Influence of Intonation, Morphology, and Syntax on the Semantic Scope of Wh-phrases in Kyeongsang Korean

이소영,Jiwon Yun 한국언어정보학회 2018 언어와 정보 Vol.22 No.3

So Young Lee and Jiwon Yun. 2018. Influence of Intonation, Morphology, and Syntax on the Semantic Scope of Wh-phrases in Kyeongsang Korean. Language and Information 22.3, 23-43. Text Visualization and Concordance Retrieval Using Project Gutenberg. This paper investigates the influence of prosody, morphology, and syntax on the processing of the semantic scope configuration of wh-phrases in Kyeongsang Korean. Through a carefully designed perception experiment, we examined how intonation, sentence-final particles, and long-distance scrambling of wh-phrases affect the judgment on the wh-scope. The results of the experiment suggest that while intonation and the surface syntactic position of wh-phrases do have a certain effect, wh-scope interpretation depends mostly on the sentence-final particles. However, the gang-up effect of intonation and long-distance scrambling was found: when they both indicate a matrix scope reading, the wh-phrase is likely to receive a matrix scope reading even if the sentence-final particle indicates an embedded scope reading. In sum, our study confirms the influence of intonation on wh-scope and newly discovers the influence of long-distance scrambling but observes that neither of them is as strong as morphological marking. We also found a general preference for an embedded scope reading that does not violate the wh-island constraint, which explains the alleged wh-island effect in the previous literature. Overall, however, our data confirm the more recent argument that the wh-island constraint is violable in Korean.

A Study on Fostering Reserve Forces Capable of Demonstrate the Ability to Immediately Respond of the Korean Armed Forces

Jiwon Yun(Jiwon Yun),Ilsoo Bae(Ilsoo Bae) J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to explore the plan to foster the experts in reserve forces of the Korean armed forces based on a review of the operation of reserve forces in foreign countries, such as the United States and Germany, in consideration of the rapidly changing international situation and security changes on the Korean Peninsula following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It is intended to examine the relevant development, and at the same time, while there are differences in terms of policy and implementation aspects, it is intended to make suggestions regarding policy development by deriving implications through the comparative analysis of the reserve forces system of Korea and the United States. Method: Considering the characteristics of this study, it was primarily composed of literature studies such as official documents, research papers, and related degree dissertations of the Korean and U.S. governments, Inter-net materials. As examples of the development of reserve forces in foreign countries, including the United States, case analysis of the reserve forces service system and organization method, reserve forces training, etc., were used. Based on which, various implications were drawn for fostering the reserve forces experts for Korea's elite reserve force. Result: For emphasis purposes, the U.S. and Germany legally maintain the same status as active duty and reserve forces. This is because budgeting and policy establishment for reserve forces are applied in the same manner as in active duty. In particular, the U.S. develops and applies the AGR and ADOS systems based on the legal basis and budget, and operates the reserve force as a unit from the peacetime. However, Korea is currently conducting a short mobilization call training for three days and two nights. In case of emergency, after the gen-eral mobilization order is issued, the unit enters into the relevant unit to increase the mobilization and establish the unit. Moving forward, it is necessary to train the reserve forces experts who can contribute to shortening the gap between peacetime and when the general mobilization order is issued. Conclusion: The lessons learned from the Russo-Ukraine war are the spirit of armed struggle from the leader to the people, the strategy and tactics to operate the weapon system, and above all, the very importance of mobilizing the reserve force that can demonstrate practical combat power in the battlefield in case of emergency. As such, it is very important to prepare a plan for fostering the reserve forces experts in consideration of changes in the international order in the 21st century, declining population, changes in war patterns such as hybrid war-fare shown in the Russo-Ukraine war, and Korea's future defense environment, among the key tasks of the De-fense Reform 4.0.

