고압 분사용 인젝터의 니들 반응속도에 따른 노즐내부 유동특성 연구

金하늘,李海喆,車京玉 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The PIEZO injector can be operated from high pressure above l800bar, It has a higher driven-efficiency than the existing solenoid-injector. Moreover the atomization of diesel fuel, that is injected by high pressure, can be improved in the engine cylinder. A fast response of needle is carried by the characteristics of piezo-electric actuator in PIEZO injector. In this study, a behavior analysis of the internal flow inside nozzle with a response velocity of needle performed by the numerical method-moving mesh. Before a unsteady analysis, it preceded a steady analysis and a measurement of the fuel injection rate. Also, two results were compared and verified with each other. The unsteady analysis used two result data with fundamental data of an analysis. And The 3-D geometry for numerical model was considered by the central cross-section regarding of one injection hole. As a result of unsteady analysis, it was found that a fast response of needle was occurred a high velocity and pressure of injection. Also, a flow of high velocity is distributed with a wide section.

Poster Session 4 : Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Virology Immunology Tumor Biology Developmental Biology Plant Biology Molecular Medicine & Gene Therapy Procaryotic Genetics Biotechnology ; Intracellular and Extracellular Exochitinase Production by

( Ha Nul Lee ),( Jung Hoon Lee ),( Kyoung Ja Kim ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2002 추계학술대회집 Vol.2002 No.-

The Effect of Heat- or Alkali-Treated β-Glucan on Macrophages-Mediated Immune Response

Ha-Nul Lee,Seong-Jin Hong,Da Eun Jang,Young-Min Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

β-Glucan is well-established immune boosting agent, and its impact on Dectin-1 is dependent on particular nature such as structure and physical properties. In this experiment, we compared the physical properties and immunositmulatory activity depend on pretreatment method in macrophages. The alkali-treated β-glucan had a distinct shape and smaller particles size than untreated β-glucan. The reduced particle size was favorable for the stability of suspension, resulting it appeared that the suspension was completely dissolved into an amorphous mass. Furthermore, alkali treatment improved the immunostimulating activity of β-glucan, while it was reduced by treatment with heat-treated β-glucan in macrophages. Moreover, we confirmed the immunomodulatory activities of β-glucan with reduced particle size using wet-grinding system. These results suggested that controlling the particle size of β-glucan is critically important for immune response in macrophages. Thus, β-glucan could be utilized in the nutraceuticals or pharmacological therapies to improve the immune response by controlling the particle size.

Canavalia gladiata regulates the immune responses of macrophages differently depending on the extraction method

Lee, Ha-Nul,Kim, Young-Min,Jang, Ah-Ra,Kim, Young Ran,Park, Jong-Hwan Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2020 한국식품과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

Recent studies have suggested that Canavalia gladiate, a dietary food and traditional folk medicine, has promising pharmaceutical potential, but the effects have mostly been demonstrated using its organo-soluble extract. To date, its immunomodulatory effect depending on the extraction method is unclear. Here, the immune responses of macrophages to C. gladiate and the underlying mechanisms were studied. C. gladiate hot water extract (CGW) induced cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas its ethanolic extract (CGE) did not. Immunoblotting analysis also showed that CGW activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Moreover, an inhibitor assay revealed the involvement of NF-κB, p38, and JNK, but not ERK, in CGW-induced cytokine production. CGE inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in BMDMs. The results suggest that C. gladiate regulates the immune responses of macrophages differently depending on the extraction method.

한국과 중국 대도시 여성소비자의 녹색소비행동 비교연구

이하늘(Lee, Ha Nul),정순희(Jung, Soon Hee),신민경(Shin, Min Kyung) 한국소비문화학회 2011 소비문화연구 Vol.14 No.4

