Molecular Genetic Typing of Legionella pneumophila Strains Isolated in Jejudo, Korea

Byoung Jun Kim,Chan Geun Park,Hee-Youn Kim,Chang-Su Han,Sung yob Kim,Su-Young Kim,Jaechun Lee,Seong-Chul Hong,Keun-Hwa Lee 대한미생물학회 2010 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.40 No.3

China's Policy for Climate Change and Human Rights

Kim Jaechun(김재천) 한국공공정책학회 2010 공공정책연구 Vol.17 No.2

중국의 부상과 함께‘글로벌 거버넌스(Global Governance)’에서의 중국의 역할에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 특히 기후변화와 인권에 관한 중국의 내외(內外) 정책은 이러한 이슈영역을 관리하는 글로벌 거버넌스의 명운에 지대한 영향을 끼칠 것이다. 본 연구는 기후변화와 인권에 관해 중국이 취해온 일련의 내외 정책을 살펴본다. 기후변화와 인권 정책을 수립하고 실행함에 있어 중국이 직면해온 문제점과 과제들을 분석하고, 이러한 문제점들이 글로벌 거버넌스에서의 중국 의 역할을 어떻게 규정지었는지 고찰한다. 기후변화를 초래하는 그린가스 배출에 관한 국제협약에 관한 중국과 서구세계의 입장은 상이하다. 하지만 중국이 지속 가능한 성장에 관심을 보이고 있고 기후변화를 다루는 국제회의와 레짐(regime)에 적극적인 입장을 취하고 있는 점을 감안한다면, 세계 공공재의 대표격이라고 할 수 있는 환경과 기후문제에 보다 전향적인 자세를 취할 것으로 기대할 수 있고 서구세계와의 입장차도 좁혀나갈 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 인권문제는 중국의 체제유지와 밀접한 관계가 있어 서구세계의 요구를 대폭 수용하기 용이하지 않다. 그러나 중국은 최근 인권에 관한 국제회의와 규약과 레짐에 점진적인 관심을 보이고 있고, 국제사회가 중국이 경험한 독특한 개발경험을 존중한다면 인권에 관한 글로벌 거버넌스에 중국이 점차적인 협조를 제공할 수도 있을 것이다. 중국도 이러한 정책영역을 다루는 글로벌 거버넌스에서의 전향적 역할이 체제안정과 지속적 경제성장과 대치되는 개념이 아니라는 것을학습하고 있다. As China is rapidly integrating into the international system, and its role in global governance has become increasingly important. China’s policy with regard to climate change and human rights has great ramifications for global governance on those issue areas. This research summarizes the domestic and foreign policies that China has pursued in ‘climate change’ and ‘human rights.’ Particular attention is paid to analyzing the very nature of challenges that China is faced with and how they have influenced China’s role in global governance. China’s position on binding emissions reduction commitments is at variance with that of many western countries. Some of the demands that China has put forward at international conferences on climate change are not easily acceptable to the US and the EU. Nevertheless, as long as China remains as active participant, it is expected that China and the developed countries would work together and sort out the differences to cope with the dangers of climate change. China’s conception of human rights is much at odds with that of international community. China in recent years have joined a number of international agreements on human rights and taken meaningful measures to improve human rights situations within its border. A future in which China fully embraces environment protection and human rights issues will require creative approaches to integrate the goal of continued growth and stability with the role of more responsible member of international community. International community should be more patient with China and understand the particular situation where China is in at this particular stage of development. Embracing a more proactive and responsible role in global governance does not necessarily have to come at the expense of continued growth and stability.

Democratic Peace and Covert War - A Case Study of the U.S. Covert War in Chile

Jaechun Kim 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2005 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.12 No.1

  A body of scholarly work organized around "Democratic Peace" demonstrates that democracies rarely if ever wage war against other democracies, although occasionally they may do so against non-democracies. The United States (U.S.), however, has engaged in covert wars against other democratically-elected governments. Do the so-called Democratic Peace findings carry over to the somewhat murkier realm of covert war? By analyzing the U.S. covert war against Chile in the early 1970s, this paper looks for implications of covert wars waged between democracies for Democratic Peace scholarship. Arguably, there are two strands of causal logic to Democratic Peace. One attributes the absence of war among democracies to democratic institutional constraints: the restraining effects of public opinions or those of the checks and balances embedded in a democratic state"s domestic political institutions (institutional/structural explanation). Other theories posit that democratic norms and culture ─ peaceful conflict resolution norms and culture shared by elites ─ account for the absence of war between democratic states (normative/cultural explanations). If the nonviolent norms of elites in democracies were sufficient, the U.S. should not have resorted to covert war as well as overt war to resolve conflict with democratic Chile. The paper demonstrates that the findings on the U.S. covert war against Chile undermine the cultural/normative explanation of Democratic Peace.

