Energy Efficient Clean and Green IT : Concepts and Approaches

Kartik kalia,Deepa Singh Sisodiya,Dinesh Sharma,Vishok Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.6

Green IT practice is essential to minimize electricity bill. We have done our analysis on power consumption of computer. We have stated different management policies for reduction in energy consumption. Energy Star (ES) programme of the United States promotes energy efficiency in electronics products that provides an exceptional productivity as compared to the old or traditional systems. Energy Star program has been adopted by many countries to make a move towards Clean and Green environment. ES labels can be easily found on electronic appliances at homes, offices, buildings and many other places. Depending upon the devices, using these policies can result between 30%-90% of less power consumption. In our analysis, we got a reduction of 40% less power consumption in computers after implementing management policies. In this work, we are estimating power bill, and analyzing its economical feasibility along with that we are proposing a plan to reduce power consumption of academia and Institute. We have also discussed about management policies for disposal of e-waste.

Abstracts : Session 1 ; New Trends in Drug Delivery : Topical Drug Delivery: Improving Efficacy and Creating New Therapeutic Opportunities

( Yogeshvar N Kalia ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Topically administered therapeutic agents that rely on passive diffusion to reach their target must combine potency and the correct balance of physicochemical properties to ensure pharmacological efficacy. Locally-acting drugs need to enter and to cross the stratum corneum before passing into the viable epidermis (the target for many dermatologic agents) or penetrate even further (as is the case for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Molecular transport depends on two distinct physical processes: (i) partitioning of the drug between the formulation and the stratum corneum (in the case of healthy skin or diseased skin with an intact barrier) and (ii) diffusion through the biological membrane. The first step is thermodynamic in nature . governed by the relative affinities of the molecule for the two phases - whereas the second is a kinetic process in which the rate of transport is determined by the molecular diffusivity in the biological matrix. Many potentially useful therapeutic agents, with good pharmacological activity, lack the requisite physicochemical properties to ensure efficient delivery. As a result, different methods have been investigated in order to enhance molecular transport kinetics. These approaches rely on several strategies including (i) chemical modification to make drug physicochemical properties more amenable to entry into the stratum corneum (e.g., esterification), (ii) use of advanced formulation techniques to encapsulate the active ingredient (e.g., micelles or liposomes, again to favour partitioning), (iii) incorporation of excipients that alter solubility or act as chemical penetration enhancers that perturb the diffusional barrier, (iv) application of an additional driving force to complement the flux due to the concentration gradient (e.g., the electric potential gradient used in iontophoresis) and (v) reversible impairment of skin barrier function through mechanical or physical means (e.g., lasers, microneedles or radio-frequency). In summary, these techniques significantly expand the range of therapeutics that can be considered for administration into the skin and provide new treatment options for the clinician. In this presentation, I will provide an overview of these methods - including the molecules studied and the results achieved.

비올라-존스 오브젝트 검출법을 이용한 빠르고 정확한 얼굴 검출기

로빈 칼리아(Robin Kalia),이근동(Keun-Dong Lee),사미르(B.Venkata Rama Samir) 대한전자공학회 2010 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.6

Scaling Up Face Masks Classification Using a Deep Neural Network and Classical Method Inspired Hybrid Technique

Akhil Kumar,Arvind Kalia,Kinshuk Verma,Akashdeep Sharma,Manisha Kaushal,Aayushi Kalia 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.11

Classification of persons wearing and not wearing face masks in images has emerged as a new computer vision problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to address this problem and scale up the research in this domain, in this paper a hybrid technique by employing ResNet-101 and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier has been proposed. The proposed technique is tested and validated on a self-created face masks classification dataset and a standard dataset. On self-created dataset, the proposed technique achieved a classification accuracy of 97.3%. To embrace the proposed technique, six other state-of-the-art CNN feature extractors with six other classical machine learning classifiers have been tested and compared with the proposed technique. The proposed technique achieved better classification accuracy and 1-6% higher precision, recall, and F1 score as compared to other tested deep feature extractors and machine learning classifiers.

A Primer on Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Medically Refractory Epilepsy

Lee, Eun Jung,Kalia, Suneil K.,Hong, Seok Ho The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2019 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.62 No.3

Epilepsy surgery that eliminates the epileptogenic focus or disconnects the epileptic network has the potential to significantly improve seizure control in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has been an established option for epilepsy surgery since the US Food and Drug Administration cleared the use of MRgLITT in neurosurgery in 2007. MRgLITT is an ablative stereotactic procedure utilizing heat that is converted from laser energy, and the temperature of the tissue is monitored in real-time by MR thermography. Real-time quantitative thermal monitoring enables titration of laser energy for cellular injury, and it also estimates the extent of tissue damage. MRgLITT is applicable for lesion ablation in cases that the epileptogenic foci are localized and/or deep-seated such as in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hypothalamic hamartoma. Seizure-free outcomes after MRgLITT are comparable to those of open surgery in well-selected patients such as those with mesial temporal sclerosis. Particularly in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. In addition, MRgLITT can also be applied to ablate multiple discrete lesions of focal cortical dysplasia and tuberous sclerosis complex without the need for multiple craniotomies, as well as disconnection surgery such as corpus callosotomy. Careful planning of the target, the optimal trajectory of the laser probe, and the appropriate parameters for energy delivery are paramount to improve the seizure outcome and to reduce the complication caused by the thermal damage to the surrounding critical structures.

