요대(遼代) 선연(鮮演)에 수용된 법장(法藏)의 화엄사상

박은영(지현)(Park, Eun-Young (Ven. Ji-Hyun)) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2018 佛敎學報 Vol.0 No.85

중세 동아시아의 화엄사상은 법장에 의해 대성되고, 징관에 의해 혁신을 거듭한다. 당대(唐代)에 확립된 화엄교학은 이후 북송(北宋)에서는 법장의 화엄학이 중시되었던 반면에, 같은 시기에 요대(遼代)에서는 특히 징관의 화엄학이 중점적으로 연구된다. 따라서 요대에는 법장이 큰 연관이 없는 것 같지만 사실은 요대 화엄학 저술인 선연의 『담현결택기』6권속에서 법장의 사상은 충실히 수용되고 있다. 징관의 『대소』와 『연의초』가 법장을 종지로 받들어 지어진 것이고, 『결택기』가 그것의 주석서인 점에서 볼 때, 『결택기』에는 그 자체로 법장의 사상이 녹아들어 있다고 할 수 있다. 실제 『결택기』에 인용된 문헌 중에는 법장의 저술인 『교의분제장』이 가장 많이 인용되었고, 또 다른 저술인 『지귀』, 『탐현기』, 『기신론의기』도 직접 · 간접적으로 인용되었으며, 선연은 매우 빈번하게 ‘현수의 뜻’을 회통하고 있다. 내용적으로는 『현담』 본문의 제1장 「교장소섭(藏敎所攝)」과 제2장 「의리분제(義理分齊)」부분에서 많이 인용되었는데, 특히 일승과 삼승의 불일불이(不一不異), 동교일승 ․ 별교일승, 5교교판과 십현문 등 화엄일승원교의 의리를 밝히는 데 있어 주요쟁점들을 선연이 법장의 사상을 통해 적극 활용하고 있는 것에서 잘 드러난다. 본 논고에서는 『결택기』에 인용된 법장의 저술과 그 구체적인 내용을 중심으로 해서 선연이 법장의 사상에서 무엇을 강조하고 있고, 석성하고 있는 내용은 무엇인지를 중점적으로 살펴서 선연에게 수용된 법장의 화엄사상을 살펴봄으로써 요대 화엄사상속에서 법장 화엄사상의 위상을 파악하고자 한다. Chinese Buddhism and especially Huayan thought flourished in the Liao dynasty 遼(916-1125) and was based on Chinese translations of Buddhist literature made during the Tang dynasty 唐 (618-907). Huayan Jing Tǎnxuan Juezĕ Ji, written by Xianyǎn 鮮演(1040-1118), was one of the later annotations to the Xuant-1 玄談 from the 20 volumes of Dafang’guangfo Huayan Jing Shu 大方廣佛華嚴經疏 and the 40 volumes of Suishuyanyi Chao 隨疏演義鈔, which was widely known as a distinctive commentary on the 80 volumes of the Avataṃsaka sutra written by Qingliang Chengguan 淸涼 澄觀 (738-839). Juezĕ Ji was annotated for Xuantan 玄談 in a very clear and accurate tone, as the way in which Xianyǎn’s opinions were absorbed in the writing of Chengguan did not include notes or as water permeating into any objects. We are able to see that Juezĕ Ji was annotated in Xianyǎn’s own unique way, which made Chengguan’s writings clear and obvious. Additionally, Juezĕ Ji frequently quoted classic literature, Fa-Tsang 法藏 (643-712) wrote and the number of quotes ranged from twos to score every fascicle. Thus, it can be said that the same way as Xianyǎn was absorbed in Chengguan’s writing, the essence of the Huayan thought of Fa-Tsang was accepted by Xianyǎn from the Liao period in Juezĕ Ji.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Elderly: Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Treatment Efficacy, Safety in Older than 75 Years