A Review of the International Order and Human SECURITY in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic

Jiwon Yun,Ilsoo Bae J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in inter-national order, why the concept of human security emerged, and how it is making emergent variations, and then to study practical usefulness in connection with national security. Method: As a major research method, policy suggestions provided by various domestic and foreign security conversations, academic conferences, and seminars held during the COVID-19 situation were referenced. The theoretical approach of human security was studied analytically through literature research. In addition, the contents of non-face-to-face interviews of 32 security experts were reflected. Results: War and conflict threats are gradually disappearing in the post-Cold War era, and the vulnerability of human security is exposed. Delayed diagnosis and prescription at the human security level have a negative impact on national security. Therefore, at this point, the practical usefulness of human security in line with the fundamental purpose of human security is further needed. Various international and domestic governance and solidarity are needed, and a fused human security policy in connection with the national policy should be estab-lished. Military power, which is the core of national security, should also expand the field of projection for human security. Conclusion: Human security provided the justification for the state to make all-out efforts to non-traditional security threats from traditional security threats through the long-term COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the characteristics of complexity, vulnerability, dependence, and complementarity of human security, the practical usefulness of coexisting with national security should be increased. National security should always be open to materialize human security discourse at the level of national policy, play a role as a supplement to human security, and come up with practical alternatives to overcome the vulnerability of human security.

A Study on Implementation Plan for the South-North Korean Unification and Security Strategy

Jiwon Yun,Youngjun Jo J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to think about the benefits and gains which unification will bring about in our reality as divided nations, understand the legitimacy for unification, and devised a strategy for preparing for unification. The purpose is to establish values and a desirable attitude towards the state while preparing for unification and analyzing the stature and future of the Republic of Korea. Method: In order to come up with the legitimacy of unification, strategy, and what we need to do to prepare for unification, references such as books, academic journals, and dissertations related to unification were examined, and in order to derive empirical data for the stature of South Korea and the future, empirical studies were conducted for news and government data, etc. Results: The strategy to prepare for unification is to induce North Korea not to make unreasonable demands by maintaining a strong security arrangement, such as by securing regular and irregular warfare capabilities, strengthening the ROK-U.S. alliance and joint operational capabilities, and adhering to firm principles rather than a principle of less appeasement policy not to mislead the public's perception of North Korea. Unification requires an agreement between the two Koreas, yet what is clear is that unification must be liberal and democratic based on a market economy, and it is also necessary to reach a national consensus. Furthermore, while expanding the breadth of mutual understanding between the two Koreas, close friendly and cooperative relations with neighboring countries must also be maintained. Conclusion: Most of the people have a negative perception towards unification, and the MZ generation even demonstrate a cynical attitude towards North Korea. However, unification must be achieved in order to pursue development and prosperity while continuing the historical legitimacy of our people, and for stability in Northeast Asia and the world peace. In the process of pursuing unification, it should serve as an opportunity to properly establish the ‘view of state’ as well as the ‘view of unification’ or ‘view of security’ which have not been fully established in the consciousness of the people.

A phonetic study of Nanai vowels: Using automated post-transcriptional processing techniques

( Jiwon Yun ),( Hijo Kang ),( Seongyeon Ko ) 한국알타이학회 2016 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.26

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable growth in Altaic field linguistics, with recognizable achievements especially in language description and archiving. However, relatively less effort has been made to analyze the collected materials from the general phonetic perspectives. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how the archived language data can be analyzed using automated tools for speech annotation and phonetic analysis and thus with drastically reduced time and effort. Using the published IPA-based transcriptions of the lexical items (Ko & Yurn 2011), we ran Prosodylabaligner (Gorman et al. 2011) for the automatic segmentation and labelling of the Nanai recordings collected by the Altaic Society of Korea. After this post-processing, the acoustic characteristics of vowels were automatically measured using scripts written for Praat (Boersma & Weenink 2014). The acoustic analysis of Nanai vowels shows that, by and large, the automated process produces relatively reliable results with its effectiveness evidenced in terms of time and effort. We believe that Altaic linguistics will be highly benefited from these practical techniques with the improvement of accuracy.

