Excited Spin-State Trapping in Spin Crossover Complexes on Ferroelectric Substrates

Wä,ckerlin, Christian,Donati, Fabio,Singha, Aparajita,Baltic, Romana,Decurtins, Silvio,Liu, Shi-Xia,Rusponi, Stefano,Dreiser, Jan American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.122 No.15

<P>We have studied thin films of Fe(II) spin crossover complexes deposited on differently poled ferroelectric PMN-PT ([Pb(Mg<SUB>1/3</SUB>Nb<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB>1-<I>x</I></SUB>[PbTiO<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>, <I>x</I> = 0.32) substrates by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray spectra reveal the temperature-driven conversion between high-spin and low-spin states without any observable effect of the ferroelectric polarization on the spin state of the molecules down to 100 K. In the soft X-ray-induced excited spin-state trapping (SOXIESST) regime at 3 K, large differences occur between the two ferroelectric polarizations. The efficiency of X-rays in exciting the molecules to the high-spin state is more than an order of magnitude larger when the ferroelectric dipoles of the substrate are pointing toward the surface compared to the opposite polarization. We explain our findings by a modulation of the polarization-dependent efficiency of the scattering of X-ray-generated secondary electrons at the molecules. Our results provide a deep insight into the SOXIESST mechanism and suggest that such molecules could be used as detectors for electrons traveling in the substrate at energies lower than the substrate electron affinity.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

O postrzeganiu pojęcia POKÓJ w XVI wieku z perspektywy połączeń wyrazowych polskich rzeczowników pokój i mir

Krzysztof Waśkowski 한국슬라브어학회 2021 슬라브어연구 Vol.26 No.2

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the understanding of the Polish concept of PEACE in the 16th century. Considerations – due to the material base – fall within the mainstream analyses in the field of historical semantics, although they are not subordinated to the dynamic aspect. The article tries to capture the features of the concept on the basis of the semantic properties of words, typical for an arbitrarily selected synchronous plane, and based only on a certain type of linguistic data: collocations of Polish nouns pokój [En. Peace] and mir and their textual use. The research material was excerpted from the Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 16th Century edited by Maria Renata Mayenowa. On the basis of the observed word combinations and their contexts, it can be seen that the sixteenth-century PEACE was perceived as one of the basic values, a universal and unambiguously positive state. Its positive valorisation can be determined on the basis of collocations with adjectives evaluating positively (dobry [En. good], najlepszy [En. best], najwiętszy [En. most sacred], łaskawy [En. gracious], przyjemny [En. pleasant], wdzięczny [En. grateful]) and taking into account synonymic chains (przyjacielstwo i mier [En. friendship and accord], pokój i bezpieczeństwo [En. peace and security], pokój i jedność [En. peace and unity], zdrowie i pokój [En. health and peace]). In the analysed material, no collocation with lexemes with the opposite evaluation vector has been noticed. Moreover, the excerpted linguistic data made it possible to state that although the 16th-century PEACE was considered a universal value, it was not an absolute and permanent state. This conclusion was confirmed by connections such as pokój złaman jest [En. peace was broken], zgwałcenie pokoju pospolitego [En. violation of the common peace], pokój targać [En. tearing up peace], pokój wzruszan bywa [En. peace is sometimes shaken], recorded in the texts of eminent Polish humanists of the golden age, commenting on the socio-political situation of Poland at that time. Moreover, the lexical data confirmed the internal division of the PEACE category into INDIVIDUAL PEACE and SOCIAL PEACE, which can be considered stable. The analysis of the material also made it possible to conclude that an attempt to approach PEACE holistically in the diachronic aspect requires detailed research that could become the basis of a linguistic synthesis, preceded, however, by an analysis of the literature in the field of political, social and ethical sciences. The description of the variability in understanding the concept would thus complement the state of knowledge about PEACE, developed on the basis of related disciplines within humanities and social sciences.