녹색소비행동에 대한 전세계적인 관심이 급증되고 있지만 아직까지 미국과 서유럽에 비해 아시아 지역의 관심은 미비한 편이며 이와 관련된 연구는 미국과 유럽에 비해 그리 많지 않다. 그렇기 때문에 아시아 소비자들의 녹색소비행동을 분석하여 올바른 녹색소비를 유도하는 것은 해당 지역의 국민들뿐만 아니라 전세계적으로 환경문제를 해결하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. 특히 아시아 국가 중 세계경제포럼(WEF)이 평가하는 환경성과지수(EPI)에서 1990˜2004년 온실가스 증가율 1위이자 온실가스 배출 10위인 한국과 지난 30년 동안 연평균 10%에 이르는 고도성장이 진행되어 심각한 환경문제에 직면한 중국에 거주하는 각 국의 소비자들의 녹색소비 행동을 살펴보는 것은 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 서울과 베이징에 거주하는 20˜30대 여성소비자를 대상으로 한국은 총 201부, 중국은 총 100부로 설문조사를 실시하여 최종적으로 292부를 분석에 사용하였다. 사회적 지위 향상과 함께 구매력까지 갖추게 된 여성소비자를 비교·분석하는 것은 향후 녹색소비와 시장의 흐름을 예상하고 이를 바람직한 방향으로 이끄는데 중요하다고 판단한다. 본 연구 결과, 한국 여성소비자가 중국 여성소비자에 비해 환경지식과 태도는 높았지만 녹색소비행동 수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한국과 중국 여성소비자의 녹색소비행동에 미치는 영향요인은 한국 여성소비자의 경우 녹색소비교육 참여의향이 높을수록 소비측면의 녹색행동을 더 잘하는 것으로 나타났고, 중국 여성소비자의 경우 녹색소비교육 참여의향이 높을수록 사용측면의 녹색행동을 더 잘하는 것으로 나타났다. It is often assumed that individuals who are knowledgeable and concerned about the environment will engage in green consumption behavior. Environmental problems in Korea and China are intensifying and it is vital to evaluate the environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The purpose of this research was to compare green consumption behavior and related factors between Korean and Chinese women. Based on a survey with 292 women (200 Koreans and 92 Chinese), differences and similarities in green consumption behaviors and related factors were identified. First, Korean women possessed high levels of environmental knowledge and positive environment attitude than Chinese women. However, Chinese women showed more green consumption behavior than Korean Women. Second, Korean women those who has lower environmental knowledge were better in green consumption behavior than those who has higher environmental knowledge. Despite the environmental knowledge level, there was no statistically significant difference in Chinese women's green consumption behavior. Also there was no statistically significant different in Korean and Chinese women's green consumption behavior according to environment attitude. Korean women those who possessed high levels of environmental knowledge and positive environment attitude than Chinese women showed less green consumption behavior than that of Chinese Women. Finally, Korean women those who likes to participate in green consumption education have impact on green consumption behavior. By contrast, there was no factor which impact on Chinese women's green consumption behavior.

Effect of 840 nm light-emitting diode(LED) Irradiation on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats

( Hyun-ji Lee ),( Ha-nul Soe ),( Woo-bin Soel ),( Kyung-sun Soe ),( Jong-won Ju ),( Hae-sung Lee ),( Ung-bae Park ),( Min-suk Yu ),( Ji-hyun Lee ) 대한임상병리사협회 2013 조직세포검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 840 nm light-emitting diode (LED) could be effective in a noninvasive, therapeutic device for the treatment of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Method Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200 g each were divided into four groups: control group (C); monosodium iodoacetate-treated(MIA) group; monosodium iodoacetate-treated(MIA) group with LED phototherapy(MIA-LED); indomethacin-treated group(IMT). Osteoarthritis(OA) was induced by intra-articular injection of 50 μl of 3 mg MIA through the patellar ligament of the right knee. Control rats were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. In the MIA-LED group, the animal knees were exposed to LED stimulation at intervals of 15 min/day, for 1 weeks after MIA treatment. Animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks postoperatively. Knee joints were removed and fixed overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin and subsequently decalcified by EDTA for 2 wk before being embedded in paraffin. Frontal sections (4 μm thick) of the medial aspect of the rat knee joints were prepared every 250 μm. The OA clinical score was monitored by knee movement and by radiographic analyses. Histologic analyses were performed following staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O-fast green, or toluidine blue, and histologic changes were scored according to a modified Mankin system. Results Radiographic examination showed no differences between the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats. Sclerotic regions adjacent to the tibioepiphyseal margin, thinning of the epiphysis, and a small exophite were evident in the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats, whereas tibioepiphyseal margin was well preserved in the IMT-treated rats compared with the two groups. Histologically, the lesion severity of knee joint by Mankin``s scoring showed not a significant difference between the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats, however the lesion score was significantly decreased in the IMT rats compared with the two groups. Discussion The irradiation of LED at 840 nm after monosodium idoacetate treatment was no significant difference between the respective arthritis parameters in LED-treated group compared with indomethacin-treated group. However, the total Mankin score was significantly decreased in MIA-LED-treated group compared with monosodium iodoacetate-treated group. These results indicate that LED phototherapy was some beneficial influence on the repair of chondral lesion in osteoarthritis rats.

