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Leaf Architectural Studies in the Asteraceae - 2
Ravindranath K .,J . A . Inamdar 한국식물학회 1985 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.28 No.1
Leaf architectural studies have been made in 15 genera and 25 species belonging to 6 tribes of the Asteraceae. Major venation pattern conforms to pinnate craspedodromous(simple and semi), pinnate camptodromous with festooned brochidodromous secondaries, acrodromous and actinodromous. Qualitative leaf features and numerical data regarding the venation pattern are charted. Areoles of different sizes and shapes are observed. Tracheids occur either solitary or in groups. Grouped tracheids are either uniseriate, biseriate or multiseriate. Isolated free vein endings are observed in Centratherum phyllolaenum. Bundle sheath is prominent in Xanthium strumarium. Secretory cavities are observed in the lamina of Tricholepis amplexicaulis.
Exploring New Paradigms in High-Density Vertical Hybrids
Ravindranath, Swinal Samant,Menon, Srilakshmi Jayasankar Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2018 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.7 No.2
By the year 2050, the world population is set to increase to 9 billion people, of which 66% will be living in cities. It is argued that this will inevitably lead to further urban densification and soaring, inhumane and dense vertical environments. However, innovative and disruptive technologies impacting all realms of life means that we will also live, work, play, learn and make in novel ways, the beginnings of which are already becoming evident. These present opportunities for reimagining city environments, and in particular tall buildings, with a focus on reducing redundancies and re-appropriating existing buildings, creating novel hybrid environments, incorporating green and social democratic spaces, and integrating multiple modes of transport. This paper examines how vertical cities may perhaps be dense, resource efficient, and yet humane, presenting three possible scenarios for Singapore's context, which are, however, common to many Asian high-density urban environments. The scenarios presented are the outcome of Final-Year Thesis Projects undertaken by final-year architecture students at the National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2017.
Effects of targeted remediation in anatomy for first year medical students
Nachiket Shankar,Nachiket Shankar,Yogitha Ravindranath,Roopa Ravindranath,Henal Shah 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a questionnaire to guide targeted remediation among undergraduate medical students in anatomy. Seventy-five students from a medical college in South India who failed in the first internal theory examination were administered a validated 35-item questionnaire. The total and domain specific questionnaire scores were calculated. Specific weekly interventions for each student based on the questionnaire scores were conducted by appointed academic mentors for three months prior to the second internal examination. The dependent variable was performance in the second internal examination. The students were re-administered the questionnaire after the second internal examination. The independent variables were the marks obtained in the first internal examination, domain specific and total questionnaire scores, sex, and regularity of the student in attending the remedial sessions. Inferential statistical tests used were the chi-square test, independent sample t test, paired t test, multiple regression and binomial logistic regression. Of the 75 students who underwent remediation, 54 (72%) passed in the second internal examination. The scores in the second internal examination among these students was found to be significantly higher as compared to the first internal examination. The total, subject related and study skills questionnaire score were significantly lower after remediation. Students who were irregular had a significantly lower pass rate. The multivariate analysis showed that only the first internal marks added significantly to the prediction about second internal performance. This study provides evidence to show that struggling students perceive a benefit from targeted remediation.