ASEAN Factor and the Converging South Korea’s ‘New Southern Policy’ with India’s ‘Act East Policy’

( Yun Jiwon ),( Nguyen Tran Tien ) 한국세계지역학회 2019 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.37 No.1

Changing geopolitical landscape in the Asia-Pacific has put the regional and global security architecture in the spotlight and extensively transformed. ASEAN, India and South Korea have emerged to become important partners and their relation has become multidimensional and comprehensive. They should work together as a triangular strategic partner in order to contribute to the maintenance of the global security and ensure their centrality in the geopolitical balance between the United States, China as well as other world powers. One of the priorities in Policy Tasks of Moon Jae In’s Administration is to reinforcing international cooperation through diplomacy. He provided an opportunity to impart new momentum to diversify ROK’s diplomatic and economic strategies. The “New Southern Policy (NSP)” with its aims means to leverage ASEAN as key partners like other major players in the region and complements India’s “Act East Policy (AEP).” The article begins by analytical understanding the background of India’s Act East policy and South Korea’s New Southern Policy. Interestingly, both AEP and NSP pivot on ASEAN. Therefore, this article further identifies South East Asia and ASEAN as the driving forces for the compatibility in these policies. Taking stock of South Korea - India traditional bilateral relations and evaluating the outcome of the present administration, the article assesses the possibilities for converging these policies and the prospects of South Korea - India relations.

Changes in International Security Environment and Paradigm Shifts in Overseas Dispatch of Korean Troops: Expanding the Roles of the Cheonghae Unit

( Yun Jiwon ) 한국세계지역학회 2021 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.39 No.1

After being admitted to the United Nation (UN) in September 1991, South Korea began dispatching units of engineers on Peacekeeping Operation (PKO) to Somalia in 1994. Since then, it has been involved in promoting national interests and international peacekeeping operations such as armistice monitoring, reconstruction and disaster relief activities by dispatching troops and individuals to conflict zones around the world. In addition, starting with the dispatch of the Zaytun Division to Iraq, South Korean troops have experienced new battlefield environments through Multi-national Force Peace Operation (MNF PO) and secured momentum for improving their ability to carry out independent operations and strengthening the capacity to perform combined operations with the allies through the dispatch of such troops as the Akh Unit to non-conflict zones for Defense Cooperation Activities (DCA). In particular, with changes in the international security environment, where the number of non-traditional security threats such as international terrorism increases in addition to disputes between countries in the global era, the role of the Cheonghae Unit in ensuring the safety of its people from piracy, performing joint maritime operations with major countries and contributing to international maritime peace and security in the face of conflicts between the US and Iran has been highlighted again. Therefore, in the future, flexible approaches are needed for the diversification of overseas dispatch to perform additional missions in the temporarily expanded operation areas as in the dispatch of the Cheonghae Unit, a multi-national force. In this regard, this paper proposes major tasks and paradigm shifts for overseas dispatches in consideration of the expansion of roles and missions of multi-national forces such as PKO and Cheonghae Unit in the changing international security environment, and the current national defense and security environment characterized by reductions in the armed forces due to low birthrates. In the light of national defense and security environment at home and abroad in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is desirable to actively review the diversification of dispatching Korean troops, such as expanding tech-oriented troop contribution, breaking away from the conventional engineer-oriented dispatch.

Evaluation of Three Multiplex Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasopharyngeal Swabs

Yun Jiwon,Park Jae Hyeon,Kim Namhee,Roh Eun Youn,Shin Sue,Yoon Jong Hyun,Kim Taek Soo,Park Hyunwoong 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.48

Background: In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era, the simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus (Flu), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is important in the rapid differential diagnosis in patients with respiratory symptoms. Three multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays have been recently developed commercially in Korea: PowerChek™ SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A&B Multiplex Real-time PCR Kit (PowerChek; KogeneBiotech); STANDARD™ M Flu/SARS-CoV-2 Real-time Detection Kit (STANDARD M; SD BioSensor); and Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2/FluA/FluB/RSV Assay (Allplex; Seegene). We evaluated the analytical and clinical performances of these kits. Methods: A limit of detection tests were performed and cross-reactivity analysis was executed using clinical respiratory samples. Ninety-seven SARS-CoV-2-positive, 201 SARS-CoV-2- negative, 71 influenza A-positive, 50 influenza B-positive, 78 RSV-positive, and 207 other respiratory virus-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were tested using the three assays. The AdvanSure™ respiratory viruses rRT-PCR assay (AdvanSure; LG Life Sciences) was used as a comparator assay for RSV. Results: Except in influenza B, in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, there were no significant differences in detecting specific genes of the viruses among the three assays. All three kits did not cross-react with common respiratory viruses. All three kits had greater than 92% positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement and ≥ 0.95 kappa value in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and flu A/B. Allplex detected RSV more sensitively than AdvanSure. Conclusion: The overall performance of three multiplex rRT-PCR assays for the concurrent detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and RSV was comparable. These kits will promote prompt differential diagnosis of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV infection in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Significance and Challenges of NORTH KOREA’s Railway Development: Focusing on the Connection of Inter-Korean and Chinese-Russian Border Railways

