Understanding the attitudes toward sunless tanning product use: implication of tanning product consumption

Jeong‑Ju Yoo,Hyeon Jeong Cho 한국의류학회 2018 Fashion and Textiles Vol.5 No.1

The goal of this study is to test the antecedents of overall attitudes toward sunless tanning product use. The data collected from 302 US female college students with an average age of 20.11 were included in the analysis. A structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results revealed that body surveillance and social ostracism influenced the individuals’ cutaneous body image dissatisfaction, which also influenced perceived attractiveness and fitness of tanned appearance. Perceived tanning attractiveness and perceived tanning physical fitness positively influences attitudes toward tanning product use. It is evident that seeing one’s own body through the lens of others is at the root of positive attitudes toward sunless tanning products. Positive attitudinal changes toward sunless tanning products can be successfully established emphasizing sunless tanning products as fashion consumption. The findings in this study have important relevance, in that tanning products can be marketed as cosmetic appearance-enhancement products for people to look attractive, toned, and fit.

Risk of Overestimation of Renal Function Using Estimated GFR in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

( Jeong-juyoo ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Bora Lee ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Young Don Kim ),( Gab Jin Cheon ),( Boo Sung Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: In the clinical context of the patients with liver cirrhosis, accurate evaluation of the renal function is potentially crucial. Serum creatinine (SCr) is widely used to estimate glomerular fitration rate (GFR), but discrepancy between measured GFR (mGFR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) in cirrhotic patients has not been evaluated yet. In this study, we compared performance of two common eGFR formula compared with mGFR, and evaluated factors associated with overestimation of renal function in cirrhotic patients. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive 458 patients who were diagnosed as liver cirrhosis. 51Cr-EDTA was used for assessing actual GFR and eGFR was calculated by two different formulas; i) Modification of Diet and Renal Disease equation (MDRD), ii) CKD-EPI cystatin C equation. eGFR increase by more than 10% of mGFR in each patient was defined as overestimation of GFR. Sarcopenia was defined as an L3 skeletal muscle index of ≤38.5cm2/m2 for women and ≤52.4 cm2/m2 for men using computed tomography. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with overestimation of renal function. Results: Mean age of the patients was 53.6±11.5 years and 76.6% were male. Mean SCr was 1.1±0.9mg/dL, and the mean eGFR was 81.8±25.8ml/min by MDRD and 87.3±29.9ml/min by cystatin C. The mean mGFR was 76.0±26.6ml/min, which was significantly lower than eGFR. Cystatin C-eGFR showed better correlation and performance with mGFR compared with MDRD-eGFR (R 0.58 vs. R 0.48). MDRD-eGFR overestimated mGFR among 47% of the patients with liver cirrhosis. A multivariate analysis showed that male gender (hazard ratio [HR〕 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI〕 1.03-2.56; P=0.04) and Child-Pugh class (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.89-5.80; P<0.001) were independent risk factors associated with overestimation of renal function, but not associated with sarcopenia (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.56-2.36; P=0.09). Conclusions: In patients with cirrhosis, overestimation of the GFR is common when using SCr and creatinine clearance. Isotopic measurement of GFR or eGFR by cystatin C rather than SCr can be more useful when greater accuracy is required, especially in patients with impaired liver function or male gender.

Clinical Characteristics of HBV/HCV Co-infection Over HCV Mono-infection Based on a Real-life Cohort

( Jeong-juyoo ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Kyung-ah Kim ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Woo Jin Chung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Byungseok Lee ),( Sook-hyang Jeong ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is found approximately 2-10% of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. However, the clinical relevance of HBV/HCV co-infection for disease severity, long term outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment efficacy are still under debate. In this study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and the treatment outcomes of HBV/HCV co-infection in comparison of HCV mono-infection. Methods: A total of 1,238 patients with treatment naive, firstly diagnosed CHC were enrolled from 7 tertiary hospitals in Korea from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011. Among them, 47(3.8%) HBsAg-positive CHC patients were detected. Clinical and virologic characteristics, interferon- based treatment rate and treatment efficacy, and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated. Results: HBV/HCV co-infectees showed a lower mean age (57.4±10.2 years vs. 62.6±13.9 years, P<0.05) and higher proportion of male (64% vs. 50%, P=0.038) than HCV mono-infectees. Half of the co-infected patients (46.8%) had baseline HBV DNA level less than 2,000 IUL/mL and 23% of were positive for HBeAg. HCV genotype 1 and 2 was observed in 50% and 45%, respectively. Antiviral treatment was initiated in 56% of the co-infected patients, which was not different from that of HCV mono-infected group. Though 73% of patients who underwent antiviral treatment experienced adverse events, one fourth (26.3%) withdrew the treatment. The overall sustained virologic response rates were 65% and 86% in genotypes 1 and 2, respectively, which were similar to those of HCV mono-infected group. The incidence of HCC was 7.7% in co-infected group compared with 8.3% in mono-infected during a median 26 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV/HCV co-infection in Korea was 3.8% showing younger and male-dominant feature. The clinical characteristics and the treatment efficacy were similar to that of HCV mono-infection. The comparative HCC incidence during follow-up will be presented. Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is found approximately 2-10% of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. However, the clinical relevance of HBV/HCV co-infection for disease severity, long term outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment efficacy are still under debate. In this study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and the treatment outcomes of HBV/HCV co-infection in comparison of HCV mono-infection. Methods: A total of 1,238 patients with treatment naive, firstly diagnosed CHC were enrolled from 7 tertiary hospitals in Korea from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011. Among them, 47(3.8%) HBsAg-positive CHC patients were detected. Clinical and virologic characteristics, interferon- based treatment rate and treatment efficacy, and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated. Results: HBV/HCV co-infectees showed a lower mean age (57.4±10.2 years vs. 62.6±13.9 years, P<0.05) and higher proportion of male (64% vs. 50%, P=0.038) than HCV mono-infectees. Half of the co-infected patients (46.8%) had baseline HBV DNA level less than 2,000 IUL/mL and 23% of were positive for HBeAg. HCV genotype 1 and 2 was observed in 50% and 45%, respectively. Antiviral treatment was initiated in 56% of the co-infected patients, which was not different from that of HCV mono-infected group. Though 73% of patients who underwent antiviral treatment experienced adverse events, one fourth (26.3%) withdrew the treatment. The overall sustained virologic response rates were 65% and 86% in genotypes 1 and 2, respectively, which were similar to those of HCV mono-infected group. The incidence of HCC was 7.7% in co-infected group compared with 8.3% in mono-infected during a median 26 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV/HCV co-infection in Korea was 3.8% showing younger and male-dominant feature. The clinical characteristics and the treatment efficacy were similar to that of HCV mono-infection. The comparative HCC incidence during follow-up will be presented.