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Low-dose Radiation Induces Antitumor Effects and Erythrocyte System Hormesis
Yu, Hong-Sheng,Liu, Zi-Min,Yu, Xiao-Yun,Song, Ai-Qin,Liu, Ning,Wang, Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7
Objective: Low dose radiation may stimulate the growth and development of animals, increase life span, enhance fertility, and downgrade the incidence of tumor occurrence.The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect and hormesis in an erythrocyte system induced by low-dose radiation. Methods: Kunming strain male mice were subcutaneously implanted with S180 sarcoma cells in the right inguen as an experimental in situ animal model. Six hours before implantation, the mice were given 75mGy whole body X-ray radiation. Tumor growth was observed 5 days later, and the tumor volume was calculated every other day. Fifteen days later, all mice were killed to measure the tumor weight, and to observe necrotic areas and tumor-infiltration-lymphoreticular cells (TILs). At the same time, erythrocyte immune function and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EPO and VEGFR of tumor tissues. Results: The mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation had a lower tumor formation rate than those without low dose radiation (P < 0.05). The tumor growth slowed down significantly in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation; the average tumor weight in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation was lighter too (P < 0.05). The tumor necrosis areas were larger and TILs were more in the radiation group than those of the group without radiation. The erythrocyte immune function, the level of 2,3-DPG in the low dose radiation group were higher than those of the group without radiation (P < 0.05). After irradiation the expression of EPO of tumor tissues in LDR group decreased with time. LDR-24h, LDR-48h and LDR-72h groups were all statistically significantly different from sham-irradiation group. The expression of VEGFR also decreased, and LDR-24h group was the lowest (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low dose radiation could markedly increase the anti-tumor ability of the organism and improve the erythrocyte immune function and the ability of carrying $O_2$. Low-dose total body irradiation, within a certain period of time, can decrease the expression of hypoxia factor EPO and VEGFR, which may improve the situation of tumor hypoxia and radiosensitivity of tumor itself.
이옥자 ( Yu Zi Li ) 아세아여성법학연구소 2005 아세아여성법학 Vol.8 No.-
Health is one of the fundamental rights of human. To protect the health right of women is essential to women`s health , and concerns the sustaining and stable social development in China. China has a population of 1300 million. Among themm, over 900 million are farmers, half of which are women. The health condition and development of women in rural areas of China not only influents the future development in such areas directly, but also affects the development of the whole country. China carries out the policy of development of west areas to maintain the sustaining and stable social development in the beginning of 21 century. Most of Chinese minorities gather in western rural areas of China. The project to develop western areas does not work without the development of woman-minority that mainly bases on the degree of health of such women. To protext health and the health right of woman-minority in China is groundwork in the development of the whole areas and a key point in the great project of development of western areas. <Beijing Declaration> which announced by the 4th worold woment forum of UN in Beijing in 1995 emphasizes that it should insure the equal opportunity and treatment of edutation and health care between men and women, and enhance the sexual and procreative health of women and the education of sex and procreate (Art.30). Part 4 of <the development program of Chinese Women in 2001-2002> provides "women and health", specifies the main goal of guaranteeing the basic hygienic service to Chinese women and enhancing the health degree and length of anticipated life of women. The protection of the health right of women inrural areas of China is still in the "gray area" according to the investigation. The investigation of poverty population shows: illness not only means exhaustion of family saving, but also countless debts. The main reason causing poverty in such case i s there is no integratedsocial security system in rural areas in China. The fundamentalaction to protect the health right of woman in rural areas is to establish social health service and health care system, to integrate heygienic legal system, and to enforce the social health service legally. Secondly, procreation is the only way for human to continue while women paly crucial rples in this progress. The women`s health determines the future health of the whole nationality. To ensure propagation and enhance the quality of the population, women`s health must be protected. However, the provreative health of woman minority in rural areas in China is threatened by the behindhand medical condition; the health right is violated because of lacking independence, and of the obsolete mind which says "men is superior than women". To protect these women`s procreative health, people`s idea must be renovated. Meanwhile, the administration of Planned Parenthood should be emphasized and the interrelated services should be enhanced. Furthemore, family violence is something like cancer thatis the main cassation of death and isability of woman minority. The cases of amily violence naver go to end, and women`s hlysical and psychological health is greatly injured. Meanwhile, the forgiveness from the victims and spciety and the inmaturity of the legal system makes things worse. Although "to prohibit family violence" is a fundamental principle stipulated by the Chinese Family Law, a new, specific law to prevent family violence should be enacted which punishes the viplator by legal process and guarantee the physicaland psychological health rights and in terests of all Chinese women including the woman minority in rural areas.
일반논문 : 중국어권 한국어 학습자의 한자어 오류 분석
채옥자 ( Yu Zi Cai ) 전남대학교 인문학연구소 2014 용봉인문논총 Vol.- No.45
중국어권 한국어 학습자들이 산출한 한자어 오류의 유형은 우선 한국어와 중국어에서 한자구조가 같은 경우와 다른 경우의 오류 유형으로 나누어진다. 즉 한자구성요소가 같은 이른 바 同型의 한자어 오류와 한자구성요소가 다른 異型의 한자어 오류로 나누어지며 동형의 한자어 오류는 의미적으로 세분되어 어휘의미가 다른 경우, 문법의미가 다른 경우, 정서적 의미가 다른 경우, 연어 관계가 다른 경우 및 문체적 특성이 다른 경우 등의 유형으로 나누어진다. 다음 다른 한자 구조로 이루어진 경우는 어순이 도치되는 경우, 한자 요소가 부분적으로 다른 경우 및 전혀다른 경우 등의 유형으로 나누어지고 있다. 따라서 중국어권 학습자를 위한 한자어 교육은 우선 중국어와 형태적으로 같은 한자구성요소로 이루어졌는지 다른 한자구성요소로 이루어졌는지 확인하고 같은 한자구성 요소일 경우에는 의미론적으로 어떤 차이가 있는지 알려 주며 그 다음 용법 면에서 문법적인 면, 문체적인 면, 색채적인 면 및 연어적인 면에서 어떤 차이가 있는지 가르쳐준다. 다음 다른 한자구성요소일 경우에는 구성요소가 같지만 어순만 다른 지, 한자 구성 요소가 일부 다른 지 아니면 전혀 다른 지 등을 면밀히 밝혀 주어야 할 것이다. 이로써 학생들이 산출할 수 있는 오류를 미리 예측함으로써 보다 효율적인 한자어 교육 내지 어휘교육을 지향할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. The errors of sino-korean words using for the Chinese learners of Korean can be divided into two types according to whether the chinese character``s structure in Korean and Chinese is the same or not. That is to say, we call it error of the same shape when the component is similar and error of the different shape when the component has difference. If we classify the errors of the same shape in a semantic way, it can contains conditions such as different vocabulary meaning, different grammar meaning, different emotional meaning, different collocation relations and different stylistic characteristic and so on. When the shape is the same, there are conditions of word order inversion, partial difference or complete difference in structure. As for the chinese learners, we should confirm whether the component of Korean word is similar to the relevant chinese character or not. If it is similar, we must firstly tell the students what is the semantic difference, secondly the grammar, stylistic and the collocation difference. If it is not the same, the type of different word order with the same component and the type of absolute difference in component must be complained. This can make us suppose the possible errors in advance and may make the sino-korean words even the vocabulary education more efficient.