Effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen

Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Wu, Caixia,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhao, Guo qi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.9

Objective: The effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16S ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) analysis. Methods: Four primiparous Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design and fed a total mixed ration to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) was added at the rates of 0 (A, control), 20 (B), 60 (C), or 100 (D) mg per kg of heifer BW. Results: The number of operational taxonomic units in heifers given higher levels of flavonoid extract (C and D) was higher than for the two other treatments. The Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices for treatment C were significantly higher than for the other treatments (p<0.05). The number of phyla and genera increased linearly with increasing dietary supplementation of AFE (p<0.05). The principal co-ordinates analysis plot showed substantial differences in the microbial flora for the four treatments. The microbial flora in treatment A was similar to that in B, C, and D were similar by the weighted analysis. The richness of Tenericutes at the phylum level tended to increase with increasing AFE (p = 0.10). The proportion of Euryarchaeota at the phylum level increased linearly, whereas the proportion of Fusobacteria decreased linearly with increasing AFE supplementation (p = 0.04). The percentage of Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter, and Asteroleplasma at the genus level decreased linearly with increasing AFE (p<0.05). The abundance of Spirochaeta, Succinivibrio, and Suttonella at the genus level tended to decrease linearly with increasing AFE (0.05<p<0.10). Conclusion: Including AFE in the diet of dairy cows may alter the microbial composition of the rumen; however its effect on nutrient digestibility remains to be determined.

Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immune system, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows

Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhang, Chungang,Zhao, Guoqi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immunity, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Methods: The experiments employed four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas, and used a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Cattle were fed total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control group, Con), 20, 60, or 100 mg of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) per kg of dairy cow body weight (BW). Results: The feed intake of the group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the group receiving 100 mg/kg BW. Milk yields and the fat, protein and lactose of milk were unaffected by AFE, while the total solids content of milk reduced (p = 0.05) linearly as AFE supplementation was increased. The somatic cell count of milk in group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. Apparent total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a tendency to increase (0.05<$p{\leq}0.10$) with ingestion of AFE. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde concentration decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas superoxide dismutase activity showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.10) quadratically, with increasing levels of AFE supplementation. The lymphocyte count and the proportion of lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing levels of dietary AFE supplementation. The valeric acid/total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) ratio was increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing of the level of AFE supplementation, the other ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by AFE supplementation. Relative levels of the rumen microbe Ruminococcus flavefaciens tended to decrease (p = 0.09) quadratically, whereas those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) quadratically in response to AFE supplementation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that AFE supplementation can alter composition of milk, and may also have an increase tendency of nutrient digestion by regulating populations of microbes in the rumen, improve antioxidant properties by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and affect immunity by altering the proportions of lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocytes in dairy cows. The addition of 60 mg/kg BW of AFE to the diet of dairy cows was shown to be beneficial in this study.

Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability Study on Tetrabutylammonium Hexamolybdate [n-Bu₄N]₂[Mo₆O₁₉](TBAM)

Zhao, Pu Su,Zhao, Zhan Ru,Jian, Fang Fang,Lu, Lu De Korean Chemical Society 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.6

$[n-Bu_4N]_2[Mo_6O_{19}]$(TBAM)의 결정구조는 X-ray 분석기로 결정되었다. 그 결정은 monoclinic 계이며 ${\alpha}$=16.314(5), b=17.288(5), c=17.776(4) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}$=101.47(3) 그리고 z=4의 결정파라미터를 갖는 sapce group 이 C2/c인 결정이다 $[Mo_6O{19}]^{2-}$ 음이온에서, Mo 원자는 팔면체의 여섯 개 모서리를 차지하며 각 Mo 원자는 여석개의 산소원자에 배위되어 찌그러진 팔면체 배위 기하학을 지닌다. Mo-Ot(말단기), Mo-Ob(연결된), 그리고Mo-Oc(중앙)의 평균거리는 각각 1.680 ${\AA}$, 1.931 ${\AA}$ 및 2.325 ${\AA}$ 이다. $[n-Bu_4N]^+$ 양이온에서 N원자는 약간 찌그러진 사면체 모형을 갖는다. 격자안에서 폭 넓은 C-H ${\cdots}$ O 수소결합이 있으며, 그것에 의하여 분자들을 연결하고 결정구조를 안정화 한다. 열분석에 의하여 제목의 열적분핸ㄴ 두개의 전이가 일어나며 356.0와 803.5 $^{\circ}$에서 각각 무게를 잃는다. 그리고 분해된 생성물은 $Mo_2O_2$로 추정된다. 따라서, 제목의 화합물은 높은 열적 안정성을 갖는다. The crystal structure of $[n-Bu_4N]_2[Mo_6O_{19}]$(TBAM) (n-Bu4N=tetrabutylammonium) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with lattice parameters ${\alpha}$=16.314(5), b=17.288(5), c=17.776(4)${\AA}$ ${\beta}$=101.47(3), and Z=4. In $[Mo_6O{19}]^{2-}$ anion, Mo atoms occupy six vertices of octahedron and each Mo atom is coordinated by six oxygen atoms to adopt distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The average bond distance of Mo-Ot (terminal), Mo-Ob (bridged) and Mo-Oc (central) are 1.680 ${\AA}$, 1.931 ${\AA}$ and 2.325 ${\AA}$ respectively. In $[n-Bu_4N]^+$ cation, the N atom possesses a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. There are some potential extensive C-H ${\cdots}$ O hydrogen bonds in the lattice, by which connecte molecules and stabilize the crystal structure. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that thermal decomposition of the title compound includes two transitions and it loses weight at 356.0 and 803.5 $^{\circ}$, respectively, and the residue presumable be $Mo_2O_2$. Accordingly, the title compound has high thermal stability.

