퍼지 제어기를 이용한 차량의 자율주차 시뮬레이션

박재현,김승철,한창훈,박종오,임영도 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

In a case of driving beginnners, it is very difficult to park a car perfectly because driver's knowledge makes more errors than intelligent mechanism when they are performed repeatedly. However skilled drivers be of experienced knowledge are able to park a car quickly. In this paper, we analyzed driving patterns of skilled drivers, designed the fuzzy controller to park based on it, and perform auto-parking simulation of a car using that controller.

Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea

Hwang, Hyun-Su,Lee, Jae-Kang,Eom, Tae-Kyung,Bae, Ho-Kyoung,Lee, Dong-Ho,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Jung, Sung-Cheol,Park, Chan-Ryul,Rhim, Shin-Jae Korean Society of Forest Science 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

김치유래 젖산균의 균체지방산 분석을 이용한 분류학적 연구

이정숙,정민철,김우식,이근철,김홍중,박찬선,이헌주,주윤정,이근종,안종석,박완,박용하,민태익 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

표준균주를 포함한 230여개의 김치유래 젖산균에 대한 균체지방산(FAMEs)을 분석하였다. FAMEs profiles는 Euclidian Distance 17.5에 의해 7개의 Major Cluster와 1개의 Single Cluster로 나뉘어졌다. 이중 A, B, C 및 Cluster는 Leuconostoc속으로 분석되어졌고, F는 Lactobacillus속으로 분석되어졌다. 그리고 E와 G cluster는 두개의 Genus가 혼재되어 나타났으며 보충적인 연구가 필요하다. 앞으로 김치유래 젖산균의 균체지방산 분석결과를 기반으로 한 데이타베이스에 95가지 탄소원을 이용하는 수치분류학적 접근방법 및 Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry 등의 화학적 분석 방법과 분자친화적 연구를 통한 종합적 분류정보 체계가 갖추어지면 젖산균의 신속, 정확한 동정 및 연구에 활발히 이용되어질 것이다. Two hundreds and thirty lactic acid bacteria, mostly isolated from Kimchi, including type strains were sued for analysis of cellular fatty acids. The 230 test strains were recoverd in 7 major and 1 single clusters defined a Euclidian distance of 17.5. These aggregate taxa were equivalent to the genus Leuconostoc (aggregate group A, B, C and D), and the genera Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus (aggregate group G). It is concluded as evident that FAMEs (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) profile of cell can be used as a criterion in classification of lactic acid bacterial from kimchi. Additional comparative taxonomic studies need to be carried out on well chosen representative strains to determine the most appropriate methods of value.

Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea

( Hyun-su Hwang ),( Jae-kang Lee ),( Tae-kyung Eom ),( Ho-kyoung Bae ),( Dong-ho Lee ),( Jong-hwan Lim ),( Sung-cheol Jung ),( Chan-ryul Park ),( Shin-jae Rhim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

구ㆍ미주 관광객의 인구 특성요인과 기대 요인에 따른 만족도에 관한 실증적 연구 : 한국 관광기념품 구매와 관련하여 In relation to purchasing Korean Tourism Souvenirs

박명찬,고종원 한국관광정보학회 2001 觀光情報硏究 Vol.- No.9

The purpose of this paper can be said to analyze the satisfaction and preference of Europe and the Americas tourists visiting Korea to local tourism souvenirs using data their population characteristics factors and expectation factors before purchasing. As the paper process, the bibliographic research on related data issued by the authorized research institution for the country's inside and outside and empirical research by the distribution and collection of questionnaire for the purpose of showing the desires of Europe and the Americas tourists to Korean souvenirs products were performed in parallel. The contents of this research are summarized as below. As mentioned above, this paper is divide by two parts, the relevance between the population factors and satisfaction degree to Europe and the Americas tourists and the connection between the satisfaction degree and expectation degree to them. Among variables of Korean souvenirs such as art, originality, design and price, etc., Overall Europe and the Americas consumers are made clear as dissatisfied with art and originality of Korean souvenirs. Except these factors, other factors are classified with the scope of satisfaction to Americans. So For the sales increasing to Europe and the Americas consumers, these inferior factors have to be invested, researched and developed using the government's supports and related firms' core capabilities. such as marketing mix. Finally, in case of the relevance of satisfaction after purchasing and expectation before purchasing by Europe and the Americas consumers. All factors like design, packaging, price, variety, art, originality are satisfied with them as showing positive significance between them. So this result lets us think that Korean souvenirs have international competition to Europe and the Americas tourists. Therefore, the firm will keep the increasing intensity of global competition.

