Relationship of the Lodging of Corn Hybrids and Wet Stress in Field Condition

Young-Son Cho,Byeong-Jin Lee,Daniel Son,Young-Hwan Yoon,Won-Ha Yang,Jong-Ho Seo,Chung-Kook Kim,Beom-Young Son 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

포장조건에서 22종의 옥수수교잡종을 과습조건에서 도복관련형질들의 상호관련성을 검정하였는데 좌절중 (1.0 m, 1.5 m)과 좌절부위등을 평가하였고 주요한 도복 저항성 형질인 좌절중, 간직경, 뿌리건물중, 중심고등의 상호 관련성을 함께 평가하였다. 본시험은 포트시험에서 일차 스크린 한 것을 논에 경사지를 만들어 경사지별로 수분함량과 도복저항성을 비교하기 위하여 관수시기(과습조건)를 파종후 20일, 5엽기, 출웅기, 출사기로 구분하였고 관수량은 100 mm/일 씩 5일간 처리하였으며 조사는 수확기에 수행 하였다. 본시험의 결과 출사기에 1.0 m, 1.5 m 높이에서 좌절중과 중심고는 정의 상관을 보였으며 파종후 20일차에 관수처리구에서는1.0m, 1.5m 모두 좌절강도와 간직경이 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 관수처리 5엽기에서는 높이 1.0 m에서 좌절강도와 간직경간의 강한 정의 상관을 나타냈으며 도복관련 형질인 간직경, 뿌리건물중,지상부 중심고, 좌절중, 좌절고등이지만 관수처리시 이들을 가장쉽게 판별 할 수 있는 방법은 5엽기에 관수처리구가 가장 효율적으로 사료된다. Under field conditions, 22 corn hybrids(CHs) were tested for several characteristics related to lodging resistance and excessive water stress, such as pushing resistance on 1.0 and 1.5 m hights of the corns and breaking point. The 22 corn CHs were selected because they showed strongest pushing resistance and breaking resistance of culm as well as the highest thickness of basal culm, leaf greenness, leaf area, and plant height based on two pre-pot experiments performed in phytotron. To make excess water condition, water irrigation was done at 1) 20-d after seeding, 2) 5th leaf stage, 3) tasseling stage, and 4) silking stage with 100 mm/day for 5 days. Lodging-related characteristics were measured: culm diameter, root dry weight, weight balance of above-ground plant, breaking resistance, and breaking height in field experiment. Among all the characteristics tested, we explained in the two critical points for lodging resistance: 1) breaking resistance and breaking point, 2) culm diameter with breaking resistance and breaking point, and they were further evaluated for the relationships with the 1.0 and 1.5m height of above-ground plant. In the corn hybrids, there was a positive correlation between breaking resistant and weight balance of corn at the silking stage water treatment at 1.0 and 1.5-m height. And breaking resistant and culm diameter had a positive relationship at the 20-d water treatment at both measuring height. In conclusion, selection for lodging resistant hybrids or germplasms to excess soilwater should be made at the 5th leaf stage water treatment, and basal culm thickness should be considered to evaluate the resistance of the corn hybrid plants to lodging.

Selection and Relationships between Growth Characteristics of Silage Corn after Excess Water Treatment in Early Growth Stage

Young-Son Cho,Byeong-Jin Lee,Daniel Son,Rashid Ismael Hag Ibrahim,Beom-Young Son 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

