신탁법상 수탁자의 자조매각권 및 비용상환청구권에 관한 연구

임채웅 홍익대학교 2009 홍익법학 Vol.10 No.2

신탁이 종료되면 신탁재산은 귀속권리자에게 귀속되어야 하는데, 수탁자는 신탁과 관련하여 발생한 비용을 회수하여야 한다. 수탁자가 행사할 수 있는 권리는 비용상환청구권과 자조매각권을 들 수 있다. 이 두 가지 권리는 서로 병존된다. 한편 신탁법의 상당 부분은 임의규정이라고 보아야 하므로, 당사자들은 신탁법의 정함과 다른 약정을 할 수 있고, 이점은 위 권리들에 대해서도 마찬가지이다. 원심판결은, 신탁법에 따른 것이 아닌 신탁계약에 따른 자조매각권을 인정하고, 수탁자(피고)가 상환받아야 할 비용을 귀속권리자(원고)가 먼저 수탁자에게 지급하여야 한다고 선고한 것에 대해, 이 사건에서 신탁계약에 따른 자조매각권을 인정하고, 선이행관계로 본 원심판결은 옳다고 보았으나, 구체적인 비용에 관한 판단에 잘못이 있다는 이유로 원심판결을 파기하였다. 이 논문은 위 대상판결 및 원심판결을 정밀하게 분석한 끝에, 대상판결은 신탁법 자체보다는 이 사건의 신탁계약에 관한 해석론을 주로 펴고 잇으므로, 대상판결의 판시사항을 다른 신탁법률관계에 적용함에 있어 신중하여야 한다는 점, 신탁계약에 의하여 정할 수 있는 범위가 넓으므로 신탁계약 조항을 구성함에 있어서도 신중을 기하여야 한다는 점을 지적하였고, 아울러 신탁법에 따른 자조매각권에 대한 판단을 회피한 대상판결이 그른 것은 아니나 아쉬움이 없지 않다는 점도 밝혔다. 대상판결은 신탁절차의 세부사항에 관해 많은 이야기를 해주고 있는 중요한 판결이다. 주제어 : 신탁, 위탁자, 수탁자, 귀속관리자, 신탁재산, 자조매각권, 비용상환청구권 In a case where the trust is terminated, the trust property is transferred to the rightful person to whom it is reverted. In that case the trustee has to claim back his damages related with the trust. His rights are the one to sell trust property and the other to claim back his damages related with the trust. The contractors can modify the rule of the Trust Act. It is same to those rights.The decision of the high court ruled that the trustee's right by agreement to sell trust property not consistent with the Act is also legal and the rightful person should pay the trustee's damages before he gets trust property. The Supreme Court Decision ruled for the high court's decision.But it reversed the high court's ruling, for the ruling had made a mistake on calculating the trustee's damages. After analysing it, this essay says that the Decision touched the trust agreement rather than the Trust Act itself and we should be very cautious to apply the Decision to any other trust and to make trust agreement because of it. The Decision avoided ruling on the right to sell by the Act. Even though it was not unreasonable, it was desirable to rule on it. The Decision is important because it tells details on the Trust Law. Key Words trust, settlor, trustee, rightful person, trust property, trustee's right to sell trust property, trustee's claim for damages

