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Hysterographic Study of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device in Ureto
Kwak, Hyun Mo,Ahn, Dong Won 中央醫學社 1972 中央醫學 Vol.22 No.5
The history of intra-uterine contraceptive device reaches back over several decades. However, it was not until 1920's when German physicians began to use this device as the method for the prevention of pregnancy. Although there were variable responses on this method, the effectiveness such device for contraception was well recognized. The main reason against its use was a fear for the complications which might arise after the application. Inflammation, perforation and even carcinomas were feared. Up until 1950's only sporadic interests on this matter appeared in the medical field. With the problems of rocketing population increase, a demand for a safe, easily applicable and effective contraceptive method became very acute. The field of intrauterine contraceptive device investigation was encouragingly enlightened by the publications of Oppenheimer and Ishihama in 1959 who reported much favorable results on the safety and effectiveness of this method. Following this, many pertinent data have accumulated in the world medical literatures concerning IUD and in many parts of the world the polyethylene loop insertion has been accepted as the method of choice. But we have no clear knowledge of the mechanism of action or side effects. Also it is not yet clearly known how this device is behaving in the uterine cavity. This immediately forces us to study of the hysterographic examination of IUD in uterine cavity. MATERIAL AND METHODS All cases were selected among the patients registered in the Family Planning Clinic of Yonsei University College of Medicine. A total of 9,531 lippes loop cases were selected for careful clinical appraisals. Each individual was questioned, inter-IUD thread. The reason that IUD thread were not seen, were due to the IUD distortion and/or displacement either the thread was pulled in to the uterine cavity or the drop out. 8)The hysterpopgraphic examination is one of the effective method for clarifying the presence or absence of IUD in uterus and fitting state of IUD.
Kwak, Hyun-Mo,Chi, I-Cheng,Gardner, Stephen D.,Laufe, Leonard E. 대한생식의학회 1983 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.10 No.1
Women were used as their own controls in the comparison of presterilization and poststerilization menstrual patterns. Five parameters were studied: regularity of cycle length, duration and amount of flow and incidence of dysmenorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding. Three parameters in the electrocoagulation group (regularity of cycle length and duration and amount of flow) and one parameter in the tubal ring group (duration of flow) showed significant changes after sterilization. However, by controlling for the effect of previous contraceptive methods used, no significant menstrual pattern changes following sterilization were discerned in either technique group.