옥수수 교잡종 111종의 습해저항성과 생육특성을 규명하기 위하여 인공기상동에서 3엽기에 인공강우 조건(1일차 80 mm, 이후 50 mm, 온도 21±3oC) 에서 본 시험을 수행하였다. 조사항목은 생육특성으로서 지상부, 뿌리, 엽신의 건물중을 조사하였으며 식물체의 중심고, 간직경을 측정 하였다. 교잡종 중에서 62번이 간장이 가장 길었으며 96번이 가장 짧았다. 무게중심고는 96번이 가장 컸으며 88번이 가장 짧았다. 건물중은 59번이 가장 무거웠으며 25번이 가장 낮았다. 간직경은 91번이 가장 두꺼웠으며 24번이 가장 가늘었다. 엽신건물중은 42번이 가장 컸고 25번이 가장 낮았다. 뿌리 건물중은 16번이 가장 높았고 24번이 가장 낮았다. 엽신건물중은 85번이 가장 높았고 25번이 가장 낮았다. 각 항목별 상관을 구한결과 간직경, 초장, 뿌리건물중은 엽신건물중과 정상관을 나타냈고 간직경과 초장은 뿌리건물중과 정상관을 보였으나 초장과 무게중심고는 부의 상관을 보였다. 무게중심고와 간직경 또는 간직경은 뿌리건물중과 상관을 보이지 않았다. A pot experiment was conducted in a phytotron to evaluate and select wet-resistant silage corn from 111 corn hybrids (CHs) under simulated heavy rain falls (80 mm for the 1st day and 50 mm from the 2nd till 11th day at 21±3oC) started at the 3rd leaf stage or 28 days after seeding. Growth related characteristics including dry weight of shoot, root, and leaf blade as well as leaf area, plant weight balance, and culm diameter were evaluated. Corn hybrid (CH) no.62 showed the tallest plant height and no.96 was the shortest. CH no.96 expressed the highest weight balance and no. 88 was the lowest. CH no. 59 gave the highest dry weight of shoot and no. 25 was the lightest. CH no.91 measured the thickest culm diameter at the basal 10 cm but no.24 was the thinnest. Dry weight of the basal 10 cm from culm was heaviest in no. 42 and lightest in no.25. Dry weight of root was highest in no.113 and lowest in no. 16. Dry weight of leaf area was heaviest in no.85 but lightest in no. 25. Analysis of coefficient of correlation positively connected culm diameter, plant height, and root weight to leaf area as well as culm diameter and plant height to root weight, while plant height and weight balance were negatively correlated. Weight balance to culm diameter or leaf area and culm diameter to root weight was not related.

Comparison of Growth, Yield and Yield Components among Rice Cultivars for Organic Farming in No-tillage Paddy

( Daniel Son ),( Young Han Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Organic farming system in rice paddy is rapidly expanding in Korea. This study was to find out optimum japonica rice cultivars for organic farming. A field research was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of japonica rice cultivars under no-tillage paddy at Doo-ryangmyeon, Sacheon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The experimental soil was Juggog series (silty clay loam: 56.0% silt, 31.2% clay and 12.8% sand). In experiment, ten lines of Japanese rice cultivars were tested under no-tillage amended with rye (NTR) and no-tillage without cover crop treatment (NTNT). In addition, two Korean japonica rice cultivars as check cultivars were used in this study. The grain yield in NTR was significantly higher in 6.13 Mg ha-1 for Kinuhikari, 5.30 Mg ha-1 for Komekogane, 5.25 Mg ha-1 for Kosihikari, 5.22 Mg ha-1 for Mazizbare and 5.12 Mg ha-1 for Akitakomachi compared to two Korean rice cultivars (4.57 Mg ha-1 for Hwayoungbyeo and 4.00 Mg ha-1 for Ilmibyeo) in that order. While, grain yield in NTNT was significantly higher in 4.90 Mg ha-1 for Akitakomachi 3.81 Mg ha-1 for Hinohikari, 3.74 Mg ha-1 for Umezkusi, 3.67 Mg ha-1 for Kosihikari and 3.54 Mg ha-1 for Dondokuri compared to 3.02 Mg ha-1 for Ilmibyeo and 2.36 Mg ha-1 for Hwayoungbyeo, respectively. The number of panicle per m2 and grain number per panicle were indispensible for increasing the yield of rice. These results were able to find out optimum japonica rice cultivar Akitakomachi for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

Long-term Assessment of Chemical Properties from Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

