홧병 경험군과 홧병 비경험군간의 홧병의 질병개념에 대한 비교연구

홍진표,김창윤,이창화,김성윤,박인호,이철,한오수 울산대학교 의과대학 1995 울산의대학술지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective The concept of Hwa-byung in terms of illness entity remains vague. In order to clarify such illness entity, this study was conducted to find out differences and similarities in subjects who experienced Hwa-byung and those who did not experienced Hwa-byung from a wide distribution within the general population. Method (1) Test Material The questionnaires were made up with reference to previously published articles on Hwa-byung, to SCL-90-R and to diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅲ-R. The questionnaires included the subject's demographic variables, their awareness of Hwa-byung, their experience of Hwa-byung, and also their opinions about its possible causes, precipitating factors, symptomatology, effective treatment modalities, course and prognosis of Hwa-byung. Such questionnaires were given to 50 subjects, all of whom are psychiatric out-patients at Asan Medical Center, for determining its validity and reliability before selecting 27 questionnaires. (2) Subject Subjects were recruited from among patients and their family members who visited the out-patient clinics of seven different departments at Asan Medical Center in Seoul a large metropolis (N=334), the out-patient clinics of seven different departments of Hae Sung General Hospital in the industrial city of Ulsan, Korea (N=299) and the seven branches of the public health center of Yeonchun county, Korea (N=262), a rural area. From these 895 subjects, 67 subjects who don't know about Hwa-byung and 34 subjects who didn't answered to the question on experience were eliminated from study subjects. The final number of study subjects was 794. (3) Methods of analysis The subjects were divided into the Hwa-byung experienced group and the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. The demographic data and the concepts of Hwa-byung were statistically analyzed by the student t-test or the chi-sq test. Results and Discussion The mean age of the Hwa-byung experienced group is significantly higher than that of the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. MOre women experienced Hwa-byung than men and lesser educated subjects experienced significantly more Hwa-byung. The place of residence, the place of upbringing and socioeconomic status have no significant difference statistically between the two groups. Both groups considered the primary cause of Hwa-byung as being psychological origin. However in the Hwa-byung experienced group, more subjects considered that the supernatural factor was the primary cause of Hwa-byung. One of the primary precipitating events causing Hwa-byung in both groups is conflict in interpersonal relationships ; however, the Hwa-byung inexperienced group exhibited more experiences in the realm of economical losses such as "failure of business" or "loss of capital" as precipitating factors causing Hwa-byung. Both groups consider that the symptoms of Hwa-byung are a combination of multiple physical and mental symptoms. With particular respect to in mental symptoms, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and hostility are thought to be prominent features. As effective treatment modalities, subjects in both groups consider that both himself and his family members should make effort to resolve intrafamilial conflicts. But in contrast with the Hwa-byung inexperienced group, the Hwa-byung experienced group requires more concrete and more attention-giving modalities as important treatment strategies. The Hwa-byung experienced group considers its prognosis more grave than the Hwa-byung inexperienced group.

뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활동작, 우울과 삶의 질의 관계

김원옥 ( Won Ock Kim ),강현숙 ( Hyun Sook Kang ),왕명자 ( Jmyung Ja Wang ),김정화 ( Jeong Hwa Kim ),최진이 ( Jin Yi Choi ) 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2007 동서간호학연구지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활동작, 우울, 삶의 질의 관계를 파악하고자 하는 서술적 조사 연구로서 일상생활동작,’ 우울, 삶의 질 정효〉 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 본 안구의 주요한 결과를 중심으로 다음과 같이 고찰하였다. 뇌졸중 환자들의 일상활동 수행능력을 측정하는 도 구로 FIM, Modificd Barthel Index (MBI) 등이 많이 쓰 이고 있는데 FIM은 분야에 상관없이 표준화를 통한 높은 실용성,실행성, 이해도로· 인하여 널리 사. 하고 있는 도구로 이를 이용하여 측정한 본 연구에서는 872점으로 국내에서 만성 뇌졸중 환자와 퇴원 시 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 측정한 85. 9점 (Hw떼g, 2004) 과 85. 3점 (Kim, 2004) , 85. 8점 (Hong et al., 1998) 에 비하 여 약간 높아졌으나 비슷하였고, 일본 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 한 연구의 77. 1점보다는 높은 결과이었다 (Hama et al., 2007) . 특히 하부역역인 운동영역은 다 른 연구에 비해 높았으나 인지영역은 다른 연구에 비 해 낮은 편이었다 (Hwang, 2004二 Hama et al. , 2007, Hong 嫩 al. , 200긱 Kim, 2004) . 미국의 지역사회시설 에 있는 뇌졸중이 처음 발병한 환자들을 대상으로 재 활 후 5년간 환자를 추적한 연구에서 3년 후까지는 FIM점수가 상승하였으나 그 이후 감소되는 양상을 보였고 본 연구에서는 친단 후 경과 기간이 35.5개월 (87.2점)로 퇴원 후 3년 된 시점의 결과no도4점) 와 비교하였을 때 낮은 편이었다〈 Leonard, Mnler, Griffiths, Mcclatchie, & wherry, 1998) . 이러한 결과는 지역사 회와 집에서 간호를 받고 있는 뇌졸중 환자들에게 지속적인 재활 프로그램의 필요성이 높다는 것을 시사 한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 입원을 한 직후부티 환 자에게 적절한 재활프로그램을 계획하여 시작하고 퇴원 후에는 연계되어 재활을 받을 수 있는 시설과 연결하여 환자가 지속적으로 재활을 할 수 있도록 돕는 병원과 지역사회가 공동으로 개발하고 시행하는 개활프로그램이 필요하다. 우울은 뇌졸중을 진단 받은 환자들의 급성기와 회 복기에 많이 동반되는 증상으로 본 연구에서도 CES- D를 이용하여 우울을 측정한 결과 23. 8점으로 Bak (2003) 의 연구와 비슷한 정도로 높게 측정되어 이 전의 연구결과와 같이 뇌졸중 환자의 가장 흔한 후유 증이 우울임을 다시 확인할 수 있었다 (Cho et al. 2003, `` Chon & Rhee, 1992, `` Kim, 2005, `` Kim, Seo, & Kang, 2000; singh et al. , 2000) . 그러므로 입원 시부터 신체적인 증상 뿐 아니라 우울도 같이 사정하고 우울이 진행되지 않도록 지속적인 관찰과 정서적인 간호가 뇌졸중 환자를 위한 재활프로그램에 포함이 되어야 한다. 삶의 질은 3 ``03점으로 뇌졸중 환자 l이명을 대상으로 한 chung (2000) 의 연구에서 의 3. 41점보다는 낮았으나 Kim과 Kim (2003) 의 연구의 3. 17점과는 비슷하였고 전체적으로 낮은 편이었다. 이런 결과는 최근 의학기술의 발전으로 뇌졸중으로 인한 사망률이 감소 되고 만성적인 뇌졸중 환자가 증가함에도 불구하고 재가뇌졸중 환자들에 대한 재활과 관리가 효과적으로 이루어지지 않고 있음으로 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 뇌졸중과 삶의 질은 단기간에 향상되는 것이 아니므로 개활 프로그램이 단기적인 것보다는 체계적으로 계획되고 지속적으로 수행되어져 삶의 질을 관찰하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 일상생활 동작을 잘 할수록 우울점수가 낮게 나타났고 삶의 질 정도가 높게 나타났다. 그리고 우 울 정도가 심할수록 삶의 질 정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 뇌졸중 환자들에 대한 선행연구결과들을 살 펴보면 뇌졸중은 일상생활동작 수행과 같은 신체적인 문제, 우울, 대인관계 감소 등의 사회적 문제가 발생 되고 장기적인 치료와 간호를 요구하는 질병으로서 최종적으로. 삶의 질이 저하되는 것을 보고하고 있다 (Chung, 2000; Hama et al. , 2007, `` Ingrid, Kwakkel, Bruin, & Lindeman, 2007; Khan, 2004; Kim & Kim, 2003; singh et al. , 2007) . 이러한 연구 결과는 일상생활동작, 우울, 삶의 질이 단계적으로 순환되는 관계로 서 모두 뇌졸중환자를 위한 재활프로그램 내용에 포함되어야 함을 의미한다. 이런 연구결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 뇌졸중은 환자 의 뇌손상을 일으켜 장기적인 우울과 신체적인 기능 장애를 발생시킬 가능성이 높으므로 뇌졸중 환자의 재활프로그램은 입원을 하자마자 계획하여 치료와 동 시에 시작하고 특히 우울은 뇌졸중의 만성적인 건강 문제로 재활과정을 방해할 수 있으므로 신체적인 중 재와 더불어 정서적인 중재를 포함한 포괄적인 내용 의 프로그램이 바람직하고 장기적으로 삶의 질을 평 가함이 바랑직할 것이다. 또한 뇌졸중은 장기적인 재 활이 요구되는 질환이므로 단기간의 재활 프로그램을 병원에서만 시행하는 것이 아니라 퇴원 후 병원과 지 역 사회에서 연계하여 치료적인 연속성을 가지고 유지 할 수 있는 재활 프로그램의 개발이 반드시 필요할 것이 라고 본다. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among stroke patients`` activities of daily living(ADL), depression, and quality of life(QOL). Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 251 stroke patients at 5 hospitals and 2 public health centers in Seoul and Kyonggi-Do. The following Questionnaires were utilized for this study: Functional independence measure(FIM) from Grange, Hamilton, and Sherwin(1986), the Korean CES-D scale from Randloff(1977), and quality of life scale from Bang, Hwal-Lan(1991). Results: Data were analyzed using the pearson correlation, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 12.0. The results of this study were as follow; The subjects consisted of 110 females and 141 males. The mean score of activity of daily living was 87.2(range 18-126). Age, family history, comorbidity, paralysis site, and duration after diagnosis were significantly associated with activity of daily living. The mean score of depression was 23.8(range 11-44). Age, gender, education, and job were significantly associated with depression. The mean score of quality of life scale was 3.0(range 1-5). Gender, religion, education, job, economic status, and duration after diagnosis were significantly associated with quality of life. Relationships among activity daily living, depression, and quality of life scale: The activity of daily living had a negative relationship with depression score. The activity of daily living had a positive relationship with QOL score. The depression had a negative relationship with QOL score. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is necessary to run rehabilitation programs to improve stroke patients`` ADL, depression. Also, it research for of identifying stroke patients`` quality of life according to rehabilitation program.