The effect of conglutinin on production of reactive oxygen species in bovine granulocytes

Marta Dec,Andrzej Wernicki,Andrzej Puchalski,Renata Urban-Chmiel,Adam Waśko 대한수의학회 2012 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.13 No.1

Conglutinin is a high molecular-weight lectin originally detected in bovine serum. It belongs to the family of collectins that bind sugar residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner and are effector molecules in innate immunity. Conglutinin appears to play an important role in immune defense mechanisms, showing antiviral and antibacterial activities when tested in vivo and in vitro. The present study evaluated the effect of conglutinin on the respiratory bursts in bovine peripheral phagocytes. Using nitroblue tetrazolium and hydrogen peroxide assays, we showed that sugar ligand- bound conglutinin stimulated the production of superoxide and H2O2 in granulocytes whereas the non-sugar-bound form of conglutinin inhibited these processes. These results indicate that both forms of conglutinin are able to interact with surface leukocyte receptors but have opposite effects on phagocytic activity. Our findings suggest that conglutinin bound to sugar residues on microbial surfaces can induce oxygen burst in phagocytes, and thereby mediates the elimination of pathogens and prevents the spread of infection.

AFRICAN IMAGES IN KITHAKA WA MBERIA’S POETRY

Samson Ontiri Ongarora,Janes Nyachae Michira,Rayya Timammy,Kineene wa Mutiso 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2020 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.49

Africa is a continent endowed with natural resources such as fertile land, minerals, forests, wildlife and a warm tropical climate. Besides, it has communities with diverse cultures which attract tourists from other parts of the world. However, for a long time, the continent has experienced social, political and environmental challenges like political instability, despotic leadership, civil wars, refugees, hunger, poverty and diseases among others. In this article, we apply key principles of postcolonial theory to analyse the various images of Africa as depicted by Kenyan poet Kithaka wa Mberia in his works. We argue that the poet as a committed and critical writer has depicted negative images about Africa as a challenge to Africans and its leadership to address those issues. For instance, he shows African leaders and governments as being corrupt and inept in their governance. As a result, there are rampant cases of corruption, tribalism and dictatorship which create little or no room for equality, democracy, freedom of speech and the rule of law. But on the other hand, the poet portrays some positive images of Africa including the beautiful natural sceneries, mountains, forests, wildlife, rivers, beaches and a conducive climate. We shall draw our examples from Kithaka wa Mberia’s five anthologies namely; Mchezo wa Karata (A Game of Cards), Bara Jingine (Another Continent), Msimu wa Tisa (The Ninth Season), Redio na Mwezi (Radio and the Moon) and Rangi ya Anga (Colour of the Sky).

Uhusiano wa Kiswahili na Kikamba

Mutiso, Kinenee wa 한국외국어대학교 1987 킬리만자로 Vol.1 No.1

Optimization of fermentation condition for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001

Wa Gao,Yi-Joon Kim,You-Jung Lee,Jin-Woo Lee 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.4

Termite Resistance of Impregnated Jabon Wood (Anthocephalus Cadamba Miq.) with Combined Impregnant Agents

( Wa Ode Muliastuty Arsyad ),( Efrida Basri ),( Djeni Hendra ),( Deazy Rachmi Trisatya ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.4

Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a fast-growing species that exhibits a lower natural resistance than that exhibited by the timber sourced from natural forests. Jabon’s resistance to termite attack can be improved by impregnating its wood structure with poisonous organic materials. This study examined jabon’s resistance to termite attack when impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive. The wood specimens were impregnated using sengon wood vinegar and an animal adhesive (8% and 10%, respectively) using a vacuum pressure machine. The specimens were tested for their resistance to subterranean and dry-wood termites according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The results denoted that jabon impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive concentration of at least 8% with the addition of 4% borate was effective to resist termite attacks. The impregnated jabon exhibited a lower weight loss and higher termite mortality when compared with those exhibited by the control specimens. Thus, the resistance class improved from class IV to class I.

Termiticidal Activity and Chemical Components of Bamboo Vinegar against Subterranean Termites under Different Pyrolysis Temperatures

( Wa Ode Muliastuty Arsyad ),( Lisna Efiyanti ),( Deazy Rachmi Trisatya ) 한국목재공학회 2020 목재공학 Vol.48 No.5

In this study, the chemical components and termiticidal activities of bamboo vinegar against subterranean termite were evaluated. Bamboo vinegar used in this study were produced from Mayan (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz.), Balcoa (Bambusa balcooa Roxb.), and Taiwan (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). It was analyzed by gravimetric methods. Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) was soaked for 24 h and tested against Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The bamboo vinegar demonstrated antitermite activities against subterranean termite. Vinegar of 400℃ recorded higher total phenol and acid than that of 300℃. Results from this study suggest that the phenolic and acidic component of the bamboo vinegar contributed to 100% mortality rate of the termite, some wood weight loss, and a decrease in the termite feeding rate. These results strongly recommend that bamboo vinegar from D. latiflorus Munro is a potential environmentally friendly preservative.