A Design of Evaluation Framework for the Assets and Insolvency Prediction Depending on the Industry Type Using Data Standardization based on the Forensic Readiness

Jaechun Kim,Youngjun Son,Mokdong Chung 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.4

In this paper, analysis scenario, detection and risk and the negative risk classification and measurement industry through Analysis of data for types of topics, including through change according to the situation in Predictive Evaluation and Monitoring Forensic by designing ICANN-based frame based, focusing the arrangements. The proposed system is business through links to the existing legacy systems and operates in the insolvency of corporate assets and the Predictive Evaluation of operational, the firm's assets by managing, and Risk Management for efficient and reliable support for such assets, management and recovery for by business interests can be enhanced. Also Forensic data to utilize an analysis, monitoring the standardization of arrangements are based also, Min, Protos, or corporate disputes such as criminal proceedings for gathering evidence through the data .It can prevent accidents and civil affairs and others, we can provide. For corporations as well as the situation of the Enterprise during system operation and can be verified by analysis of data, by providing the framework that can provide cost, and Software reuse can do.

Religious Nationalism and India’s Policy toward the US and China: A Second Image Analysis of India’s Hedging Policy

( Jaechun Kim ),( William Kang ),( In-ae Joo ) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌정치연구소 2019 글로벌정치연구 Vol.12 No.2

Under the leadership of Narendra Modi, India has pursued a hedging policy against China by seeking much closer alignment with the United States and at the same time maintaining stable bilateral diplomatic relations with China. Such policy behavior of Modi’s government is considered deviant from the past foreign policy decisions conducted by the previous Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh. This research argues that one of the key determinants to India’s hedging against China is the political ideology of Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party. The underpinning ideology of Hindu nationalism led the policy decision makers to depart from previous Nehruvian principle and to react more sensitively to India’s security challenges.

Comparing the Power of Korean and American Presidents : An Institutional Perspective

Kim, Jaechun Center for International Studies, Inha University 2004 Pacific Focus Vol.19 No.1

Many observers of Korean politics have worried that the Korean president has wielded lopsided leverage over other political actors and institutions. By comparing "constitutional" and "para-constitutional" features of the Korean and American political systems, this paper assesses the reasons that the Korean presidency has enjoyed overwhelming advantage. Assessment of constitutionally prescribed presidential powers-both legislative and non-legislative-indicates that, compared to the American president, the Korean counterpart possesses strong leverage over the legislature. This paper also suggests that such para-constitutional features of the Korean political system such as "winner-take-all" and the "plebiscitary" nature of the Korean presidential elections and strong party discipline have worked to the advantage of the Korean president. Although no analysis of the political system will be complete without the examination of "institutional" analysis of this paper suggests that Korean politics may move toward a more advanced stage of democracy through adjusting some of the basic institutional arrangements of the country.

Regionalism and Rice Trade in Southeast and Northeast Asia: Making Liberalization Work

Jaechun Kim,Pablo Andres Ramirez 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2014 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.21 No.2

In Southeast and Northeast Asia rice is not just a staple food but a fundamental part of livelihood and also a matter of national security. As such opening the rice market has been a continuously thorny issue for trade negotiations in this region. Although the region has trended toward free trade agreements and economic integration in recent decades, the analysis illustrates that most countries have established a set of robust institutions to safeguard their rice markets. Given the apparent benefits that the rice liberalization could bring to the region, countries should exert concerted efforts to break impasse in rice trade negotiations. This research suggests that efforts to build regional community and rice trade liberalization move in tandem. In order to materialize the benefits of an integrated and liberalized rice market, a regional governance framework that would instill confidence in region’s rice market needs to be established.

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities for Patients with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Jeju Island: Single-Center Retrospective Study

Kim Misun,Heo Sang Taek,Lee Jaechun,Lee Jong Hoo,Kim Miok,Kim Changhwan,Seong Gil Myeong,Kang Myeong Jin,Yoo Jeong Rae 대한감염학회 2024 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.56 No.1