Elastic Bunch Graph Matching 에서의 자세 변화에 대한 안정성 개선 기법

방하늘(Bang Ha Nul),이형일(Lee Hyung Il),이혁(Lee Hyuk),이정우(Lee Jung Woo) 한국통신학회 2014 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

무선 통신을 활용한 도립 전자 및 리액션 휠의 제어 시스템 개발

정하늘(Ha Nul Jung),최성일(Seong Il Choi),이종선(Chong Sun Lee) 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.바이오공학 No.-

Characteristics of Muscle Activity in the Lower Extremity during Stepping over Various Obstacle

( Han-suk Lee ),( Seung-beom Hong ),( Ha-nul Chin ),( Ju-li Choi ),( Hee-chang Seon ),( Duk-young Jeong ) 대한물리의학회 2019 대한물리의학회지 Vol.14 No.4

PURPOSE: This study examined the muscle activity while stepping over obstacles with various heights and widths to provide basic data for training and preventing falls. METHODS: Fifteen normal young adults (seven males and eight females) were recruited. The participants walked on a 5m walkway with six obstacles. The heights of obstacles were 0%, 10%, and 40% of the subject's leg length, and the width of the obstacles was 7cm and 14cm. The participants traversed the course twice per obstacle. The muscle activities of the soleus, tibialis anterior (TA), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL) were measured using surface electromyography. A Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal- Wallis test were used to examine the differences between obstacles. RESULTS: The muscle activities of the VL and the soleus of the stance leg and lead leg after crossing over the obstacles increased with increasing width, and there were significant differences in muscle activities between obstacle width (p<.05) except for the muscle activity of TA of the stance leg after crossing over the obstacles. A significant difference in muscle activities was observed according to the height of the obstacles with 14 cm (p<.05) except for the muscle activity of the VL, soleus of the leading leg, and TA of the stance leg CONCLUSION: The role of the VL and Soleus increased with increasing obstacle width, and the overall muscle activities of the lower extremities increased with increasing obstacle height. These results can be used to suggest a program to prevent falls.

An Immunohistochemical Study of ErbB4 Receptor in Alzheimer’s Disease Hippocampus

우란숙,Ji-Hye Lee,Sung-Sam Jung,Yoon-Jung Choy2,Ha-Nul Yu,Kyoung-Min Oh,송대용,Jin Kwon,Tai-Kyoung Baik 대한해부학회 2009 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.42 No.4

Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) signaling participates in numerous neurodevelopmental processes. Although ErbB4, a key NRG1 receptor, is expressed in multiple regions in the adult animal brain, little is known about its expression in aged human brain. We show that ErbB4 immunoreactivity was shown regional difference in the hippocampus of age-matched control and that the distribution of these molecules was altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. Immunohistochemical characterization of the distribution of ErbB4 receptor in the hippocampus relative to pathology staging were performed in age-matched control (Braak stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ, n=5), early AD (Braak stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ, n=5) and advanced AD(Braak stage Ⅴ/Ⅵ, n=10). The intensity of ErbB4 immunoreactivity was higher in neurons of the CA2 than that in CA1 or CA3 in the age-matched control. Particularly, in the early AD, ErbB4 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the apoptotic cells of the CA2 field. In the advanced AD, ErbB4 immunostaining was more intense in the apoptotic cell of the CA2 field. In the dentate gyrus (DG), ErbB4-positive granular cell density was gradually increased in proportion to the progression of pathology of AD brains. We have also found that ErbB4 immunostaining was increased in the nucleus, suggesting that the presenilin-dependent cleavage of ErbB4 generates the soluble ErbB4 ICD (intracellular domain) that translocalized to the nucleus. Together, these results provide the immunohistochemical analysis of ErbB4 receptor in the human hippocampus staged by the progression of pathology of AD.