Pilot-scale Optimization of Parameters Related to Dissolved Oxygen for Mass Production of Pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001

Wa Gao(고와),Yi-Joon Kim(김이준),Chung-Han Chung(정정한),Jianhong Li(이잔홍),Jin-Woo Lee(이진우) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.10

Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001 균주를 사용하여 풀루란을 대량 생산을 위하여 7 l 및 100 l 생물배양기를 사용하여 용존산소와 관련된 조건을 최적화하였다. 풀루란의 생산에 최적인 탄소원과 질소원은 각각 50.0 g/l 포도당 및 2.5 g/l 효모추출물이었으며 플라스크 규모에서의 풀루란 변환율은 37%이었다. 풀루란 생산 균주의 생장에 최적인 배지의 초기 pH 및 배양온도는 7.5 및 30℃이었으나 풀루란의 생산에 최적인 배지의 초기 pH 및 배양 온도는 각각 6.0 및 25℃이었다. 7 l 생물배양기에서 Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001 균주의 생육에 최적인 교반속도 및 통기량은 각각 600 rpm 및 2.0 vvm이었으나 풀루란 생산에 최적인 조건은 각각 500 rpm 및 1.0 vvm이었으며 최적 조건에서 풀루란의 생산농도는 18.13 g/l이었다. 100 l 생물배양기에서 풀루란 생산 균주의 생장에 최적인 내압은 0.0 ㎏f/㎠이었으나, 풀루란 생산에 최적인 내압은 0.4 ㎏f/㎠이었으며 최적 조건에서 풀루란의 생산 농도는 22.89 g/l이었다. 이는 내압이 없는 상태에 비하여 풀루란의 생산 농도가 1.38배 증가한 것이다. Parameters related to dissolved oxygen for the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001 were optimized in 7 l and 100 l bioreactors. The optimal concentrations of glucose and yeast extract for the production of pullulan were 50.0 and 2.5 g/l, respectively, and its conversion rate from glucose was 37% at a flask scale. The optimal initial pH of the medium and temperature for cell growth were 7.5 and 30℃, whereas those for the production of pullulan were 6.0 and 25℃. The optimal agitation speed and aeration rate for cell growth were 600 rpm and 2.0 vvm in a 7 l bioreactor, whereas those for the production of pullulan were 500 rpm and 1.0 vvm. The production of pullulan with an optimized agitation speed of 500 rpm and aeration rate of 1.0 vvm was 18.13 g/l in a 7 l bioreactor. Maximal cell growth occurred without inner pressure, whereas the optimal inner pressure for the production of pullulan was 0.4 ㎏f/㎠ in a 100 l bioreactor. The production of pullulan under optimized conditions in this study was 22.89 g/l in a 100 l bioreactor, which was 1.38 times higher than that without inner pressure.

Optimization of Mineral Salts in Medium for Enhanced Production of Pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001 Using an Orthogonal Array Method

Wa Gao,Yi-Joon Kim,정정한,Jianhong Li,이진우 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.5

Based on intuitive analyses and statistical calculations using data from orthogonal array experiments,the optimal concentrations of K2HPO4, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O,and (NH4)2SO4 in cell growth medium of Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001 were measured as 7.5, 1.0, 0.1, and 2.4g/L, respectively, whereas those for the production of pullulan were 2.5, 0.25, 0.8, and 0.3 g/L, respectively. The most important factor for cell growth and production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 was identified as K2HPO4. Optimal concentrations of glucose and yeast extract, along with the initial pH of the cell growth medium of A. pullulans HP-2001 containing optimized salt concentrations, were found to be 100.0, 10.0, and 6.0 g/L, respectively, whereas those for the production of pullulan were 100.0, 2.5, and 6.0 g/L, respectively. Conversion rates of pullulan from 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0, and 100.0 g/L of glucose in the presence of optimized salt concentrations were 26.0, 25.2,22.4, 17.9, and 14.1%, respectively, whereas those in the presence of previously reported salt concentrations were 26.6, 25.2, 19.9, 14.3, and 11.7%, respectively. Optimal salt concentrations for the production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 varied according to the concentrations of the carbon and nitrogen sources, especially at higher concentrations.