소음 노출 남성 근로자에서의 청력저하와 혈청 마그네슘의 관련성

박완섭,이종영,정상재,유재영,최태성,홍성철,노성찬 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 소음에 노출된 남자 근로자를 대상으로 장기간 소음 폭로가 혈청 마그네슘의 농도와 관련이 있는지를 검정하고 이러한 혈청 마그네슘의 농도가 또한 청력저하와 관련이 있는지를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 방법 : 소음에 노출되는 178명의 연구대상자를 청력저하의 정도에 따라 세 그룹으로 분류하고, 구조화된 설문, 신체계측, 혈액검사 등으로 청력저하에 대한 감수성 요인과 혈청 마그네슘 등을 수집하고 측정하였으며, 대상자들의 청력 역치를 측정하기 위하여 청력검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫재, 청력저하에 관련된 개인의 감수성 인자라고 알려진 변수인 흡연유무, 나이, 혈압, 헤마토크리트, 콜레스테롤, 혈당 중에서 나이, 이완기 혈압이 단순분석에서 세 그룹간에 차이가 있었고(p〈0.05), 혈청 마그네슘의 농도 또한 세 그룹간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p〈0.05) 청력저하가 심할수록 혈청 마그네슘 농도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 그룹간의 소음 노출력은 차이가 있었지만 (p〈0.05) 청력보호구 착용상태에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 혈청 마그네슘 농도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 변수인 소음 노출 기간, 마그네슘 함량이 많은 음식의 섭취정도, 스트레스 수준 중에서 소음 노출기간이 혈청 마그네슘 농도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였고(p〈0.05) 노출기간이 길수록 마그네슘의 혈청농도는 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 넷째, 주파수별로 청력저하와 관련된 감수성 요인들에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과 주파수 1,000 Hz에서는 연령이 좌,우측 귀 모두에서 유의한 변수로 채택되었으며 (p〈0.05), 연령이 증가할수록 청력저하가 심해지는 경향을 보였고, 주파수 4,000 Hz에서는 확장기 혈압, 소음 노출 기간, 혈청 마그네슘 등이 청력저하에 대한 감수성 요인으로 채택되었으며(p(0.05), 이완기 혈압이 높을수록, 소음노출 기간이 길수록, 혈청 마그네슘의 농도가 낮을수록 청력저하가 심해지는 것으로 나타났다. Objectivea : This study was conducted to investigate that the chronic noise exposure is associated with decreased serum magnesium concentrations and evaluate whether decreased serum magnesium is associated with noise induced hearing loss. Methods : One hundred seventy-eight male workers exposed to noise were selected and classified three groups by the degree of hearing loss. Hearing threshold levels were less than 30 dB at 1,000 Hz or less than 40 dB at 4,000 Hz In group I, more than 30 dB at 1,000 Hz or more than 40 dB at 4,000 Hz and 15 dB and less of pure tone average[PTA : (500 Hz+l,000 Hz+2,000 Hz)/3] in group II, more than 30 dB at 1,000 Hz or more than 40 dB at 4,000 Hz and over 15 dB of PTA in group III. Results : Serum magnesium concentrations were 2.42±0.26 mg/dl in group 1, 2.35±0.23 mg/dl in group n , 2.26±0.24 mg/dl in group II, respectively and significantly differ-ent between group I and group III (p〈0.01). It was negatively correlated with duration of the noise exposure as correlation coefficient (r) of -0.194 (p(0.05) . Analysis of the multipleregression on hearing threshold levels showed that serum magnesium, diastolic blood pres-sure, duration of the noise exposure were statistically significant at 4,000 Hz (p(0.05) . While only age was statistically significant at 7,000 Hz (p(0.05) . Conclusions : These results suggest that chronic noise exposure may induces decreasein serum magnesium concentrations and that its decreased concentration is related with noise induced hearing loss.

散積運搬船 船體構造部材의 腐蝕損傷防止에 關한 硏究

朴命圭,金讚宗 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

A ship, Compared with common steel structures on land, must be placed in extremely severe corrosive environments. Apart from the cases caused by disaster at sea, most of damages of the hull structure members are those caused by corrosion and waste. These are the major factors for damages occurring to the structural members of ship during operation. Therefore, it is necessary that the persons concerned should pay full attention to protect against corrosion and waste in order to prevent hull damages and to service more efficiently and safely. In addition, precautionary steps to help prevent accidents include training with crews, guidances, supervisors, and system improvements, and repairing any structural vulnerability of the ship herself. If the repairing of structural vulnerability is carried out, the above mentioned accidents are sure to be prevented. For the sake of this situation, a full survey in advance and the establishment for an efficient plan are more important than any others. Among all sorts of examples investigated and reported as damage cases during the process of achieving the Classification Society about ships by periodical surveys on servicing, matters about moreenhanced examinations related to the corrosion and waste in the hull structure members of solid cargo bulk carriers must be surveyed and analyzed intensively. By presenting on this basis, the efficient method count plan for the construction of new ships to stabilize the repair and up-keep of a fleet, this thesis is written with the motive of contributing to competitiveness of a bulk carrier fleet and decreasing of the economic loss of ships upon servicing.

