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เป็ดฟ้ยอุดมพันธ์ ( Cherdchai Udonphan ) 한국태국학회 2005 한국태국학회논총 Vol.12 No.-
This article aims to classify the words appearing in both Thai and Indonesian languages. They are classified into 2 main groups: 1) the borrowing words group, 2) the similar words group. The borrowing words in Thai and Indonesian come from Pali- Sanskrit, Chinese, Khmer, Java and Arabic-Persian languages. Most of the borrowing words are used in the same semantic flinction in both languages. The similar words in Thai and Indonesian are the Malay loanwords in Thai and the unspecified words. The laster group has been controversial that Thai and Indonesian might belong to the same language family: Austo-Thai.
Nadia Soledad Alegre,Cecilia Claudia Garcia,Luis Ariel Billordo,Beatriz Ameigeiras,Daniel Poncino,Javier Benavides,Luis Colombato,Alejandra Claudia Cherñavsky 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.2
Background/Aims: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) modulate T cell responses in diverse diseases. Co-stimulation of T cell activation via TLR9 induces production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), priming of which is critical for differentiation of proinflammatory macrophages. These macrophages have a crucial role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the expression of TLR9 protein on T cells and the consequences of TLR9-mediated triggering of these cells in patients with NAFLD. Methods: Our study included 34 patients with simple steatosis, 34 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, eight patients with NAFLD who met general diagnostic criteria but lacked histological diagnosis, and 51 control subjects. We used a synthetic TLR9 ligand to co-stimulate T cells. We measured TLR9 expression in liver and peripheral T cells and CD69 and IFN-γ as phenotypic markers of T cell activation and differentiation by flow cytometry. Results: TLR9 expression on liver and peripheral T cells was lowest in patients with simple steatosis and was positively associated with anthropometric, biochemical, and histopathological features of NAFLD. In vitro co-stimulation of T cells from patients with simple steatosis induced a limited number of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. At baseline, these patients showed a low frequency of circulating type 1 CD8+ cells. Conclusions: The positive associations between TLR9 and anthropometric, clinical, and histological features and the crucial role of IFN-γ-in NAFLD suggest that limited TLR9 expression and production of IFN-γ play a protective role in patients with simple steatosi
Cher Won Hwang 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4
In the present study, we analyzed the defensin protein deduced from Korean radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds.To express the genes in E. coli, we constructed a recombinant expression vector with a defensin gene, named rKRs-AFP gene isolated from Korean radish seeds. Over expressed rKRs-AFP proteins was separated by SDS-PAGE to determine the purity, and protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. Antifungal activity was assessed by disk assay method against the tested fungi. As a result, when 500 mL of cell culture were disrupted by sonicator, 32.5 mg total proteins were obtained. The purified protein showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with estimated molecular weight about 6 KDa, consistent with the molecular mass calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence. The purified rKRs-AFP protein showed remarkable antifungal activities against several fungi including Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea causing the gray mold disease, and Candida albicans. In field tests using the purified rKRs-AFP protein, the protein showed the reducing activity of disease spot and the mitigating effect of spreading of disease like agrichemicals. The immuno-assay of rKRs-AFP protein showed that the purified protein entirely accumulated at B. cinerea cytoplasm through the hyphal septa shown by fluorescence imaging. There was no fluorescence inside the cell, when the hypha was incubated without the protein. These all results indicate that the recombinant rKRs-AFP proteins can be utilized as a potential antifungal drug to control harmful plant fungal pathogens.
( Cher Heng Tan ),( Sudhakar Kundapur Venkatesh ) 대한간학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.5
Recent advances in the noninvasive imaging of chronic liver disease have led to improvements in diagnosis, particularly with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A comprehensive evaluation of the liver may be performed with the quantification of the degree of hepatic steatosis, liver iron concentration, and liver fibrosis. In addition, MRI of the liver may be used to identify complications of cirrhosis, including portal hypertension, ascites, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review article, we discuss the state of the art techniques in liver MRI, namely, magnetic resonance elastography, hepatobiliary phase MRI, and liver fat and iron quantification MRI. The use of these advanced techniques in the management of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, will be elaborated. (Gut Liver 2016;10:672-686)
Tan Cher Heng,Chou Shu-cheng,Inmutto Nakarin,Ma Ke,Sheng RuoFan,Shi YingHong,Zhou Zhongguo,Yamada Akira,Tateishi Ryosuke 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.7
Gadoxetate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical practice for liver imaging. For optimal use, we must understand both its advantages and limitations. This article is the outcome of an online advisory board meeting and subsequent discussions by a multidisciplinary group of experts on liver diseases across the Asia-Pacific region, first held on September 28, 2020. Here, we review the technical considerations for the use of gadoxetate, its current role in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its relevance in consensus guidelines for HCC imaging diagnosis. In the latter part of this review, we examine recent evidence evaluating the impact of gadoxetate on clinical outcomes on a continuum from diagnosis to treatment decision-making and follow-up. In conclusion, we outline the potential future roles of gadoxetate MRI based on an evolving understanding of the clinical utility of this contrast agent in the management of patients at risk of, or with, HCC.
Lim Cher Ping,Juliana,Liang Min 서울대학교 교육연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.21 No.4
Continuous teacher professional development (TPD) ensures that teachers have the capacity to continually plan and implement quality teaching and learning that supports students in achieving their expected program/course learning outcomes. However, teachers’ access to quality TPD is a challenge due to geographical limitations, gender, special needs, marginalized communities, and the government’s policies, or lack of policies, regarding teachers. There are tensions between quality and equity, and cost implications that may hinder the scaling up of quality TPD programs. This paper adopts an activity theory approach to examine how a teacher learning center (TLC) in a regency of Indonesia enhances teachers’ access to quality TPD. The findings reveal that teachers learn in the TLC through different TPD activities. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are found to mediate the professional learning activities, learning resources, learning support, and assessments in the TLC. Furthermore, three key stakeholders—the local government, teacher working groups, and school principals—play significant roles in supporting teachers’ professional learning in the TLC.