1980년 헤이그아동탈취협약의 도입방안에 관한 연구

임채웅 홍익대학교 2009 홍익법학 Vol.10 No.1

The Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the most important international law on the cases for wrongfully removed or retained children. Korea is not the member of the Convention till February, 2009. There has been some criticism abroad on Korea not being the member of it and we have already had some cases inside Korea which are related with the Convention. It is time to take into onsideration whether Korea should be a member of it or not. This essay touches on the situations inside and outside of Korea (I). It proposes some Korean words for the erminology of the Convention to avoid misunderstanding(II). And it explains the content of the Convention(III). This essay reviews what matters when Korea would be a member of the Convention. They are, 1. the purpose of it, 2. the possibility of contradiction between the Convention and Korean laws, 3. central authorities, and 4. cost(IV). Next, it explains some legal issues through an assumed case presented in an international conference held in Hong Kong on September, 2008, in which I took part(V). Finally, I propose that Korea should be a member of the Convention with some reservation(VI). 아동의 국제적인 비합법적 이동 또는 유치에 관한 가장 중요한 국제규범은 '1980년 헤이그 아동탈취협약'이다. 2009년 2월 현재 우리나라는 아직 위 협약에 가입하지 않고 있는데, 이로인한 외국에서의 비판도 없지 않고, 국내의 실제 사건에서도 그 점이 지적되기도 한다. 따라서 이제는 위 협약의 국내도입 여부에 대해 신중히 검토하여야 할 때가 되었다고 판단된다. 이 글은 이러한 점에 착안하여 먼저 위 협약의 국내에서의 실태 및 국제적인 논의상황을 간략하게 소개하교(I), 용어에 관련된 문제를 지적하고(II), 이어 협약의 내용을 간략히 설명한다.(III). 위 협약에 관한 국내에서의 논의가 아직 활발하지 아니한 상태이므로, 이 단계에서 용어의 문제를 정리함이 좋을 것이다. 다음으로 위 협약의 국내에서의 도입과 관련된 문제점을, 1. 위 협약의 목적, 2. 국내법규와의 상충가능성, 3. 중앙당국, 4. 비용의 문제로 나누어 검토하였다(IV). 나아가 본인이 참가한 위 협약과 관련된 2008 9월의 국제회의의 결과를 바탕으로 동회의에서 논의된 사안에 대한 검토를 통하여 위 협약의 국내도입시의 문제점에 대해 검토해 보았으며(V), 마지막으로 결론에 갈음하여 위 협약의 국내에의 도입을 긍정적으로 검토하되 적절한 정도의 유보조항을 둠이 타당하다는 결론을 제시하였다(VI).