肝臟疾患에 있어서 血淸鐵値 變動에 關한 臨床的 硏究

朴贊鍾,高侊道 고려대학교 의과대학 1972 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.9 No.1

On the patients of liver diseases who had been admitted to the Gastroenterology of this hospital, the serum iron levels was determined in 221 patients from whom they were subdivided into 88 cases of infectious hepatitis (48 cases of acute hepatitis and 40 cases of chronic hepatitis), 99 cases of postnecrotic liver cirrhosis, and 34 cases of primary hepatoma. The relationships between the serum iron level and the liver function tests, such as A/G ratio, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase activities, transaminase activities, total cholesterol levels with its ester form(%) and thymol turbidity tests according to the kinds of liver diseases were observed. The results were as following. 1. Of liver diseases, in cases of the primary hepatomas, the serum iron levels was remarkably decreased to 84.0 rg./dl. compared with the normal value 136.9 rg./dl. and postnecrotic liver cirrhosis showed the values 144.0 rg./dl. closely resembled to normal values. Infectious hepatitis showed the more increase of iron level than normal. Namely, acute case was 158.7 rg./dl. and chronic case was 186.0 rg./dl. 2. In the primary hepatomas, in addition to the remarkable decrease of serum iron level, reversed A/G ratio, the increases of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase activities and transaminase activities, increase of total cholesterol with its ester form(%) decreased and the increase of thymol turbidity tests were also noted. 3. However, is the acute infectious hepatitis, another with the primary hepatomas, the tendency of increases of alkaline phosphatase activities, transaminase activities, total cholesterol and thymol turbidity tests were observed as well as the increase of serum iron level. 4. And the correlations between the significant abnormal findings of liver function tests and the serum iron levels were not noticed in cases of liver cirrhosis and the chronic infectious hepatitis. 5. Such relations suggest the abnormal findings of liver function tests do not keep pace with the variety of serum iron level but occurs differently according to the lesions of liver diseases themselves. And that serum iron level might be helpful for the differential diagnosis between primary hepatoma and other liver diseases.

농업기술혁신의 경제성 평가와 관리체계

박종섭,안인찬 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

This study originated from an issue that technological innovation is an important factor in modern agriculture and it should be controlled systematically by government and farms. The objective of this study is to find out the methods of economic evaluation and management system of technological innovation in agriculture. Technological progress in agriculture improves the agricultural production function. For any given amount of inputs, we get more output than we did in the past farming. Modern theories of endogenous growth attempt to explain the rate of technological progress, which the Solow model takes as exogenous. These models try to explain the decisions that determine the creation of knowledge through research and development. The growth of agricultural income per farm is determined by the rate of technological progress. Because technological innovation in modernized agriculture is very important factors increasing the revenue and reducing the production cost. The difference between production functions is due to a difference of technique in how the inputs are used in producing the output. A farmer will not adapt a change in technology unless he expects that the adaption will lead to a reduction in per unit costs at the output at which he expects to operate. Since most innovations involve additional expenditures, total costs are likely to be increased at lower levels of output as a result of technological changes. Nevertheless, in order to increase the agricultural production and the levels of living it is necessary to develope and adapt technological improvements in agriculture. The major problem in agricultural technological innovation is to evaluate the economic value of new technology adapted by farmers in agricultural accounting system and to prepare the technological management system to develope better technology. Farms should reflect the economic value of technological changes through financial analysis in agricultural accounting system. Because an essential activity in financial management of agriculture is the development of a timely technological information system that provides a means for the decision maker as a farm operator to measure, evaluate, control, and improve the financial performance of the farm business. The government should develope the education of the skilled technical hands, R&D investment, the accumulation and risk management of agricultural technological information, and the development and spread of agricultural technology. We can expect the principal role of local agricultural college in technological management system of agriculture by the decentralization of agricultural extension function.

기온의 일변화에 대한 고찰

박종익,원효성,류찬수 조선대학교 학생지도연구소 2004 生活指導硏究 Vol.23 No.1

The research of appearance time delay of highest and lower air temperature in a day and diurnal variation of air temperature were carried out and the results are as follow; 1) In respect to diurnal variation of mean temperature. the highest temperature in a day appear at 1500LST and the lowest temperature come out at 0600LST except for autumn. Therefore, it is considered that lowest temperature is observed just before sun rising or immediately after sunset. 2) The reason of appearance time delay of highest temperature is associated with continental degree and oceanic degree. At this point, the farther it is from costal area, the later highest temperature appear. 3) Characteristics of area where the frequency of highest temperature appearance before 1200LST is more than 10 day, is close to coastal line. This is caused by a) land-sea breeze occurrence, b) clear sky under 5.4 cloudiness, c) wet and high humid atmosphere, and d) high percentage of sunshine.