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Abidin, Emilia Zainal,Hashim, Zailina,Semple, Sean Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11
Background: This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. Materials and Methods: $PM_{2.5}$ was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres, internet caf$\acute{e}$s and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: Under the current smoke-free laws smoking was prohibited in 42 of the 61 premises. Active smoking was observed in nearly one-third (n=12) of these. For premises where smoking was prohibited and no active smoking observed, the mean (standard deviation) indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 33.4 (23.8) ${\mu}g/m^3$ compared to 187.1 (135.1) ${\mu}g/m^3$ in premises where smoking was observed The highest mean $PM_{2.5}$ was observed in pubs [361.5 (199.3) ${\mu}g/m^3$]. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of high levels of SHS across a range of hospitality venues, including about one-third of those where smoking is prohibited, despite 8 years of smoke-free legislation. Compliance with the legislation appeared to be particularly poor in entertainment centres and internet caf$\acute{e}$s. Workers and non-smoking patrons continue to be exposed to high concentrations of SHS within the hospitality industry in Malaysia and there is an urgent need for increased enforcement of existing legislation and consideration of more comprehensive laws to protect health.
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Mapping hotspots of tuberculosis cases with validation on site in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
Nur Adibah Mohidem,Malina Osman,Zailina Hashim,Farrah Melissa Muharam,Saliza Mohd Elias,Aminuddin Ma’pol 대한공간정보학회 2024 Spatial Information Research Vol.32 No.1
Tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as one of the leading causes of death globally. The control strategies and resource allocation need to be prioritized in high risk areas by implementing accurate mapping of spatial heterogeneity of the disease. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the hotspots of TB cases with validation on site in Gombak district, Malaysia. The 3325 cases of TB from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2017 were collected from the MyTB web and Tuberculosis Information System database. The data includes individual’s ID, date of diagnosis, and patient’s address. The coordinate of each patient’s address was geocoded using Google Earth and then they were georeferenced with the base map of Gombak using geographic information system. Getis-Ord Gi* statistics was used to identify the hotspots of TB cases. The hotspots analysis were validated by capturing pictures of the locations during feld visit and compared with the hotspot map. The hotspots of TB cases were consistently distributed at the southwestern part of Gombak, with 99% confdence level that includes 136 points across 5-year period, where the prison was located. Other location of hotspots includes apartments, hostels, markets, factories, and schools. The hotspots shifted gradually from the northwestern to the southwestern parts of the district. This study revealed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of TB across vulnerable and densely populated areas, thus able to conduct early screening, initiate the treatment, and improve the intervention programme. In the future, inclusion of associated risk factors of the disease based on genotyping of the isolates was recommended to track the TB transmission from diferent sources to the hotspot’s location.
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Zulkifli, Aziemah,Abidin, Najihah Zainol,Abidin, Emilia Zainal,Hashim, Zailina,Rahman, Anita Abd,Rasdi, Irniza,Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah,Semple, Sean Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12
Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between respiratory health of Malaysian adolescents with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and smoke-free legislation (SFL) implementation. Materials and Methods: A total of 898 students from 21 schools across comprehensive- and partial-SFL states were recruited. SHS exposures and respiratory symptoms were assessed via questionnaire. Prenatal and postnatal SHS exposure information was obtained from parental-completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was: 11.9% ever wheeze, 5.6% current wheeze, 22.3% exercise-induced wheeze, 12.4% nocturnal cough, and 13.1% self-reported asthma. SHS exposure was most frequently reported in restaurants. Hierarchical logistic regression indicates living in a comprehensive-SFL state was not associated with a lower risk of reporting asthma symptoms. SHS exposure in public transport was linked to increased risk for wheeze (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 16.6; 95%confidence interval (CI), 2.69-101.7) and current wheezing (AOR 24.6; 95%CI, 3.53-171.8). Conclusions: Adolescents continue to be exposed to SHS in a range of public venues in both comprehensive- and partial-SFL states. Respiratory symptoms are common among those reporting SHS exposure on public transportation. Non-compliance with SFL appears to be frequent in many venues across Malaysia and enforcement should be given priority in order to reduce exposure.
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Diet and Physical Activity in Relation to Weight Change among Breast Cancer Patients
Yaw, Yong Heng,Shariff, Zalilah Mohd,Kandiah, Mirnalini,Weay, Yong Heng,Saibul, Nurfaizah,Sariman, Sarina,Hashim, Zailina Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1
Background: This study aimed to provide an overview of lifestyle changes after breast cancer diagnosis and to examine the relationship between dietary and physical activity changes with weight changes in breast cancer patients. Women with breast carcinomas (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancer support groups in peninsular Malaysia. Dietary and physical activity changes were measured from a year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to study entry. Mean duration since diagnosis was $4.86{\pm}3.46$ years. Dietary changes showed that majority of the respondents had decreased their intake of high fat foods (18.8-65.5%), added fat foods (28.3-48.9%), low fat foods (46.8-80.7%), red meat (39.7%), pork and poultry (20.1-39.7%) and high sugar foods (42.1-60.9%) but increased their intake of fish (42.7%), fruits and vegetables (62.8%) and whole grains (28.5%). Intake of other food groups remained unchanged. Only a small percentage of the women (22.6%) had increased their physical activity since diagnosis where most of them (16.0%) had increased recreational activities. Age at diagnosis (${\beta}$= -0.20, p= 0.001), and change in whole grain (${\beta}$= -0.15, p= 0.003) and fish intakes (${\beta}$= 0.13, p= 0.013) were associated with weight changes after breast cancer diagnosis. In summary, the majority of the women with breast cancer had changed their diets to a healthier one. However, many did not increase their physical activity levels which could improve their health and lower risk of breast cancer recurrence.
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