Mapping the Posterior Ledge and Optic Foramen in Orbital Floor Blowout Fractures

Wong Yu Cong,Goh Doreen S.L.,Yoong Celine S.Y.,Ho Cowan,Cai Elijah Z.,Hing Angela,Lee Hanjing,Nallathamby Vigneswaran,Yap Yan L.,Lim Jane,Gangadhara Sundar,Lim Thiam C. 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.4

Background The posterior ledge (PL) is a vital structure that supports the implant posteriorly during orbital floor reconstruction. This study describes a technique for mapping the PL in relation to the infraorbital margin (IM) in patients with orbital floor blowout fractures. This study establishes the location of the optic foramen in relation to the PL. Methods Facial computed tomography (FCT) scans of 67 consecutive patients with isolated orbital floor blowout fractures were analyzed using Osirix. Planes of reference for orbital fractures, a standardized technique for performing measurements on FCT, was used. Viewed coronally, the orbit was divided into seven equal sagittal slices (L1 laterally to L7 medially) with reference to themidorbital plane. The distances of PL from IM and location of optic foramen were determined. Results The greatest distance to PL is found at L5 (median: 30.1mm, range: 13.5– 37.1mm). The median and ranges for each slice are as follows: L1 (median: 0.0mm, range: 0.0–19.9mm), L2 (median: 0.0mm, range: 0.0–21.5mm), L3 (median: 15.8mm, range: 0.0–31.7mm), L4 (median: 26.1mm, range: 0.0–34.0mm), L5 (median: 30.1mm, range: 13.5–37.1mm), L6 (median: 29.0mm, range: 0.0– 36.3mm), L7 (median: 20.8mm, range: 0.0–39.2mm). The median distance of the optic foramen from IM is 43.7mm (range: 37.0– 49.1) at L7.

Effects of L-tryptophan, Fructan, and Casein on Reducing Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Skatole in Fermented Swine Manure

Q.K. Sheng,Z.J. Yang,H.B. Zhao,X.L. Wang,J.F. Guo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

The effects of daily dietary Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and adding L-tryptophan, fructan, or casein to fecal fermentation broths were investigated as means to reduce the production of noxious gas during manure fermentation caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and 3-methylindole (skatole). Eighty swine (50.0±0.5 kg) were equally apportioned to an experimental group given Bs in daily feed, or a control group without Bs. After 6 weeks, fresh manure was collected from both groups for fermentation studies using a 3×3 orthogonal array, in which tryptophan, casein, and fructan were added at various concentrations. After fermentation, the ammonia, H2S, L-tryptophan, skatole, and microflora were measured. In both groups, L-tryptophan was the principle additive increasing skatole production, with significant correlation (r = 0.9992). L-tryptophan had no effect on the production of ammonia, H2S, or skatole in animals fed Bs. In both groups, fructan was the principle additive that reduced H2S production (r = 0.9981). Fructan and Bs significantly interacted in H2S production (p = 0.014). Casein was the principle additive affecting the concentration of ammonia, only in the control group. Casein and Bs significantly interacted in ammonia production (p = 0.039). The predominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. CWBI B1434 (26%) in the control group, and Streptococcus alactolyticus AF201899 (36%) in the experimental group. In summary, daily dietary Bs reduced ammonia production during fecal fermentation. Lessening L-tryptophan and increasing fructan in the fermentation broth reduced skatole and H2S.

Effects of L-tryptophan, Fructan, and Casein on Reducing Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Skatole in Fermented Swine Manure

Sheng, Q.K.,Yang, Z.J.,Zhao, H.B.,Wang, X.L.,Guo, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

The effects of daily dietary Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and adding L-tryptophan, fructan, or casein to fecal fermentation broths were investigated as means to reduce the production of noxious gas during manure fermentation caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), and 3-methylindole (skatole). Eighty swine ($50.0{\pm}0.5kg$) were equally apportioned to an experimental group given Bs in daily feed, or a control group without Bs. After 6 weeks, fresh manure was collected from both groups for fermentation studies using a $3{\times}3$ orthogonal array, in which tryptophan, casein, and fructan were added at various concentrations. After fermentation, the ammonia, $H_2S$, L-tryptophan, skatole, and microflora were measured. In both groups, L-tryptophan was the principle additive increasing skatole production, with significant correlation (r = 0.9992). L-tryptophan had no effect on the production of ammonia, $H_2S$, or skatole in animals fed Bs. In both groups, fructan was the principle additive that reduced $H_2S$ production (r = 0.9981). Fructan and Bs significantly interacted in $H_2S$ production (p = 0.014). Casein was the principle additive affecting the concentration of ammonia, only in the control group. Casein and Bs significantly interacted in ammonia production (p = 0.039). The predominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. CWBI B1434 (26%) in the control group, and Streptococcus alactolyticus AF201899 (36%) in the experimental group. In summary, daily dietary Bs reduced ammonia production during fecal fermentation. Lessening L-tryptophan and increasing fructan in the fermentation broth reduced skatole and $H_2S$.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Proliferation and Fatty Acids Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Cells