Muscle-derived Stem Cells Differentiate into Functional Smooth Muscle Cells for Ureter Tissue Engineering: An Experimental Study

Zhan-Kui Zhao,Hong-Lian Yu,Fei Xiao,Shi-Wen Li,Wen-Biao Liao,Kai-Liang Zhao 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3

We assessed the ability of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMC) and their potential to promote the regeneration of smooth muscle with a vessel extracellular matrix (VECM)for tissue engineering of the ureter. MDSC were isolated,proliferated, and identified by flow cytometry. SMC phenotype differentiation was induced with a smooth muscle induction medium. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and Western blot studies. The VECM was obtained by a decellularization process, and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by exposing the induced cells to a VECM extract. The induced cells were seeded onto VECM in vitro for 1 week, and then the compound grafts were used for ureter reconstitution in vivo. The grafts were obtained for histological studies at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-operation. Intravenous urography was used to evaluate renal function and ureteral patency. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the MDSC expressed Sca-1 and desmin, but did not express CD45. After induction, SMC phenotype gene expression was confirmed in the induced cells by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot studies. VECM exhibited a nontoxic effect on the induced cells in vitro. At 16 weeks postoperation,a histological evaluation showed that multilayered urothelium and organized muscle fiber bundles had formed in the grafts. Intravenous urography demonstrated no evidence of ureteral stricture or hydroureteronephrosis. These results demonstrate that MDSC can be induced into SMC and that this was useful for promoting regeneration of smooth muscles for ureter tissue engineering. We assessed the ability of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMC) and their potential to promote the regeneration of smooth muscle with a vessel extracellular matrix (VECM)for tissue engineering of the ureter. MDSC were isolated,proliferated, and identified by flow cytometry. SMC phenotype differentiation was induced with a smooth muscle induction medium. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and Western blot studies. The VECM was obtained by a decellularization process, and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by exposing the induced cells to a VECM extract. The induced cells were seeded onto VECM in vitro for 1 week, and then the compound grafts were used for ureter reconstitution in vivo. The grafts were obtained for histological studies at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-operation. Intravenous urography was used to evaluate renal function and ureteral patency. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the MDSC expressed Sca-1 and desmin, but did not express CD45. After induction, SMC phenotype gene expression was confirmed in the induced cells by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot studies. VECM exhibited a nontoxic effect on the induced cells in vitro. At 16 weeks postoperation,a histological evaluation showed that multilayered urothelium and organized muscle fiber bundles had formed in the grafts. Intravenous urography demonstrated no evidence of ureteral stricture or hydroureteronephrosis. These results demonstrate that MDSC can be induced into SMC and that this was useful for promoting regeneration of smooth muscles for ureter tissue engineering.

Microstructure Formation Mechanism and Properties of AZ61 Alloy Processed by Melt Treatment with Vibrating Cooling Slope and Semisolid Rolling

Zhan Yong Zhao,Ren Guo Guan,Xiang Wang,Yang Li,Lei Dong,이종수,Chun Ming Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.5

A melt treatment with a vibrating cooling slope and a semisolid rolling process to produce an AZ61 alloy strip was proposed. The microstructure formation mechanism and the properties of the AZ61 alloy produced by the proposed process were investigated. Due to the high cooling rate and stirring action caused by the vibration cooling slope, the nucleation rate was greatly improved, which caused the formation of fine spherical or rosette primary grains. During the rolling process, the solid fraction increased from the entrance to the exit of the roll gap, and under the shearing action of the roller, the distribution of solute in the melt was homogenous, and the primary grains grew further. When the casting temperature was 680 °C,a strip with a cross section of 4 mm×160 mm was produced and a homogeneous microstructure was obtained. The ultimate tensile strength of the AZ61 alloy strip produced by the proposed method reached 242 MPa, and the corresponding elongation to failure was 4%, which were better than those achieved in previous similar studies.