Background The distribution of species and characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) differ, and surveillance data for changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities of NTM is insufficient. This study analyzed the changes in antimicrobial susceptibility trends across NTM species and assessed the appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial drugs for NTM. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, including demographics, distribution of NTM species, antimicrobial drug susceptibilities, and outcomes, at a teaching hospital in Jeju Island from 2009 - 2022. Results Overall, 342 patients were included in the analysis; 93.0% were classified into the pulmonary group (PG) and 7.0% into the extrapulmonary group (EPG). The isolation rate of Mycobacterium avium was significantly higher in PG (36.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.001), while that of Mycobacterium fortuitum was significantly higher in EPG (4.5% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.001). The antimicrobial susceptibility rate is higher against clarithromycin (89.9%) and amikacin (83.3%) and lower against rifampin (54.7%) and ethambutol (28.1%). The susceptibility rate to clarithromycin was over 80%, but those to rifampin and ethambutol showed decreasing annual trends. Of the 162 patients who received empirical antimicrobial therapy, actual antimicrobial susceptibility rates were high (90.1%) using empirical macrolide, and relatively low using ethambutol and rifampin (28.0% and 58.8%, respectively). Conclusion This is the first study of analysis of the distribution, baseline characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated NTM species in pulmonary and extrapulmonary patients in Jeju Island over 10 years. Policies that continuously monitor changes in susceptibility rate are required to ensure effective treatment strategies. Background The distribution of species and characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) differ, and surveillance data for changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities of NTM is insufficient. This study analyzed the changes in antimicrobial susceptibility trends across NTM species and assessed the appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial drugs for NTM. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, including demographics, distribution of NTM species, antimicrobial drug susceptibilities, and outcomes, at a teaching hospital in Jeju Island from 2009 - 2022. Results Overall, 342 patients were included in the analysis; 93.0% were classified into the pulmonary group (PG) and 7.0% into the extrapulmonary group (EPG). The isolation rate of Mycobacterium avium was significantly higher in PG (36.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.001), while that of Mycobacterium fortuitum was significantly higher in EPG (4.5% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.001). The antimicrobial susceptibility rate is higher against clarithromycin (89.9%) and amikacin (83.3%) and lower against rifampin (54.7%) and ethambutol (28.1%). The susceptibility rate to clarithromycin was over 80%, but those to rifampin and ethambutol showed decreasing annual trends. Of the 162 patients who received empirical antimicrobial therapy, actual antimicrobial susceptibility rates were high (90.1%) using empirical macrolide, and relatively low using ethambutol and rifampin (28.0% and 58.8%, respectively). Conclusion This is the first study of analysis of the distribution, baseline characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated NTM species in pulmonary and extrapulmonary patients in Jeju Island over 10 years. Policies that continuously monitor changes in susceptibility rate are required to ensure effective treatment strategies.

U.S. Covert Action in Indonesia in the 1960s - Assessing the Motives and Consequences

Jaechun Kim 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2002 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.9 No.2

  During the Cold War era, covert action served as an important foreign policy instrument of the Us. in its struggle to prevail in the global ideological competition with the former Soviet Union. By analyzing the us. covert action in Indonesia in the months leading up to the i965 coup that toppled Sukarno, this paper explores the motives of the Us. decision making elites who adopted a series of low profile, covert policies - as opposed to an overt confrontationist track - against Summa. The article then assesses the way the Us. policies hammered out the formation of indonesia"s political landscape at this crucial point in indonesian politics. The third part of the article seeks to contrast the long lasting imprint that the us. policies had left in indonesia with the so-called democratic norm of Western democracies that Kennedy called for when instituting the Alliance for Progress. The case analysis suggests that the internal constraint, in the form of domestic political considerations, was one of the critical factors compelling the decision makers in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations to resort to covert action. It also suggests that the us. played an instrumental role in the i965 coup and the genocide that followed. Despite their impressive record of promoting civil liberties at home, the complicity of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations in Indonesia calls into question the democratic norm and humanitarian concern espoused by both administrations.

Sputum Induction with Hypertonic Saline Has No Benefits over Self-expectorated Sputum in the Bacteriologic Confirmation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

( Jaechun Lee ),( Gil Myeong Seong ),( Su Hee Kim ),( Jong Hoo Lee ),( Miok Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-

Backgrounds: The bacteriologic diagnosis in pulmonary tuberculosis is confirmative, even though successful rates in self-ex-pectorated sputum are limited. In the previous studies, sputum specimens induced by hypertonic saline nebulization facilitated bacteriologic diagnosis with higher sensitivity over those from self-expectorated sputum. The benefits of the sputum induction were investigated in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A prospective randomized case-control study in one hospital. The subjects highly suspicious of pulmonary tuber-culosis were asked to provide 3 pairs of sputum specimens in 3 consecutive days. The first pairs of the specimens were obtained either by self-expectoration (SE) from the next day of the visit or sputum induction with 7% saline nebulization at presentation (HS) and the other pairs were collected in the same ways. The samples were used for acid fast bacilli staining, mycobacterial culture and PCR. The outcomes of bacteriologic detections were compared. Results: Seventy one patients were assigned either into SE (35 subjects, age of 52±17, 69% male) and HS (36, 54±17, 47%). Forty one subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis (57.7%) and 3 with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (4.2%) were diagnosed. At presentation, 21 (60%) of SE and 20 (55.6%) of HS revealed scanty amounts of sputum (p=0.705). In the myco-bacterial detection, HS (13 subjects, 36.1%) and SE (13, 37.1%) showed no difference (p=0.928). Consequently, 22 (62.9%) of SE and 19 (52.8%) of HS were clinically diagnosed and treated as pulmonary tuberculosis.