도메인이름을 둘러싼 분쟁에 관한 연구 : 평석대상판결 : 대법원 2008. 4. 24. 선고 2005다75071 판결

임채웅 法務部 商事法務課 2009 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.47

As Internet has appeared, it has had big effect on mankind's life and legal principles. It has made lots of legal disputes. The dispute on domain name is a good and important example. This essay is the annotation on the Supreme Court Decision 2005Da75071 Decided April 24, 2008. In this case, the plaintiff registered the domain name, "hpweb.com", in Network Solution Inc. of the States. The defendant, Hewlet Packard in California, U.S.A, filed a petition against the plaintiff in the National Arbitration Forum of the States and won the case to get the domain name. The plaintiff filed a suit against the defendant to get back the domain name in Seoul Central District Court in Seoul, Korea. This case has lasted for 9 years and not finalized yet. This case is now in Korean Supreme Court. The Court has already reversed twice the appeal court's decisions. The Court is to rule the case for third time. This case raises many legal issues. This essay touches some of them like hereunder. First, this essay tries to make it clear what characters domain name has. It is very important because it is related with what remedial ways the infringed has. This essay makes a conclusion that the right of domain name is a kind of absolute rights. Second, this essay analyzes the part on tort of the Decision and points out the reasoning of it is not right. But the conclusion that the tort in this case could not be grounded is right. Third, this essay examines the part on unjust enrichment of the Decision. It is the most important part of the essay. It insists that Korean law should be an applicable law of it. For it, the third decision of the appeal court should be reversed in the Supreme Court. Finally, I give my opinions on legal principles for trademark and internet. 인터넷은 등장 이래 우리의 생활과 법리에 많은 영향을 끼쳐왔다. 아울러 많은 법적 분쟁을 일으켰다. 도메인이름에 관한 분쟁이 그 중요한 예이다. 이 글은 대법원 2008. 4. 24. 선고 2005다75701 판결에 대한 평석이다. 이 사건에서 원고는 "hpweb.com"이라는 도메인을 미국의 네트워크솔루션에 등록하였다. 미국 캘리포니아주 소재 법인인 피고는 원고를 상대로 미국국가중재위원회에 위 도메인이름을 피고에게 이전하도록 명하여줄 것을 요구하는 취지의 신청을 하였고, 그 취지의 결정을 얻었다. 원고는 한국의 법원에 위 도메인이름의 회복을 구하는 소를 제기하였으나, 소제기후 9년이 경과한 지금까지 계속중이다. 우리나라의 대법원은 이 사건에 관하여 두 차례나 원심판결을 파기하여 환송하였고, 세 번째 원심판결이 선고된 뒤 원고가 다시 선고되어 세 번째 대법원판결을 기다리고 있다. 이 사건에 관하여 매우 많은 논점을 찾을 수 있으나, 이 글에서는 아래와 같은 점에 국한하여 다루었다. 첫째, 도메인이름의 성질을 명확하게 하고자 시도하였다. 이 점은 도메인이름과 관련하여 권리를 주장하는 자가 취할 수 있는 구제방법을 결정하는 매우 중요한 점이다. 이와 관련하여 이 글은 도메인이름에 대한 권리는 절대권으로서의 성질을 갖는다는 결론을 제시하였다. 둘째, 이 글은 대상판결 중 불법행위에 관한 부분을 분석하고, 불법행위에 터잡은 청구가 기각되어야 함은 옳으나, 그 위법성을 판단한 점은 잘못되었음을 지적하였다. 왜냐하면 우리나라 불법행위 법은 명예훼손의 경우를 제외하고는 금전배상이 원칙이므로, 금전배상 이외의 것을 청구한 이 사건에서의 위 청구는 허용되지 않는 청구를 하였다는 이유만으로 기각되어야 한다. 셋째, 이 글은 대상판결 중 부당이득에 관한 부분을 분석하고, 그 결과 한국법이 부당이득에 터잡은 청구에 관한 준거법이 될 수 있다고 주장하였는데, 이에 따를 경우 대법원은 제3차 원심판결을 다시 파기환송하여야 한다. 마지막으로 이 사건과 관련하여 상표법리 및 인터넷에 관한 필자의 소견을 피력하였다. 이 사건에 관한 법원의 최종적인 판결은 아직 기다려야 하지만, 최종적으로 어떤 결론으로 확정되더라도, 이 사건은 우리나라에서 도메인이름에 관한 의미있는 선례가 될 매우 중요한 사건이다.

