal pattern of hourly ozone concentration in Taegu area was that the maximum hourly concentration of ozone occurred between 3 and 4 p.m. in a day and concentrations at night were very low and the minimum hourly concentration of ozone was observed at around 7 a.m. 4. The weekly variation of ozone concentration was that the higher level ozone concentration in the day of the week occurred from thursday to friday but the lower level was observed from saturday to monday. 5. The monthly variation of ozone concentration was that the higher level in summer and the lower level in winter, exceptionally ozone concentration in July was very low. 6. The ozone concentration had negative correlations with the concentration of other primary pollutants(SO₂, NO₂, CO, TSP) in simple regression analyses. 7. The ozone concentration was positively correlated to temperature, wind speed, insolation intensity and insolation duration but negatively correlated to relative humidity, cloud quantity. 8. The results of multiple regression analysis on on-time the ozone concentration to other pollutants and meteorological factors, R²was ranged from 0.41 to 0.50. 9. In multiple regression analysis to predict short-time(1 hr) ozone concentration after 1 hour to the pollutants including on-time ozone and meteorological factors, R²was ranged from 0.87 to 0.91. 10. The multiple regression model could be a potentially useful tool for air pollution forecasters in predicting ozone concentration after 1 hour in Taegu.

폐결핵 환자의 우울 상태

홍정표,최선희,조만종,이성주,박종,김기순,김양옥 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1997 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.22 No.1

The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the depressive states for the patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. A questionnaire(Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS) survey was performed toward 57 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with initial treatment who started chemotherapy and 53 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with retreatment, admitted to one tuberculosis-centered hospital and two general hospital. Fifty three healthy persons as control group were investigated with the same questionnaire for comparison. The survey was performed from July to August 1996. The results are as follws : 1. The patients had significantly high scores in the depression than control and the patient with retreatment showed significantly high scores in the depression than the patient with initia1treatment(P<0.01). 2. The depressive levels of the patients were associated with duration of admission and the expectancy of recovery (P<0.05). 3. The percentage of the subjects with 40 or more scores tentatively classifiable as psychologically depressed was 67.1% of the total subjects, 48.4% of the control groups, 75.0% of the patient with initial treatment and 84.1% of the patient with retreatment. Because patient with pulmonary tuberculosis with initial treatment showed higher depression scores than normal persons, and patients with retreatment due to failure of initial treatment showed higher depression scores than initial treatment, it is necessary to give attention to depression of the patients during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Ash Wednesday의 분석

홍기종 釜山大學校 1988 人文論叢 Vol.33 No.1

쓰레기종량제 실시전후의 생활폐기물 소각장 배출 유해가스 농도

홍성철,장봉기,이종영,구영수 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to compare the concentration of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides emitted from the household incineration facility in Taegu city before and after the adoption of garbage packing system. Their concentrations were measured by an automatic analyzing equipment(MCS 100) at Sung-Suh household waste incineration facility in Taegu city using the non-dispersion infrared absorption analysis method from January 1 to June 30, 1994 before the adoption of the garbage packing system, and from January 1 to June 30, 1995 after the adoption of the system. The means of daily maximal concentration and daily average concentration of the emitted sulfur oxides were 40.9±23.00ppm and 21.4±6.18ppm in 1994, and 75.7±59.43ppm and 22.0±8.95ppm in 1995, respectively. In 1994, the concentration showed a gradual reduction from January until June, but there was a marked variation in 1995. By the day of the week, both 1994 and 1995 showed the lowest figures on Sundays. In the multi-variable analysis of variance to nitrogen oxides, there was not a noticeable statistical figure by the year and by a day of the week, but there did exist a noteworthy difference among the monthly emission concentrations (p<0.05). The means of daily maximal concentration and daily average concentration of the emitted nitrogen oxides were 175.6±23.82ppm and 122.3±26.92ppm in 1994, and 143.7±16.57ppm and 100.2±25.85ppm in 1995, respectively. By month, the means of its daily average concentration was lowest in June, 1994 at 89.4±26.29ppm and 72.7±31.36ppm in April, 1995. By the day of week, there was not much variation, it was lowest on Saturdays at 116.6±24.74ppm in 1994 and on Wednesdays at 93.4±25.79ppm in 1995. In the result of the multi-variable analysis of variance, it was significant that there was a difference in the nitrogen oxides emission concentration between the by-the-year figure of p<0.05 and by-the-mouth figure of p<0.05. This result suggests that the adoption of garbage packing system may affect the emission concentration of emitted nitrogen oxides from household waste incineration facility.