He, M.L.,Yang, W.Z.,Hidari, H.,Rambeck, W.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The present study including two experiments was designed to determine the effect of media containing different rare earth elements (REE) on proliferation and fatty acids accumulation in 3T3-L1 cell cultures. In Experiment 1, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 96-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. Then the media were changed to the following 10 different media for 48 h: DMEM containing 10% FBS for the control; the above media containing $5{\mu}M$, $10{\mu}M$ or $15{\mu}M$ of $LaCl_3$, $CeCl_3$ or the mixture of these REE chlorides. The proliferation rate of the cells was measured and compared by a non-isotope method-XTT method. In Experiment 2 the cells in 24-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS for 7 days until confluent and then were changed to above DMEM containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin (DMI) for two days. Afterwards the media were changed to the 10 different media with REE supplements as in Experiment 1 and cultured for 6 days. The cells were then harvested for fatty acids analysis by gas chromatography. It was found that supplementation of La (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$) stimulated (p<0.05) the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (Experiment 1). In the differentiating 3T3-L1 cells supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) decreased (p<0.05) the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) per $10^5cells$, while the supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($15{\mu}M$) increased (p<0.05) the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to MUFA. These results indicate that the supplementation of REE to the media may affect proliferation, differentiation and lipogenesis rates of 3T3-L1 cells. However, the effect may depend upon the level or type of REE applied.

R&D Status of High-current Accelerators at IFP

J. J. Deng,J. S. Shi,W. P. Xie,L. W. Zhang,K. Z. Zhang,S. P. Feng,J. Li,M. Wang,Y. He,L. S. Xia,Z. Y. Dai,H. T. Li,L. Wen,S. F. Chen,X. Li,Q. G. Lai,M. H. Xia,Y. C. Guan,S. Y. Song,L. Chen 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61

High-current accelerators have many important applications in Z-pinches, high-power microwaves, and free electron lasers, imploding liners and radiography and so on. Research activities on Zpinches, imploding liners, radiography at the Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP) are introduced. Several main high-current accelerators developed and being developed at IFP are described, such as the Linear Induction Accelerator X-Ray Facility Upgrade (LIAXFU, 12 MeV, 2.5 kA, 90 ns), the Dragon-I linear induction accelerator (20 MeV, 2.5 kA, 60 ns), and the Primary Test Stand for Z-pinch (PTS, 10 MA, 120 ns). The design of Dragon-II linear induction accelerator (20 MeV, 2.5 kA, 3 × 60 ns) to be built will be presented briefly.

Local electronic structure of Mn dopants in ZnO probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

Chang, G S,Kurmaev, E Z,Jung, S W,Kim, H-J,Yi, G-C,Lee, S-I,Yablonskikh, M V,Pedersen, T M,Moewes, A,Finkelstein, L D IOP Pub 2007 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.19 No.27

<P>The electronic structure of Mn dopants in ZnO epitaxial thin films synthesized at different temperatures has been investigated using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. The resulting Mn L<SUB>2,3</SUB> x-ray emission spectra of Zn<SUB>0.8</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>O (resonantly excited at L<SUB>2</SUB> and L<SUB>3</SUB> absorption edges) reveal different spectral features depending on the growth temperature of the films. The relative integral intensity ratio of Mn L<SUB>2</SUB> to Mn L<SUB>3</SUB> emission lines is greatly suppressed in the case of nonmagnetic Zn<SUB>0.8</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>O grown at 700 °C due to L<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>3</SUB>M<SUB>4,5</SUB> Coster–Kronig transitions. The ferromagnetic sample grown at 600 °C exhibits a normal oxide structure. The results suggest that a high growth temperature causes direct Mn–Mn bonds from the segregation of Mn atoms in ZnO. Therefore the disappearance of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO can be attributed to antiferromagnetic Mn–Mn exchange interactions due to the inhomogeneous local environment around the Mn impurities.</P>