Jiwon Yun,Youngjun Jo J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to examine the significance and challenges of the main-railway and sub-road system of North Korea, which has received greater attention since the Panmumjom Declaration adopted on April 27, 2018, and to investigate the political, diplomatic and security implications of cooperation of the inter-Korean and Chinese-Russian border railways. Method: For better analysis, as a major research method, the existing academic papers related to North Korea including literature reviews considering the characteristics of research on North Korean railways, and data from the Ministry of Unification and main state-run research institutes. Researches on the inter-Korean railway and trans-continental railway connections have accumulated in academic circles, government agencies and research institutes from 2000 to this day. Results: Despite these various advantages, it is the most urgent task to resolve North Korea’s nuclear issue and lift economic sanctions against North Korea. After the breakdown of the 2019 North Korea-United States Summit in Hanoi at the end of February, the North Korea-U.S. relations reached a stalemate, and the international com-munity’s extensive sanctions have continued. The connection of inter-Korean railways and the opening of China-Russia border regions are major arteries of the North Korean economy and serve as the basis for industrialization, urbanization and modernization, but they can be made possible only via active multilateral economic support and cooperation from the international community. Conclusion: The connection of inter-Korean and China-Russia railways not only has economic ripple effects, but also is subjected to political, diplomatic and security factors with relevant countries. North Korea’s rail mod-ernization has its significance in that it helps to form the foundation for North Korea’s economic growth, escape isolation from the international community, ease tensions on the Korean peninsula, prevent border disputes be-tween China and Russia, promote economic development, lift U.S sanctions against North Korea, and expand the possibility of advancing into the Asia-Pacific and Eurasia regions. As the expansion of international cooperation and participation of the international community may lead to the opening of the closed North Korean society and the instability of the Kim Jong-un regime, questions still arise as to whether North Korea will select such interna-tional cooperation.

Increasing the SPACE SECURITY Power and Its Challenges for the Republic of Korea Air Force in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Jiwon Yun,Sangwoo Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to explore aerospace power development strategies promoted by the Republic of Korea Air Force(ROKAF), and to examine the necessity and tasks of strengthening space power, focusing on the main content of Air Force Quantum 5.0, an innovative task for ROKAF from the perspective of smart national defense innovation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR) era. The main contents of the 4IR and the concept of space power dealt with in Air Force Quantum 5.0 were set as the scope of research. Method: For better analysis, as part of case studies, the article is to analyze literature with a focus on research analysis materials regarding the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, policy reports on Air Force Quantum 5.0 promoted by the ROKAF, and academic papers. Results: It is required for the ROKAF to establish an advanced power system for aerospace operations in re-sponse to future warfare, such as securing key leading technologies for weapon systems using 4IR technologies, identifying military capabilities and core forces, reflecting them in the future force integration, and promoting civil-military R&D cooperation systems. It also needs to establish a space command and take the lead in the future joint battlefield area in order to establish itself as a space powerhouse like the surrounding powers, including the United States and China. Conclusion: This article concluded that in order for the ROKAF to further respond to uncertain security threats, consider work innovation and combat power enhancement, overcome increasing challenge factors such as the deepening shortages of military service resources, and adapt to the future battle field environment, advanced 4IR technologies should be applied in all branches of the air force to ensure the military remains sophisticated and intelligent, and to speed up the promotion of high-efficient aerospace operation systems and defense operation environment.