Kim, Ju-Hyun,Ravindranath, V.,Shin, Sung-Chul WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.204 No.12
<P>Amorphous Terfenol-D films were deposited on piezoelectric PMN-PT single crystal substrates in order to study the effect of an electric field-induced stress on its magnetic properties. The stress was generated by a voltage applied across the PMN-PT substrate by means of a bottom Au electrode and a Pt capping layer (top electrode) deposited on Terfenol-D. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of the PMN-PT substrate, the Terfenol-D film is subjected to an isotropic planar stress. For a voltage variation from 0–90 V, an increase in the coercivity from 385 Oe to 444 Oe has been observed. This may be due to an increase in the compressive stress on the film, which is explained by a model describing the stress dependence of the domain wall pinning strength. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
Lee, Jung Woo,Viswan, Ravindranath,Choi, Yoon Jeong,Lee, Yeob,Kim, Se Yun,Cho, Jaehun,Jo, Younghun,Kang, Jeung Ku WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.19 No.14
<P>Using conventional methods to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with uniform size is a challenging task. Moreover, the degradation of magnetic NPs is an obstacle to practical applications. The fabrication of silica-shielded magnetite NPs on carbon nitride nanotubes (CNNTs) provides a possible route to overcome these problems. While the nitrogen atoms of CNNTs provide selective nucleation sites for NPs of a particular size, the silica layer protects the NPs from oxidation. The morphology and crystal structure of NP–CNNT hybrid material is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the atomic nature of the N atoms in the NP–CNNT system is studied by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (nitrogen K-edge) and calculations of the partial density of states based on first principles. The structure of the silica-shielded NP–CNNT system is analyzed by TEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, and their magnetism is measured by vibrating sample and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometers. The silica shielding helps maintain the superparamagnetism of the NPs; without the silica layer, the magnetic properties of NP–CNNT materials significantly degrade over time.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) of uniform size are anchored onto the outer surface of carbon nitride nanotubes (CNNTs) because the CNNT nitrogen atoms provide selective nucleation sites. Shielding the NP–CNNT hybrid materials with silica (see image on left) helps maintain the magnetic properties of the NPs; without a silica layer, the magnetic performance in water of the NP–CNNT materials significantly degrade over time (see plot on right). <img src='wiley_img/1616301X-2009-19-14-ADFM200801498-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/1616301X-2009-19-14-ADFM200801498-content'> </P>
M. Harsha Vardhan Reddy,T. Bramhananda Reddy,B. Ravindranath Reddy,M. Suryakalavathi 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.6
Conventional space vector pulse width modulation based asymmetrical dual inverter configuration produces high common mode voltage (CMV) variations. This CMV causes the flow of common mode current, which adversely affects the motor bearings and electromagnetic interference of nearby electronic systems. In this study, a simple and generalized carrier based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is proposed for dual inverter configuration. This simple approach generates various continuous and discontinuous modulating signals based PWM algorithms. With the application of the discontinuous modulating signal based PWM algorithm to the asymmetrical dual inverter configuration, the CMV can be reduced with a slightly improved quality of output voltage. The performance of the continuous and discontinuous modulating signals based PWM algorithms is explored through both theoretical and experimental studies. Results show that the discontinuous modulating signal based PWM algorithm efficiently reduces the CMV and switching losses.
Vidya C. Shrikantaiah,Manjaunatha Basappa,Sangita Hazrika,Roopa Ravindranath 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.4
Portal vein provides about three-fourths of liver’s blood supply. Portal vein is formed behind the neck of pancreas, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra and formed from the convergence of superior mesenteric and splenic veins. The purpose of this study is to review the normal distribution and variation, morphometry of portal vein and its branches for their implication in liver surgery and preoperative portal vein embolization. It is also helpful for radiologists while performing radiological procedures. A total of fresh 40 livers with intact splenic and superior mesenteric vein were collected from the mortuary of Forensic Department, JSS Medical College and Mysuru Medical College. The silicone gel was injected into the portal vein and different segments were identified and portal vein variants were noted. The morphometry of portal vein was measured by using digital sliding calipers. The different types of portal vein segmental variants were observed. The present study showed predominant type I in 90% cases, type II 7.5% cases, and type III 2.5% cases. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of length of right portal vein among males and females were 2.096±0.602 cm and 1.706±0.297 cm, respectively. Mean and SD of length of left portal vein among males and females were 3.450±0.661 cm and 3.075±0.632 cm, respectively. The difference in the Mean among the males and females with respect to length of right portal vein and left portal vein was found to be statistically significant (P=0.010). Prior knowledge of variations regarding the formation, termination and tributaries of portal vein are very helpful and important for surgeons to perform liver surgeries like liver transplantation, segmentectomy and for Interventional Radiologists.