( Ji Ho Seo ),( Sunmin Kim ),( Eunae Cho ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Sun Young Park ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun Rew ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The number of elderly patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing because the increase in the longevity of the general population. But there is no proper management based on age stratification in elderly patients. We compared clinical characteristics, outcomes and treatment efficacy, safety between oldest-old (aged more than 85 years), middle-old (aged between 80 and 85 years) and young-old (aged between 75 and 80 years) patients with HCC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, from January 2010 to December 2016, at Chonnam National University Hospital. A total of 550 elderly patients whose data included demographics, co-morbidity, etiology of liver disease, presence of cirrhosis, staging of HCC, treatment modality and treatment related adverse event were evaluated retrospectively. Also overall survival was assessed in enrolled patient. Results: Fifty one patients (oldest-old; median 87 years old), 153 patients (middle-old; median 82 years old) and 346 patients (young-old; median 77 years old) were diagnosed with HCC. Both oldest- and middle-old patients, compared to young-old patients had significantly lower rate of alcohol-related disease (13.7% vs 20.9% vs 34.1%, P = 0.001). There were no significant difference in underlying sex, body mass index, presence of co-morbidity, hepatitis C-related disease and stage of HCC. The Child-Pugh class (CPT class A 88.9% vs 84.1% vs 83.6%, CPT class B 11.1% vs 15.9% vs 15.0% and CPT class C 0.0% vs 0.0% vs 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.912) and Model for End Stage Liver Disease score (mean MELD score 7.22±3.34 vs 5.88±3.01 vs 5.77±3.14, P = 0.166) were no significant difference between the patients with active treatment. The modified UICC staging (stage I 5.6% vs 17.1% vs 18.6%, stage II 55.6% vs 46.3% vs 47.3%, Stage III 22.2% vs 24.4% vs 24.8%, Stage IV-A 11.1% vs 6.1% vs 4.9% and Stage IV-B 5.6% vs 6.1% vs 4.4%, respectively, P = 0.826) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging (stage 0 5.6% vs 9.8% vs 9.3%, stage A 16.7% vs 17.1% vs 22.1%, stage B 27.8% vs 29.3% vs 24.8%, stage C 50.0% vs 43.9% vs 41.2% and stage D 0.0% vs 0.0% vs 2.7%, respectively, P = 0.878) were no significant difference between the patients with active treatment. Furthermore, there were no difference between the age groups in treatment modality (Surgical resection 0.0% vs 3.3% vs 5.2%, P = 0.166; Radiofrequency ablation 2.0% vs 8.5% vs 11.0%, P=0.113; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization 21.6% vs 34.6% vs 41.6%, P=0.014; Best supportive care 62.7% vs 40.5% vs 29.2%, P < 0.001), adverse event related treatment (P = 0.731) and disease-free survival days (329 .3±309.1 days vs 271.7 ± 414.2 days vs 357.2 ± 511.6 days, P = 0.336). Multivariate analysis showed that age, performance status, CTP class, MELD score, modified UICC staging, presence of portal vein thrombosis and ruptured HCC are risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Clinician should make an active treatment in elderly patients with HCC not a age but performance status, liver function and disease status of cancer.

유방암의 위와 대장전이

유현아,김은영,서민지,정은,조민정,오현진,장지혜,박지찬,이정의,박석영 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.2

Gastric metastasis from breast cancer is rare and only six cases have been reported in Korea. Colon metastasis is more rare than gastric metastasis. We report a 63-year-old woman with gastric and colon metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. She was diagnosed as right breast cancer, received right modified radical mastectomy 10 years ago and has been treated with chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Investigating for melena and a small caliber of stool, we found gastric and colon metastases. The diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was made through gross pathologic and immunohistochemistry staining. We report a case with gastric and colon metastases from breast cancer and a review of the associated six case reports in Korea.

Production and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in Chitin Catabolic Cascade from a Bacterial Strain Isolated from Soil

( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Jeong In Lee ),( So Yeon Park ),( Yoo Kyeong Jang ),( You Bin Lim ),( Hye Yoon Lee ),( Young Min Jung ),( Hae Chang Lee ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Shaheen Amna ),( Jae Kweon Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The present study was aimed to isolate the bacteria producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitin deacetylase (CDA) from soil origin. About 24 bacteria were screened for their chitinolytic enzymes producing ability on the basis of colloidal chitin. Amongst one of the most potent isolates designated to JI-02 was further selected as the most prominent chitinolytic and CDAlike enzyme (CDA-X) producer based on the ability of deacetylation of an artificial substrate pNP-acetamilide. The maximum production of CDA-X in crude enzyme from JI-02 was observed in the presence of 1% colloidal chitin at 37°C and pH 6.4 after 120 h of incubation. Potent enzyme activity of CDA-X was determined toward pNP-acetamilide, demonstrating that optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength of the CDA-X were assessed to be 7.0, 52°C and 125 mM, respectively. Unexpectedly, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was not fully converted by the action of CDA-X to glucosamine (GlcN) under the established conditions. Further study on enzyme activity toward chitin-oligosaccharides consisting of multi-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n, n=2-5 may be necessary to elucidate the mode of action which requires the minimum size of (GlcNAc)n. However, our data suggest that CDA-X can convert chitin to chitosan with the maximum yield of approximately 0.08g/L during the fermentation of the strain in the presence of chitin. Furthermore, we found that crude enzyme showed the significant chitosanolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the strain JI-02 may be a potential candidate as a particular strain for better understating of chitin catabolic pathway.