Team Sightseeing Tourism and Rural Tourism

ZHAN ZHAO ZONG(詹兆宗) 세계문화관광학회 2011 Conference Proceedings Vol.12 No.-

Pattern of growth about modern agricultural is day by day multiplication rural tourism has become an new growth mode at countryside over China when rural tourism is as a kind of new type tourism format of combining agricultural with torism. Rural tourism has less resource and high final yield is an important way of resovling "San Nong"problems. Team sightseeing tourism comtribute a lot for the improving rural tourism it is an important maket. But There are still some problems in rural for receiving sightseeing travel team standardize, enviroment pressure and culture shock trubled rural tourism. In the paper on the base of exploring promoting function about team singtseeing tourism to rural tourism facing main problems for receiving sightseeing travel team in rural is analyzed emphatically put forward a proposal about how to resovling these problems. Rural tourism should set up service quality standard protect enviroment keep local feature abide by the sustainable development. 现代农业增长方式日趋多元化 乡村旅游作为农业与旅游业有机结合的一种新型业态 已经成为中国农村新的增长方式.它资源消耗少 综合效盆高 是中国解决"三农问题"的重要途径.观光团队对促进乡村旅游作用巨大 是十分重要的市场.但是 乡村在接待观光团队时也面临许多问题 服务标准, 环境压力, 文化忡击等都困扰着乡村旅游.本文在探讨观光团队对促进乡村旅游发展积极作用的基础上 着重分析了乡村在接待观光团队中面临的主要问题 并对如何解决这些问题提出了自己的意见.乡村旅游应当充分发挥政府作用 建立有自己特点的服务质量体系 保护环境 保持乡土性 遵循可持续发展.

A Clustering Sleep Scheduling Mechanism Based on Sentinel Nodes Monitor for WSN

Zhan-Yang Xu,Song-Gang Zhao,Zheng-Jun Jing 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.1

This paper proposes a clustering sleep scheduling mechanism based on sentinel nodes monitoring for WSN. The mechanism combines the network clustering strategy with the node dormancy strategy, and improves the method of selecting the candidate cluster heads randomly in Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering (EEUC) algorithm. The conception of sentinel node is introduced based on EEUC, and the neighbor node set of sentinel node will be dormant when the sentinel node’s data change rate is lower than the setting threshold. Simulation results show that this mechanism can effectively balance the energy consumption of the entire network, and significantly extend the network lifetime.

S100A14 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhao, Fu-Tao,Jia, Zhan-Sheng,Yang, Qun,Song, Le,Jiang, Xiao-Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Background: S100A14 has recently been implicated in the progress of several types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of action of S100A14 in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: S100A14 expression in HCC was detected at mRNA and protein levels and its prognostic significance was assessed. Functional roles of S100A14 in HCC were investigated using MTT, BrdU, wound healing, transwell invasion assay and HCC metastatic mouse model. Results: S100A14 was significantly elevated in HCC tissues, correlated with multiple tumor nodes, high Edmondson-Steiner grade and vascular invasion. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the S100A14 expression level was a significant and independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of HCC patients (hazard ratio=1.98, 95% confidence interval=1.14-3.46, P=0.013). S100A14 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These results suggest S100A14 is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.

Polyvinylchloride Ultrafiltration Membranes Modified with Different SiO2 Particles and Their Antifouling Mechanism for Oil Extraction Wastewater

Zhao, Fang-Bo,Yu, Zhen-Jiang,Park, Hee-Deung,Liu, Xu-Yang,Song, Xiang-Ru,Li, Zhan-Shuang American Society of Civil Engineers 2015 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.141 No.8

A Protein-Protein Interaction Extraction Approach Based on Large Pre-trained Language Model and Adversarial Training

Zhan Tang,Xuchao Guo,Zhao Bai,Lei Diao,Shuhan Lu,Lin Li 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.3

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) extraction from original text is important for revealing the molecular mechanism of biological processes. With the rapid growth of biomedical literature, manually extracting PPI has become more time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, the automatic PPI extraction from the raw literature through natural language processing technology has attracted the attention of the majority of researchers. We propose a PPI extraction model based on the large pre-trained language model and adversarial training. It enhances the learning of semantic and syntactic features using BioBERT pre-trained weights, which are built on large-scale domain corpora, and adversarial perturbations are applied to the embedding layer to improve the robustness of the model. Experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved the highest F1 scores (83.93% and 90.31%) on two corpora with large sample sizes, namely, AIMed and BioInfer, respectively, compared with the previous method. It also achieved comparable performance on three corpora with small sample sizes, namely, HPRD50, IEPA, and LLL.