골절단을 이용한 급속 치아이동 후 치수 및 치주조직 변화

강경화,김은철,이선경,임채웅,마쓰다 기꾸,태기출,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 골절단을 이용한 치아-치조골 분절의 급속 치아이동 후 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 변화를 유성견에서 평가하고자 하였다. 하악 제4소구치의 근심, 원심, 치근단 부위에서 피질골을 절단하여 치아-골 분절을 형성하고 하악 제3소구치를 발거하면서 협측, 설측 부위의 피질골을 삭제하였다. 1주 휴지기 부여에 따라 휴지기군과 비휴지기군으로 나누어 치아의존형 견인장치로 6일 동안 견인하고 강화기를 거친 후 0주, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주, 8주에 희생시켜 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 조직 변화를 임상적, 방사선적, 조직학적 및 면역화학적으로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치아이동 양과 강화기 동안의 조직 치유 양상에서 휴지기 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 2. 견인측에서 골형성은 강화기 8주까지 계속되었는데 강화기 1-2주에 가장 활발하였으며 6-8주간의 변화는 적었다. 3. 비휴지기군의 강화기 1주에서 치조골 흡수 및 파골세포 출현, 염증세포 침윤이 가장 많았으며, 특징적으로 파상아세포가 압박측의 치주인대와 치수 내에 나타났다. 4. TGF-β는 치조골의 골기질 및 골모세포, 파골세포, 치수 내 파상아세포에서 강양성 발현을 보인 반면 치수, 백악모세포, 무세포성 백악질에서 경미한 양성 발현을 나타내는 부위 특이성이 있었다. 5. TGF-β는 견인측 치주인대의 치조골에 인접한 혈관 및 치주인대세포, 골모세포에서 강화기 초기 1-2주에 주로 발현되었으며 6주 이후에는 발현이 크게 감소하였다. The movement of tooth-bone segments by osteotomy can simultaneously shift tooth and surrounding alveolar bone in a relatively short period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue changes in pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in rapid tooth bone movement with osteotomy. The mandibular 3rd premolar of a dog was extracted and cortical bones of the buccal and lingual area were eliminated, and then cortical bones around the mesial and distal area of root, and below the root apex of the mandibular 4th premolar were osteotomized. After a one week latency period, a tooth-borne distraction device was activated for 6 days. And pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and immunohistochemically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of the consolidation period and conclusions were reached as follows. 1. Latency period didn't affect total amount of tooth movement and healing process of tissue during consolidation period. 2. Bone formation continued through 8 weeks of consolidation in distracted side, with a high peak at 1-2 weeks, and the lowest at 6-8 weeks of consolidation. 3. At 1 week of consolidation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration were the most active, and dentinoclasts characteristically appeared on the pulp and pressure side of the periodontal ligament. 4. The expression of TGF-β was area-specific, as it was strong-positive at bone matrix, osteoblast, osteoclast of alveolar bone, and dentinoclast inside pulp, but weak in pulp, cementoblast and acellular cementum. 5. The expression of TGF-β was generally observed at the initial 1-2 weeks of consolidation at vessels, periodontal ligament cells, and osteoblast near alveolar bone on the distraction side of the periodontal ligament, and was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of consolidation.

STUDIES ON IMMUNOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF METHAMPHETAMINE (MA) IN Balb/C MICE II. The Functional Alteration of Effector Cells in Immune System

Lim, Chae-Woong,Rim, Byung-Moo,Lee, Ho-Il,Kim, Sang-Ho Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.1

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

STUDIES ON IMMUNOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF METHAMPHETAMINE (MA) IN Balb/C MICE I. Changes of Lymphoid Organs and Inhibitory Effect of Lymphocyte Proliferation to Mitogen

Lim, Chae-Woong,Rim, Byung-Moo,Lee, Ho-Il,Kim, Sang-Ho Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.1

The immune system is partially under the control of the sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems through the regulatory feedback loop. Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurotoxic chemical which affects the neurotransmitter system. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxic effect of MA on the major immune target organ and lymphocyte proliferation to the various mitogens. Female Balb/C mice, 15 to 20 g, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.5, or 5 mg MA/kg for 14 consecutive days. In MA treated mice, the body weight gain and relative spleen and thymus weight were decreased in doserelated manner. Histopathologically, there was a paucity of lymphold follicles and germinal centers in the spleen, and thymic cortical atrophy with lymphophagocytosis was prominent. Apoptosis also occurred in germinal centers of spleen and thymic cortex. The threshold and peak of lymphocyte proliferation at various concentration of mitogens showed similar patterns. However, the response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the 5 mg MA/kg treated group showed threshold and peak proliferation at high concentration of mitogens (25${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for MA vs 15${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for control; 60${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for MA vs 45${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for control), which suggest that MA impairs T cell dependent-B cell function. This preliminary study indicated that MA affected the lymphold organs and immune function.

