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권호근,김영남,정기호,송근배,박덕영 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.3
The purpose of this study is to estimate the National Health Insurance budget needed for the Korean elderly's denture service coverage. For more exact estimating the budget, denture need and demand were calculated by using 2000 National Oral Health Survey data. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Over 65 years old, full denture and partial denture need per arch were each 8.5% and 16.8%. And over 70 years old, those were each 11.3% and 17.8%. 2. Over 65 years old, full denture and partial denture demand per arch were each 22.8% and 21.2%. And over 70 years old, those were each 27.%% and 21.1%. 3. Based on the denture need, the health insurance budget needed in the first operative year was about 955.4 billion won, over 65 years old and about 644.2 billion won, over 70 years old. 4. Based on the denture demand(wear), the health insurance budget needed in the first operative year was about 207.5 billion won, over 65 years old and was about 151.6 billion won, over 70 years old. If health insurance policy of elderly's denture service coverage is performed, actual denture wear rate is going to increase, and the budget needed is also increasing. Because current National Health Insurance budget status is poor, it is difficult to execute health insurance coverage for elderly's denture service. Therefore we suggest that health insurance coverage for preventive service is to be considered in order to reducing denture need in the long term view.
권순정,손덕영,최윤호 한국의료복지시설학회 2008 의료·복지 건축 Vol.14 No.4
Construction and operation of Germ Free Pigs' facilities are very expensive because pigs' rooms and other major rooms of the facility require germfree environments. Especially, running the HVAC system of aseptic facilities requires a lot of expenses. However proper location and efficient shape of outlets/inlets for the ventilation of the room can reduce the excessive running cost. In order to do that, this study proposes alternative location and shape of ventilation outlets/inlets to the existing design pattern in germfree pigs' room. The design condition of this study is the maintenance of adequate temperature(24'C), NHs concentration level(below 1.5 ppm), and air stream speed(be1ow .25m/sec) in the pigs' room for the summer and the winter together. As the Software Program, FLUENT(Ver. 6.2) has been used for the analysis of proposed ventilation patterns, In conclusion, wall inlets and ceiling inlet/outlet are advisable in summer, wall inlets and ceiling outlets is advisable in winter. As far as the shape is concerned, diffuser type for the ceiling outlet is desirable.
감마선과 Methyl Bromide 처리가 사과의 생리화학적 품질에 미치는 영향
강호진,정헌식,조덕조,변명우,최성진,최종욱,권중호 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3
감마선(0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 kGy) 조사와 methyl bromide(MeBr, 26 g/㎏, 4hr) 훈증 및 이들의 처리시기가 사과의 생리화학적 품질특성에 영향을 비교하여, 검역처리를 위한 ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) 감마선 조사의 응용성을 검토하였다. 감마선과 MeBr 처리에 따른 사과의 생리화학적 품질평가에서 2kGy 이상의 감마선 조사와 MeBr 훈증은 사과의 일부 생리화학적 품질특성의 변화를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선과 MeBr의 처리시기별로는 수확 직후보다는 저온(0℃)에서 40일 정도 보관 후 처리한 대체적으로 품질손상이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 1kGy 이하의 감마선 조사와 지연조사는 사과 과실의 품질을 비교적 양호한 상태로 유지할 수 있어 검역처리 기술로 활용성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 'Fuji' apples were treated by gamma irradiation (0∼3 kGy) or methyl bromide fumigation at commercial conditions (MeBr, 25 g/㎏, 4 hr) for quarantine purpose at two different treatment timing after harvest and stored under air a 0℃ for 4 months. Associated with the treatment timing of irradiation or fumigation, after 40 days of storage at 0℃ following harvest was more adequate than immediately after harvest in keeping qualities of stored apples. However, more than 2 kGy irradiation and MeBr fumigation were detrimental to physiological and chemical qualities of the fruits. These results show that less than 1 kGy irradiation at the delayed timing has a possibility to be applied as a quarantine procedure without significant changes in the quality of apples.
Deok Ho Kwon,Deok Jae Cha,Young Ho Kim,Si Woo Lee,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
A carbofuran-resistant strain (CAS) showed ca. 41.1- and 15.1-fold resistance compared to a susceptible strain (SUS) and a non-selected field strain (FM), respectively. Enhanced activities of carboxylesterase and P450 were found as ca. 3- and 1.6-fold higher in CAS strain, suggesting these enzymes play a minor role in carbofuran resistance. Interestingly, the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to carbofuran was revealed to be ca. 5.5- and 3.7-fold higher in CAS strain compared to, indicating that AChE insensitivity mechanism is associated with carbofuran resistance. In the western blot analysis, two kinds of AChEs were found and type-1 AChE (Nlace1) was identified as the major AChE in N. lugens. The open reading frame of Nlace1 is composed of 2,106 bp (ca. 78 Kd) and revealed 52.5% and 24.3% identity compared with Nephotettix cincticeps and Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. In the screening of point mutations, four amino acid substitutions (G119A, F/S330Y, F331I and H332L) were identified in the CAS strain that likely contribute to the AChE insensitivity. The allele frequencies of these mutations increased in the survived populations following the selection by LC50 of carbofuran, confirming that they are in fact associated with reduced sensitivity to carbofuran in N. lugens. These point mutation can be useful for the monitoring of resistance levels in conjunction with QS methods.
Deok Ho Kwon,Keon mook Seong,Kyong Sup Yoon,J. Marshall Clark,Won Ja Lee,Yong Joon Ahn,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05
A quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol that detects the frequencies of sodium channel mutations (M815I, T917I and L920F) responsible for knockdown resistance in permethrin-resistant head lice was tested as a population genotyping method. Genomic DNA fragments of the sodium channel α-subunit gene that encompass the three mutation sites were PCR-amplified from individual head lice with either resistant or susceptible genotypes, and combined together in various ratios to generate standard DNA template mixtures for QS. Following sequencing, the signal ratios between resistant and susceptible nucleotides were calculated and plotted against the corresponding resistance allele frequencies. Quadratic regression coefficients of the plots were close to 1, demonstrating that QS is highly reliable for the prediction of resistance allele frequencies. Prediction of resistance allele frequencies by QS in several globally collected lice samples including 12 Korean lice populations suggested that permethrin resistance varied substantially amongst different geographical regions. Three local populations of Korean lice were determined to have 9.8-36.7% resistance allele frequencies, indicating that an urgent resistance management is needed. QS should serve as a preliminary resistance monitoring tool for proper management strategies by allowing early resistance detection.
Multiple resistance mechanisms to abamectin in the two-spotted spider mite
Deok Ho Kwon,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
The TSSM is one of the most destructive pests on various orchard trees and garden plants. Abamectin resistance mechanisms in two resistant TSSM strains (PTF, ca. 155-fold; AbaR, ca. 3700-fold) were investigated with an emphasis on target site insensitivity mechanism. Detoxification enzyme assays revealed that metabolic factors contributed by EST and/or P450are involved in abamectin resistance. Synergistic assays showed that enhanced detoxification enzyme activity is not enough to account for the high level of abamectin resistance, further suggestive of the involvement of additional resistance mechanism, most likely target site insensitivity. As a putative target site for abamectin, we cloned the cDNA fragments of glutamate-gated chloride channel (Tuglucl) and determined its full length nucleotide sequences. Amino acid sequence comparison among the four strains showed that the Gly323Asp mutation located in the third transmembrane domainis only found in the AbaR strain, suggesting it is likely associated with the target site insensitivity conferring a high level of abamectin resistance.