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Shan He,Zeming Chen,Chenxi Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.10
This paper considers two kinds of heterogeneous products and establishes the supplier’s and the manufacturer's dynamic game models under flexible price strategy and price commitment strategy respectively. The equilibrium solution and the optimal expected profits of supply chain members are obtained by using backward induction. By comparing the equilibrium solution under two different strategies, the impact of price commitment strategy provided by the manufacturer on the innovation, order quantity, and the wholesale price of the supplier is analyzed, and the impact of transmuting degrees of products and efficiency of innovation on price strategy is analyzed. Meanwhile, by comparing the supply chain members’ optimal expected profits under two different strategies, the impact of price commitment strategy provided by the manufacturer on the profits of manufacturer, supplier and the whole supply chain is analyzed. On this basis, a risk compensation strategy is designed, and it is verified that the compensation strategy can guarantee the supply chain members to achieve a win-win situation.
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The Effect of Adapted Aquatic Activity for Children with Cerebral Palsy in School Age
( Xiaohui Hou ),( Yanqing Fen ),( Zeming Ma ),( Hanjing ),( Yuedan Wu ),( Xiaodong Tian ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Objective: To observe the effect of adapted aquatic activity in the role of rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy in school age. Methods: Twenty-four spastic cerebral palsy children of Guangzhou Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation School were selected as subjects. These subjects were divided into the control group (regular rehabilitation therapy, RRT, n=12) and the experimental group (regular rehabilitation plus adapted aquatic activity with Halliwick technique, APA n=12). GMFM-88, the Berg balance scale, BMI and sit and reach were measured before and after the treatment. Results: After treatment, GMFM-88 total scores, Berg Balance Scale scores ,Lung`s capacity, sit and reach of APA group increased significantly than before, P<0.05. The RRT group increased too, but the difference was not significant. Half of experiment group can swimming 50-100m independently after 4 months training. There was no significant difference of BMI, sit and reach,GMFM-88 total scores, Berg Balance Scale scores between two groups after treatment (P>0.05), except lung`s capacity of APA group was significant higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Halliwick technical is an effective method to guide APA for school-aged children with cerebral palsy. APA can effectively enhance the gross motor function, balance, flexibility and respiratory capacity and it could be an effective method with other method for school-aged children with cerebral palsy to achieve life-long sport and rehabilitation. But how long to achieve significant effect still need to more research.
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Lakhwinder Singh(Lakhwinder Singh ),Zemed Degu Mengesha(Zemed Degu Mengesha ) 서울대학교 경제연구소 2023 Seoul journal of economics Vol.36 No.1
Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well as increasing the influence of innovations. Economic theory of income inequality-innovation nexus and empirical evidence are counter intuitive. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine a comparative analysis of income inequality, innovation and human capital relationship among the 15 Asia-Pacific countries using timeseries data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root test methods to examine the stationarity of variables and the ARDL bounds co-integration approach to estimate the long run relationship between income inequality, innovation and human capital development. Results of the bounds co-integration test indicated that there is a long run equilibrium relationship between income inequality, innovation and human capital in both models with interaction term and without interaction term for all the 15 countries. With human capital as a mediating variable, findings of the long run ARDL model indicated that innovation variable adversely affects income inequality across countries and over time in majority of the sampled countries. This study examined the innovation-inequality connection over time and unraveled the puzzle why innovations generate income inequality in some countries but not in others. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a dire need to relook at the innovation system that should use both bottom-up and top-down approach with a right mix to have an impact on the reduction of income inequality in the long run.
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Kang, Jin-Ho,Campos, Marcelo L.,Zemelis-Durfee, Starla,Al-Haddad, Jameel M.,Jones, A. Daniel,Telewski, Frank W.,Brandizzi, Federica,Howe, Gregg A. Oxford University Press 2016 Journal of experimental botany Vol.67 No.18
<P>Trichomes are epidermal structures that provide a first line of defense against arthropod herbivores. The recessive <I>hairless</I> (<I>hl</I>) mutation in tomato (<I>Solanum lycopersicum</I> L.) causes severe distortion of trichomes on all aerial tissues, impairs the accumulation of sesquiterpene and polyphenolic compounds in glandular trichomes, and compromises resistance to the specialist herbivore <I>Manduca sexta</I>. Here, we demonstrate that the tomato <I>Hl</I> gene encodes a subunit (SRA1) of the highly conserved WAVE regulatory complex that controls nucleation of actin filaments in a wide range of eukaryotic cells. The tomato <I>SRA1</I> gene spans a 42-kb region containing both <I>Solyc11g013280</I> and <I>Solyc11g013290</I>. The <I>hl</I> mutation corresponds to a complex 3-kb deletion that removes the last exon of the gene. Expression of a wild-type <I>SRA1</I> cDNA in the <I>hl</I> mutant background restored normal trichome development, accumulation of glandular trichome-derived metabolites, and resistance to insect herbivory. These findings establish a role for <I>SRA1</I> in the development of tomato trichomes and also implicate the actin-cytoskeleton network in cytosolic control of specialized metabolism for plant defense. We also show that the brittleness of <I>hl</I> mutant stems is associated with altered mechanical and cell morphological properties of stem tissue, and demonstrate that this defect is directly linked to the mutation in <I>SRA1</I>.</P>
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