Daniel Son,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Seong-Soo Kang,Jae-Young Heo,Dae-Ho Kim,Yong-Jo Choi,Sang-Dae Lee,Yong Sik Ok,Young Han Lee 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the chemical properties of 260 paddy soils every 4 years from 1999 to 2015 in Gyeongnam province. Soil chemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate (P₂O₅), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), and available silicate (SiO₂) were analyzed. In 2015, the average values of pH, OM, available P₂O₅, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, and available SiO₂ was 5.8, 30 g ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, 222 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.37 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, 6.5 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 1.4 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, 252 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The frequency distribution within optimum range of paddy soils was 49.2%, 20.8%, 18.5%, and 5.8% for soil pH, OM, available P₂O₅, and available SiO₂, respectively. The available P₂O₅ concentrations in 2015 was excess level with portion of 58% and did not alter significantly during the experimental period. Although the average of available SiO₂ concentration has tended to increase with every year, the insufficient proportion of available SiO₂ concentration in 2015 was 48%. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can properly control the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in paddy field.

Comparison of Growth, Yield and Yield Components among Rice Cultivars for Organic Farming in No-tillage Paddy

Son, Daniel,Lee, Young-Han The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Organic farming system in rice paddy is rapidly expanding in Korea. This study was to find out optimum japonica rice cultivars for organic farming. A field research was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of japonica rice cultivars under no-tillage paddy at Doo-ryangmyeon, Sacheon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The experimental soil was Juggog series (silty clay loam: 56.0% silt, 31.2% clay and 12.8% sand). In experiment, ten lines of Japanese rice cultivars were tested under no-tillage amended with rye (NTR) and no-tillage without cover crop treatment (NTNT). In addition, two Korean japonica rice cultivars as check cultivars were used in this study. The grain yield in NTR was significantly higher in 6.13 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Kinuhikari, 5.30 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Komekogane, 5.25 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Kosihikari, 5.22 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Mazizbare and 5.12 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Akitakomachi compared to two Korean rice cultivars (4.57 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwayoungbyeo and 4.00 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Ilmibyeo) in that order. While, grain yield in NTNT was significantly higher in 4.90 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Akitakomachi 3.81 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hinohikari, 3.74 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Umezkusi, 3.67 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Kosihikari and 3.54 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Dondokuri compared to 3.02 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Ilmibyeo and 2.36 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwayoungbyeo, respectively. The number of panicle per $m^2$ and grain number per panicle were indispensible for increasing the yield of rice. These results were able to find out optimum japonica rice cultivar Akitakomachi for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

Impacts of Soil Organic Matter on Microbial Community of Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

Son, Daniel,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu,Weon, Hang-Yeon,Heo, Jae-Young,Kim, Dae-Ho,Choi, Yong-Jo,Lee, Sang-Dae,Ok, Yong Sik,Lee, Young Han 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Agricultural management of paddy soil depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 paddy soils in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The average of microbial communities in paddy soils were 32.2% of total bacteria, 16.7% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.0% of actinomycetes, 14.9% of fungi, and 1.3% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The communities of total bacteria (34.9%) and Gram-negative bacteria (19.4%) in soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were significantly larger than those in soils with other organic matter levels. However, soils with $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ as compared with soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter, indicating microbial stress decreased (p < 0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the two different organic matter levels in paddy fields. Thus, soils containing $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were responsible for strong effect on microbial biomass and stress in paddy fields.

COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) CULTIVARS IN JEJU ISLAND

Daniel Son,,Ki Cheol Seong,,Chun Hwan Kim,,Seong Cheol Kim,,Chan Kyu Lim, International Society for Horticultural Science (I 2014 Acta horticulturae Vol.1037 No.-

Assessment of Chemical Properties along Different Crops from Controlled Horticultural Soils in Gyeongnam Province

Daniel Son(손다니엘),Yeon-Kyu Sonn(손연규),Hyeong-Ji Cho(조현지),Jae-Young Heo(허재영),Dae-Ho Kim(김대호),Byeong-Jeong Lee(이병정),Kyang-Pyo Hong(홍광표),Young Han Lee(이영한) 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.5

Comparison of Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Subtropical Cucurbitaceous Vegetable Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz.) between Varieties

Daniel Son,Ki Cheol Seong,Chun Hwan Kim,Seong Cheol Kim,Chan Kyu Lim 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.5

Flavonoids in Globe Artichoke Flower Bud Parts and Varieties

Daniel Son,Ki Cheol Seong,Chun Hwan Kim,Chan Kyu Lim 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.5