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Can Equity and Efficiency Be Balanced? An Empirical Exploration
( Gyeo Reh Lee ) 한국행정학회 2021 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.-
The literature indicates that business-like approaches may eclipse or even discredit the other core values of public administration, such as democratic values, involving how the government warrants its responsibility and accountability to the public as well as promotes social equity. While bureaucratic values and democratic norms may require tradeoffs between them, this paper explores whether efficiency and equity can be united relying on the case of property taxation. The findings of this study suggest that enhancing efficiency does not necessarily undermine equity and present the possibility of optimizing the values of democracy and bureaucracy.
아연, 산화 아연 나노 입자가 오이에 미치는 독성 및 생물이용성
송이레(Yi Reh Sohng),남윤선(Yoon Sun Nam),이인숙(In Sook Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.7
Seedling 성장 실험은 나노입자에 대한 독성 평가로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 오이에 대한 나노 아연과 나노 산화 아연의 독성을 filter paper방법과 phytagel방법을 통해 평가해 보았다. 비교 결과 phytagel방법이 불용성인 나노아연, 산화 아연의 침전을 방지했다. 오이 seedling 길이는 노출된 나노 아연, 나노 산화 아연의 농도에 따라 filter 방법에서 음의 관계를 나타냈다. 나노 아연과 나노 산화 아연에 대한 오이의 EC50값은 598, 600 mg/L로 나타났다. Filter paper방법에서만 아연의 오이 내 생체 축적량은 노출된 나노 아연, 나노 산화 아연의 농도에 따라 증가하였다. 관찰 결과 filter paper방법이 phytagel 방법보다 더 좋은 protocol로 나타났다. Seedling growth test is used to assess toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). This study evaluates toxicity of zinc, zinc oxide NPs on Cucumis sativus using two methods; phytagel and filter paper. From the comparison, phytagel method prevents precipitation of water insoluble NPS. Seeding length was negatively related to the exposed concentration of Zn, ZnO NPs in filter method. The median effective concentrations (EC50) for C. sativus exposed to Zn, ZnO NPs were estimated about 598, 600 mg/L in filter method. Bioaccumulation increased with the exposed concentration of Zn, ZnO NPs in only filter method. The results showed that the filter paper method was much better protocol than phytagel method.
Time Trade-Off를 이용한 아동의 일반적 건강상태기술체계인 CH-6D의 가치평가
한겨레 ( Gyeo Reh Han ),강은정 ( Eun Jeong Kang ) 한국보건경제정책학회(구 한국보건경제학회) 2015 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.21 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 최근 국내에서 개발된 Child Health-6D(CH-6D)를 사용하여 정의할 수 있는 2,304가지 건강상태에 대한 가치를 나타내는 가치(tariff)를 산출하는 것이었다. 조사 대상은 거주지가 서울이고 20세 이상 성인 중 조사여부에 대한 동의를 얻은 사람에 한하여 173명으로 진행되었으며, 이들에게 26가지 건강상태에 대해 조사를 진행하였다. 분석방법으로는 변량효과 모형을 이용하였고, 각각의 level과 상호작용 변수를 각각 독립변수로 두고, 종속변수는 1-TTO의 가치값을 놓고 분석하였다. 최적모형의 가능성이 있는 모형은 Ea34m1sq+I3m1로 나타났으며, 이 모형의 MAE(Mean Absolute Error)값을 계산하여 0.0631을 얻었다. 이 추정모형을 사용하여 건강상태 2,304개에 대한 가치점수를 얻었다. 이 모형에서 level 4까지 있는 영역에서 level 4의 회귀계수의 크기는 친구들과 어울려 놀기, 공부, 운동/뛰기, 힘 순이었으며 level 3까지 있는 영역에서 level 3의 회귀계수는 기분, 아픔/불편감 순으로 나타났다. 전체 평균 ICC값은 0.835로 만족할 만한 수준이었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 tariff를 사용하여 향후 CH-6D의 신뢰성과 타당성 평가가 이뤄진다면 우리나라 고유의 특성을 반영하여 개발된 CH-6D의 임상 및 정책 활용도가 높아질 수있을 것이다. The objective of this study was to estimate the preference-based values of the 2,304 types of health states defined by the Child Health-6 Dimension (CH-6D) developed recently in South Korea. The subjects of this study were 173 Seoul dwellers who whose age was between 20 and 60. The subjects evaluated 26 health states using the time trade-off (TTO) method. A random effect model was used to estimate the values of the 2,304 health states. Various interaction variables as well as dummy variables estimating the main effect of each item were included in the model, while the dependent variable was defined as 1-TTO. The optimal model was turned out to be Ea34m1sq+I3m1 of which the mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.0631. Values of 2,304 health states were estimated using this model. Among the four items which had four levels, the regression coefficient of the level four was greatest for ‘playing with friends,’ followed by ‘studying,’ ‘exercising/running,’ and ‘vitality.’ Between the two items with three levels, the regression coefficient of ‘mood’ was greater than ‘pain/discomfort.’ Mean ICC at individual level was 0.835, which was satisfactory. Now that the tariff of the CH-6D is developed, further studies are needed for testing the validity and reliability of the CH6D so that the clinical and policy use of the CH-6D will be enhanced.
Platelet-derived Growth Factor Signaling and Human Cancer
Yu, Jiu-Hong,Ustach, Carolyn,ChoiKim, Hyeong-Reh Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2003 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.36 No.1
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a critical regulator of mesenchymal cell migration and proliferation. The vital functions of PDGFs for angiogenesis, as well as development of kidney, brain, cardiovascular system and pulmonary alveoli during embryogenesis, have been well demonstrated by gene knock-out approaches. Clinical studies reveal that aberrant expression of PDGF and its receptor is often associated with a variety of disorders including atherosclerosis, fibroproliferative diseases of lungs, kidneys and joints, and neoplasia. PDGF contributes to cancer development and progression by both autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms. In this review article, important features of the PDGF isoforms and their cell surface receptor subunits are discussed, with regards to signal transduction, PDGF-isoform specific cellular response, and involvement in angiogenesis, and tumorstromal interactions.