Fumonisin $B_1$ induced renal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats

Lim, Chae-Woong,Yoon, Hyun-Sang,Rim, Byung-Moo Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology 1999 한국수의병리학회지 Vol.3 No.1

We investigated the effect of a single intravenous dose of Fumonisin $B_1(FB_1$) of rat kidney on the time sequence. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenouslyin jected with FB$_1$at 1.25 mg/kg and were euthanized at 12 hrs, 1, 2, 4, and 6 days after the injection. In $FB_1$ treated rats, serum BUN and creatinine were elevated from 12 hrs. Microscopically, the initial target site was tubules of inner stripe, with mild degenerative and necrotic changes at 12 hrs, but the tubules recovered on day 4. In outer stripe, there were only a few scattered necrotic cells on day 1. These changes became more obvious over the time passed and most severe on day 4. On day 6, regeneration occurred, manifest as hypertrophic, basophilic tubular cells. The dying cells were proved to necrotic cells instead of apoptotic cells by TUNEL. Ultrastructural changes were cytoplasmic vacuole, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, ballooned microvilli of the tubular cell in the outer stripe. These results showed that the renal tubules of outer medulla were the target to $FB_1$-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. However, initial target was mner stnpe of medulla.

A Limited Survey of Fumonisin $B_{1}$ Content of Domestic and Imported Corns in Korea

Lim, Chae Woong Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 1997 Toxicological Research Vol.13 No.4

Fumonisin $B_{1}$ ($FB_{1}$) is hepatotoxic in all species, and initiator and promotor for hepatocarcinogenesis produced mainly by Fusarium moniliforme. This fungus is commonly natural contaminant of corn and other grains worldwide, and has been associated with animal and human diseases. In these study, natural occurrence of $FB_{1}$ was surveyed in 30 healthy domestic corn kernels in Chonbuk and Kangwon province, harvested in 1994 and intended for human consumption, and 15 imported American and Chinese samples of each, collected from different ship-loading at Inchon harbor for animal foodstuffs. $FB_{1}$ contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fiourescence detector. The data revealed that 2 out of 12 corn kernels from Kangwon province with 1.1 and 0.7 ppm, and 2 out of 18 corns from Chonbuk province with 0.5 and 1.3 ppm, respectively. However, there was no detection of $FB_{1}$ in imported corn samples, even though those were visibly moldy.

Comparison of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture fixation using a proximal femoral nail with a helical blade and lag screw type proximal femoral nail

Woong Chae Na,Chae Won Lim,Sang Hong Lee 조선대학교 의학연구원 2018 Medical Bilogical Science and Engineering Vol.1 No.2

The aim of the study was to compare clinical and radiological results between the helical blade lag screw (proximal femoral nail antirotation II [PFNA II]) and the traditional lag screw (Zimmer Natural Nail [ZNN]) in the operative treatment of osteoporotic femur intertrochanteric fractures. We selected 182 patients who could be observed for at least 1 year from among 352 patients who received surgical treatment for osteoporotic isolated femur intertrochanteric fractures between January 2013 and December 2016. The PFNA II was applied in 110 cases, and the ZNN in 72 cases. We evaluated operation time, bleeding amount, quality of reduction, tip apex distance, bone union time, sliding distance, and lag screw position. The mean operation times and bleeding volumes were respectively 38 minutes and 224 mL for PFNA II, and 42 minutes and 234 mL for ZNN. The quality of reduction was good, acceptable, and poor in 71%, 25%, and 4% for PFNA II, and 68%, 31%, and 1% for ZNN, respectively. The mean tip apex distances, bone union times, and sliding distances were respectively 21.1 and 20.7 mm, 12.4 and 12.9 weeks, and 4.2 and 3.9 mm. The lag screw position was acceptable and poor in 95% and 5% for PFNA II, and 97% and 3% for ZNN, respectively. The design of the lag screw did not influence the surgical outcome in the osteoporotic isolated femur intertrochanteric fractures. Therefore, choice of the proximal femoral nail can safely be made according to surgeon preference.

Incidental finding of capillaria hepatica in a raccoon

Chae-woong Lim,Byoung-moo Rim,Seong-hun Kim,Hong-ki Do,Hong-ji Yang 대한수의학회 1996 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.1996 No.-