The Effect of Trifluoroethanol on Tyrosinase Activity and Conformation: Inhibition Kinetics and Computational Simulations

L체, Z. R.,Shi, L.,Wang, J.,Park, D.,Bhak, J.,Yang, J. M.,Park, Y. D.,Zhou, H. W.,Zou, F. HUMANA PRESS INC 2010 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.160 No.7

Atmospheric brown clouds reach the Tibetan Plateau by crossing the Himalayas

Lü,thi, Z. L.,Š,kerlak, B.,Kim, S.-W.,Lauer, A.,Mues, A.,Rupakheti, M.,Kang, S. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.15 No.11

<P>Abstract. The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau region (HTP), despite being a remote and sparsely populated area, is regularly exposed to polluted air masses with significant amounts of aerosols including black carbon. These dark, light-absorbing particles are known to exert a great melting potential on mountain cryospheric reservoirs through albedo reduction and radiative forcing. This study combines ground-based and satellite remote sensing data to identify a severe aerosol pollution episode observed simultaneously in central Tibet and on the southern side of the Himalayas during 13-19 March 2009 (pre-monsoon). Trajectory calculations based on the high-resolution numerical weather prediction model COSMO are used to locate the source regions and study the mechanisms of pollution transport in the complex topography of the HTP. We detail how polluted air masses from an atmospheric brown cloud (ABC) over South Asia reach the Tibetan Plateau within a few days. Lifting and advection of polluted air masses over the great mountain range is enabled by a combination of synoptic-scale and local meteorological processes. During the days prior to the event, winds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) are generally weak at lower levels, allowing for accumulation of pollutants and thus the formation of ABCs. The subsequent passing of synoptic-scale troughs leads to southwesterly flow in the middle troposphere over northern and central India, carrying the polluted air masses across the Himalayas. As the IGP is known to be a hotspot of ABCs, the cross-Himalayan transport of polluted air masses may have serious implications for the cryosphere in the HTP and impact climate on regional to global scales. Since the current study focuses on one particularly strong pollution episode, quantifying the frequency and magnitude of similar events in a climatological study is required to assess the total impact. </P>

IMPACT TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING GLOBAL DYNAMIC STIFFNESS OF ENGINE MOUNTS

L. E. OOI,Z. M. RIPIN 한국자동차공학회 2014 International journal of automotive technology Vol.15 No.6

Engine mounts are used for engine vibration isolation. The dynamic performance of the mount depends on theorientation. Measurements of the dynamic properties of engine mounts are usually performed in the axial direction becauseof the problem related to actuator loading direction and set up costs. Impact technique is developed here to measure thedynamic driving point stiffness and driving point shear stiffness of engine mount in a single setup. The compressive and shearfrequency–dependent stiffnesses are obtained in the vertical orientation. A transformation matrix is used to calculate thefrequency-dependent stiffnesses and loss factors in other orientations. Three different designs of engine mounts are used toverify the accuracy of the transformation model. The correlation coefficient between calculation and measurement resultsshow R2≥ 0.995 along the X- and Y-axes. For the Z-axis, mounts B and C showed R2 ≥ 0.95 and mount A 0.687 ≤ R2≤ 0.791.

Numerical studies on the effects of the lateral boundary on soil-structure interaction in homogeneous soil foundations

Z. N. Li,Q. S. Li,M. L. Lou 국제구조공학회 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.20 No.4

In this paper, the finite element method is applied to investigate the effect of the lateral boundary in homogenous soil on the seismic response of a superstructure. Some influencing factors are presented and discussed, and several parameters are identified to be important for conducting soil-structure interaction experiments on shaking tables. Numerical results show that the cross-section width L, thickness H, wave propagation velocity and lateral boundaries of soil layer have certain influences on the computational accuracy. The dimensionless parameter L/H is the most significant one among the influencing factors. In other words, a greater depth of soil layer near the foundation should be considered in shaking table tests as the thickness of the soil layer increases, which can be regarded as a linear relationship approximately. It is also found that the wave propagation velocity in soil layer affects the numerical accuracy and it is suggested to consider a greater depth of the soil layer as the wave propagation velocity increases. A numerical study on a soil-structure experimental model with a rubber ring surrounding the soil on a shaking table is also conducted. It is found the rubber ring has great effect on the soil-structure interaction experiments on shaking table. The experimental precision can be improved by reasonably choosing the elastic parameter and width of the rubber ring.