Clock Gating Based Energy Efficient and Thermal Aware Design of Latin Unicode Reader for Natural Language Processing on FPGA

Ritu Singh,Kartik Kalia,M H Minver,M Akbar Hussain 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.8

In this paper we have aimed to design an energy efficient and thermally aware Latin Unicode Reader. Our design is based on 28nm FPGA (Kintex-7) and 40nm FPGA (Artix-7). In order to test the portability of our design, we are operating our design with respective frequency of different mobile architecture. For thermal analysis of our energy efficient design, we have taken temperatures of four different regions from reference. Latin Unicode reader takes 16-bit hexadecimal code of alphabet and clock input. At the end we can conclude that the maximum power consumption is at 2.2GHz and minimum power consumption is at 1.2GHz. When we talk in terms of temperature we can see that maximum power is consumed at 329.85K and minimum power is consumed at 294.15K. And also the power dissipation is less in the case of 40nm (Artix-6) and is more in the case of 28nm (Kintex-7). Changing the parameter (Temperature) doesn’t affect the clock power in both cases (Gated and Non-gated).

Efficient IP Traffic over Optical Network Based on Wavelength Translation Switching

Vikas Jha,Kartik Kalia,Bhawani Shankar Chowdhary,D M Akbar Hussain,Deepa Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.7

With the advent of TCP/IP protocol suite the overall era of communication technologies had been redefined. Now, we can’t ignore the presence of huge amount of IP traffic; data, voice or video increasing day by day creating more pressure on existing communicating media and supporting back bone. With the humongous popularity of Internet the overall traffic on Internet has the same story. Focusing on transmission of IP traffic in an optical network with signals remaining in their optical nature generated at particular wavelength, proposed is the switching of optically generated IP packets through optical cross connects based on translation of wavelength when an IP packet is crossing the optical cross connect. Adding the concepts of layer 3 routing protocols along with the wavelength translation scheme, will help in spanning the overall optical network for a larger area.

Role of a remote leucine residue in the catalytic function of polyol dehydrogenase

Tiwari, Manish Kumar,Kalia, Vipin C.,Kang, Yun Chan,Lee, Jung-Kul The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Molecular bioSystems Vol.10 No.12

<P>Studies on the protein–metal binding sites have mainly focused on the residues immediately surrounding the reacting substrate, cofactors, and metal ions. The contribution of residues in remote layers to the highly optimized microenvironments of catalytic active sites is not well understood. To improve our understanding, the present study examined the role of remote residues on the structure and function of zinc-dependent polyol dehydrogenases. We used an integrated computational and biochemical approach to determine the role of L136 in the third shell of the <SMALL>L</SMALL>-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (LAD) from <I>Neurospora crassa</I>. Substitution of L136 with charged (Asp, Lys, or His) and bulky (Trp) side chain amino acids abolished enzyme activity. Whereas the L136A mutant exhibited a 95% decrease in catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>), the L136C mutant exhibited a 39% decrease in <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamic simulations on the mutant (L136A, L136C, L136H, and L136P) complexes showed the loss of crucial H-bonds between G77 and the corresponding mutated residue. It is evident from theoretical and biochemical studies that the L136 is part of the extensive hydrogen bonding network coupled to the reaction catalyzed at the active site. We propose that L136, critically positioned behind the active site residues H78 and E79 in the third shell of LAD, plays a crucial role in modulating catalysis or substrate binding by stabilizing the GHE motif in the LAD active site.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This study examined the role of remote residues on the structure and function of zinc-dependent polyol dehydrogenases. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4mb00459k'> </P>

Impact of different levels of non-Bt cotton refuges on pest populations, bollworm damage, and Bt cotton production

G.T. Gujar,V. Kalia,G.K. Bunker,S. Dhurua 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.4

The impact of structured strip row refugia (varying from 10% to 50%) in the Bt cotton crops JKCH1947Bt (producing one toxin, Cry1Ac) and MRC7017BGII (producing two toxins, Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) on the pest complex and cotton yield was studied. During the cropping season (June 2008 to November 2008), sucking pest incidence was negligible. However, the incidences of spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, and the leafroller,Sylepta derogata, were high on the non-Bt cotton. The total cotton seed yield of the Bt crop plus the refuge decreased proportionately with respect to the increase in proportion of non-Bt cotton. Total cotton production decreased significantly when 40% non-Bt cotton was planted as refuge. These studies showed that a refuge of up to 30% non-Bt cotton in JKCH1947Bt and up to 20% non-Bt cotton in MRC7017Bt did not affect total seed cotton yield compared to 100% Bt cotton.

Laccase Immobilization on Copper-Magnetic Nanoparticles for Efficient Bisphenol Degradation

Patel Sanjay K. S.,Kalia Vipin C.,Lee Jung-Kul 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.1

Laccase activity is influenced by copper (Cu) as an inducer. In this study, laccase was immobilized on Cu and Cu-magnetic (Cu/Fe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve enzyme stability and potential applications. The Cu/Fe2O4 NPs functionally activated by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde exhibited an immobilization yield and relative activity (RA) of 93.1 and 140%, respectively. Under optimized conditions, Cu/Fe2O4 NPs showed high loading of laccase up to 285 mg/g of support and maximum RA of 140% at a pH 5.0 after 24 h of incubation (4o C). Immobilized laccase, as Cu/Fe2O4-laccase, had a higher optimum pH (4.0) and temperature (45o C) than those of a free enzyme. The pH and temperature profiles were significantly improved through immobilization. Cu/Fe2O4-laccase exhibited 25-fold higher thermal stability at 65o C and retained residual activity of 91.8% after 10 cycles of reuse. The degradation of bisphenols was 3.9-fold higher with Cu/Fe2O4- laccase than that with the free enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, Rhus vernicifera laccase immobilization on Cu or Cu/Fe2O4 NPs has not yet been reported. This investigation revealed that laccase immobilization on Cu/Fe2O4 NPs is desirable for efficient enzyme loading and high relative activity, with remarkable bisphenol A degradation potential.