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A 90-day Repeated-Dosed Toxicity Study of Euphorbiae kansui radix Extract in Fischer 344/N Rats
Zhong-Ze Han,Hu-Song Zhang,Ki-Hyun Gil,Joo-Young Lee,Kwang-Han Kong,Myoung-Kyu Han,Hyun-Ju Yang,Hak-Soo Kim,Do-Hyung Kim,Tae-Hwan Ahn,Jin-Sook Bae,Hyun-Kyu Ko,Jung-Woon Lee,Moon-Soon Kim,Si-Whan Song 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.4
This study was performed to evaluate repeated-dose toxicities of Euphorbiae kansui radix extract in F344/N rats. Euphorbiae kansui radix extract was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0, 37, 111, 333, 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day. Each group consisted of 10 rats of each gender. The Euphorbiae Kansui, Radix extract was given once a day, 5 times a week, for 90 day repeatedly. This study was conducted in accordance with the Protocol of Korea National Toxicology Program (issued by National Institute of Toxicological Research) and The Standards of Toxicity Study for Medicinal Products (issued by Korea Food and Drug Administration). In the present study, there were no dose-related changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weights, ophthalmoscopy, urine analysis, hematological findings, estrus cycle and sperm examination of all animals treated with Euphorbiae kansui radix extract. There were increases of liver weights in 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day groups of males and in 333, 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day groups of females. There were decreases of alkaline phosphatase levels in 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day groups of both sexes. These results suggest that the oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the test item, Euphorbiae kansui radix extract, in rats is 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day in both genders; no-observed-effect level (NOEL) is 1,000 ㎎/㎏/day in male and 111 ㎎/㎏/day in female. The target organs were thought to be liver and thymus.
Zhong-Ze Han,Hong-De Xu,Kwang-Ho Kim,Tae-Hwan Ahn,Jin-Sook Bae,Ji-Young Lee,Ki-Hyun Gil,Joo-Young Lee,Su-Jung Woo,Hyun-Jung Yoo,Hyun-Kul Lee,Kap-Ho Kim,Chan-Koo Park,Hu-Song Zhang,Si-Whan Song 한국실험동물학회 2010 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.26 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to provide reference data related to the body weight, food & water consumptions, urinalysis, hematology and serum biochemistry parameters and absolute & relative organ weights obtained from control Sprague-Dawley rats, used in the 4-week and 13-week repeated-dose toxicity studies conducted in our laboratory between 2005 and 2008. The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum range values for hematology and serum biochemistry parameters, data of absolute & relative organ weights, and the difference between sexes and study duration of week 4 versus 13 week are presented. The studies were conducted according to “the standards of Toxicity Study for Medicinal Products” (2005) and The KFDA Notification No. 2000-63 ‘Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)’ (2000) issued by KFDA. These data could be used as reference material of Sprague-Dawley rats by conducting the studies to evaluate the toxicological profile of pre-clinical toxicity studies.
Conventional breeding strategy in China
Piao Zhong-Ze 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
The most noticeable achievement of agriculture in China is that about 7% of the world’s arable land feed 23% of the world’s population. New varieties of rice breeding and its production play an important role in this great achievement. Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China. More than 60% of the population in China takes rice as the staple food. Rice production accounts for 40% of the total grain output. With the increase of the population, the demand for rice will continue to grow. Therefore, breeding new rice varieties to improve rice production will play a crucial role to ensure food security in 21st century. This paper reviews the development course of rice production and breeding technologies of our country, and the achievements of rice breeding technology as well as the present situation of rice traditional breeding and molecular breeding.