내시경적 조임근절개술후에 발생한 췌십이지장 가성동맥류 1예

박수영,김윤정,박진한,전현수,박시형,이영진,이은지,김지현 仁濟大學校 白病院 2010 仁濟醫學 Vol.31 No.-

We reported a case of pancreatic pseudoaneurysm, involving pancreaticoduodenal artery, developed after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with endoscopic sphinterotomy. A 54 year old woman was transferred to our hospital due to sustained hematochezia and hypovolemia. A week before admission, she underwent ERCP with endoscopic sphinterotomy for acute cholangitis in local clinics. She developed abdominal pain and hematochezia at 12 hours after the procedures. A post procedure contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm in inferior portion of pancreatic head. This was not present on the pre procedure contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen and was thought to arise from the pancreaticoduodenal artery as a complication of the pre sphincterotomy. She was brought to our emergency room in a state of hypovolemia. A upper endoscopy showed active bleeding from ampula of vater. An celiac angiography demonstrated pancreatic pseudoaneurysm involving inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery and selective coil embolization of was performed.

직장 Dieulafoy 병변으로 다량의 혈변을 보인 1 예

김태영;이상헌;김지현;배영환;정은주;김승만;지삼룡;설상영 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Dieulafoy’s lesion is very rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, Deiulafoy’s lesion is exposure of non ulcerative, abnormally large tortuous, thick- walled artery in the muscularis mucosa through a small submucosal defect. It is usullay found on stomach antrum and lesser curvature side of the proximal body, and possibly found on any sites throughout whole gastrointestinal tract, but rarely on rectum. The principal of treating Dieulafoy’s lesion was the surgical resection of lesion, but recently remarkable advances in endoscopic technique make endoscopic approach more popular. We report a case of rectal Dieulafoy’s lesion successfully treated with endoscopic hemoclipping in an elderly female patient.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다

영아식의 종류에 따른 영아의 철분과 아연의 섭취량 및 혈청 농도 고찰 : a review

현태선,민지영,이혜경 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.5 No.-

Although breast milk is the best food for infants, there will always remain a need for good substitutes when breastfeeding is not possible. Most of these substitutes are based on cow milk, but soy milk has been used as an alternative. It is necessary to ascertain that rearing infants on these formulas yields results comparable to those obtained by breastfeeding. Absorption of trace elements such as iron and zinc is well known to be higher from breast milk than from cow milk formula while absorption from soy formula is lower than from cow milk formula. The studies on the contents of iron and zinc in breast milk, cow milk formula and soy formula, and the intakes and blood levels of iron and zinc in infants fed breast milk, cow milk formula and soy formula, and the intakes and blood levels of iron and zinc in infants fed breast milk and cow milk formula were reviewd. The contents of iron and zinc in artificial formulas were higher than those in breast milk, and the intakes lf iron and zinc in infants fed cow milk, formula were higher than those in infants fed breast milk, However, the blood levels of iron in infants fed cow milk formula were significantly lower than those in infants fed breast milk, and there was no significant difference in the blood levels of zinc between infants fed cow milk formula and those fed breast milk. No results have been reported on the iron and zinc nutriture in Korean infants fed soy formula. More research should be focused on the potential consequences of excessive intakes of iron and zinc in infants fed soy formula as well as cow milk formula.

내시경적 절제로 진단된 폴립 형태의 심재성 낭종성 위염 2예

허종현,조영화,성용완,유재훈,구동영,김갑식,노지훈,문원 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.2

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is a disease characterized by hyperplastic and significant extension of cystic dilatation of the gastric mucous glands, which results in a cystic lesion in gastric submucosa. It often occurs on the part of gastroenterostomy, but can be found in the stomach without any previous surgery. GCP has variable gross finding including solitary polyps, diffuse ones, submucosal tumors, and rare giant gastric mucosal fold. It is difficult to tell GCP from a cancerous lesion by gross finding that the disease demands a necessary tissue biopsy, though GCP is commonly showed as a benign in the progress. We report a case of GCP in polypoid types diagnosed by endoscopic polypectomy.