Film Session Q&A 2 : 05 ; How to remove a huge ovarian tumor in single port laparoscopic surgery using XXXL endopouch

( Jin Hwa Lee ),( Ga Won Yim ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sung Hoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.100 No.-

목적: Demonstrate a new instrument, technique or procedure 방법: In this video, we showed how to remove huge ovarian tumors in sinlgel port laparoscopic surgery by SW KIM`s method. SW KIM`s method is the technique to put a huge ovarian tumor into a specially designed extremely large endopouch (XXXL: 30x30㎠sized) using two conventional laparoscopic needle holders and one laparoscopic grasper and gravity by changing the patient`s position. After identifying the infundibulopelvic and uteroovarian ligaments salpingooophorectomy including huge ovarian tumor was performed by LigaSure. And then ovarian tumor was located in the pelvic cavity by changing the patient`s position into reverse-trendelenberg position and a XXXL endopouch was inserted and un-rolled inside the abdominal cavity. To insert a huge tumor into the XXXL endopouch, the endopouch was opened in triangular shape. Bilateral apex of baseline of trianglular opening of the endopouch was hold by two needle holders and then the upper apex was hold by a grasper. After holding three point of endopouch opeing, the patient`s position was changed into deep trendelenberg postion, then the tumor came into the endopouch by gravity. While changing the patient`s position, 2 needle holders and a graspers were moved into the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Aftere identifying the tumor inside the endopouch, tumors could be removed through the single port opening site or transvaginally in laparoscopic hysterectomy case without spillage of ovarian tumor. 결과: The advantage of SW KIM`s method is to remove ovarian tumor without spillage in a single port laparoscopic surgery by putting it into the large endoscopic bag despite narrow space. 결론: Using a specially designed 30×30 cm sized XXXL Endopouch and SW Kim`s technique, huge ovarian tumors could be removed without spillage in single port laparoscopic surgery.

65세 이상의 노령층에서 고지혈증의 위험요인

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,김세훈,김승수,김승훈,김영록,김웅빈,이성수 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

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2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

일 대학병원 간호사의 처방전달체계에 대한 만족도 및 적응도

김진화,김은영,김진선 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Background and Objectives: Little is known about the effects of the implemented health information system. The purposes of this study were to examine the nurses' evaluation, satisfaction, and adaptation on order communication system (OCS) in a university hospital. Method: For this descriptive correlational study, data were collected from 185 nurses using a structured questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis were used. Results: Nurses evaluated that the appropriateness of OCS was relatively low, but they reported that OCS had increased the efficiency of their work and quality of care they had been providing. The respondents' satisfaction and adaptation on OCS were relatively lower than those of previous studies. Nurses' satisfaction on OCS was significantly different by age and marital status. Older and married nurses reported higher satisfaction than their counterparts. Conclusion: There might be great needs to improve nurses' satisfaction and adaptation on OCS. OCS should be improved more user friendly and conveniently to increase users' satisfaction and adaptation. Moreover, comprehensive health information system including nursing information system needs to be developed.

Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

산후에 발병한 특발성 부갑상선 기능저하증 I 예

김정인,김상용,신병철,김경남,서영욱,이범주,김진화,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Hypoparathyroidism is usually the result of an inadvertent surgical removal of all the parathyroid glands, In some instances, not all the tissues are removed, but the remainder undergoes vascular supply compromise secondary to the fibrotic changes in the neck after surgery, Previously, the surgery for hyperthyroidism was the most frequent cause of acquired hypoparathyroidism. Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is a relatively rare disease that is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to a parathyroid hormone deficiency of an unknown cause, It usually develops at a young age, and shows various clinical symptoms and signs accompanied with hypocalcemia. In addition, it is rarely associated with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome during the follow-up. Hypocalcemia and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with labor and lactation are rarely reported condition previously. We here describe a case of a woman in whom the symptomatic severe hypocalcemia appeared after her delivery. We reviewed all the previously reported cases and suggest a possible physiological explanation for the association between pregnancy, lactation, and the appearance of symptomatic hypocalcemia.

여호와의 증인 환자에서 산과적 출혈 후 무수혈 치료 2예

김재령,여소진,이해혁,김정식,김태희,남계현,이권해,이임순,박진화,황경호 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Jehovah's Witness comprise a unique obstetric population. Their refusal of blood stems from an interpretation of a literal translation of the Bible, and it is this belief that puts them at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality if hemorrhage occurs. We report two cases of a Jehovah's Witness who bled massively due to obstetric hemorrhage, refused blood transfusion and had profound anemia. The patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin, parenteral iron and oxygen. And they were treated on an intensive care unit with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. We reviewed with literature considering the therapy for acutely anemic patients who refuse transfusion to decrease the duration of the most severe anemia.

농업인 교육 프로그램 분석

김진모,김진군,마상진,전영욱,이진화,주현미 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구는 농업인을 대상으로 한 교육 프로그램의 내용 및 방법을 살펴봄으로써 향후 농업인 교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있었다. 농업인 교육프로그램 분석을 위한 개념적 틀은 관련문헌에 대한 고찰과 수집 자료에 대한 귀납적 분석을 통해 개발되었다. 그 결과, 8가지의 기관 유형, 17가지의 프로그램 내용 영역, 5가지의 교육방법, 3가지의 교육인원, 3가지의 교육기간이 도출되었다. 분석대상은 총 173개 기관의 2,483개 프로그램이었다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라의 농업인 교육은 국가기관 및 기술센터 등의 정부기관 주도로 이루어지고 있었다. 둘째, 재배/사육기술, 생활개선 및 농촌건강관리, 정보획득 등의 내용이 주요 교육내용으로 다루어지고 있었다. 셋째, 각 기관 유형별로 비중 있게 다루는 주요 교육내용에 있어서 다소 차이가 있었다. 넷째, 농업인 교육프로그램에서 활용되는 교육방법은 대체적으로 강의에 편중되어 있었다. 다섯째, 교육인원에 있어 중규모와 대규모 인원의 비중이 상대적으로 높았으며, 1 대 1 개별 교육은 전혀 없는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 1일 혹은 3일 이상 이루어지는 교육의 비중이 상대적으로 높았으며, 2일 동안 이루어지는 교육의 비중은 비교적 낮은 편이었다. The purposes of this study were to analyze the farmer education programs in Korea, and to get implications for further program development. The framework for the analysis was developed through extensive literature review and an inductive method. As a result, eight types of organizations for farmer education, seventeen content domains of programs, five instructional methods, three categories of program participant size, and three categories of program period were derived. The subjects of analysis were 2,483 programs of 173 farmer education organizations. The major findings were as follows: 1) Farmer education programs of Korea were led by government agencies such as national organizations and extension agencies. 2) The content domains of cultivating/raising techniques, improvement of life quality and farmer health care, and information acquisition were relatively highly dealt with. 3) Main contents which were dealt with by each type of farmer education organization were differentiated. 4) In terms of instructional method, a lecture had the highest portion in most contents domains. 5) The portion of the middle size and large size of participants was relatively higher than others. And there are no programs which used one by one teaching method. 6) The portion of programs for 1 day or 3days was relatively higher, and the portion of programs for 2 days was lower.