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Humic Acid and Glucan: Protection Against Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride
Vaclav Vetvicka,Jose M. Garcia-Mina,Mary Proctor,Jean-Claude Yvin 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.5
Humic acids (HAs) have a rather pleiotropic presence, however, their biological effects are still unclear. In this study, we focused on possible hepatoprotective effects of either HA alone or in combination with b-glucan. Using a model of experimental hepatotoxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), we showed that both HA and the glucan-HA combination offered significant protection against hepatotoxicity, with the combination offering superior effects. Our biochemical observations were confirmed by histological evaluation. Based on the experimental data, we conclude that whereas HA has significant effects, the synergy with glucan offers superior effects.
Vaclav Vetvicka,Aruna Vashishta,Marta Fuentes,Roberto Baigorri,Jose M. Garcia-Mina,Jean-Claude Yvin 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.7
Despite the rather common presence of humic acid (HA), our full knowledge of its biological effect is still lacking. In this article, we first performed a physicochemical characterization of several HAs, and next, we evaluated their ability to affect interleukin-2 secretion, antibody secretion, wound healing (an in vitro model using HaCaT cells), cancer growth (the Lewis lung carcinoma model), and protection against hepatotoxicity. In all tested reactions, HA showed significant stimulation on immune reactions, including suppression of cancer growth and inhibition of lipopolysaccharideinduced hepatotoxicity. These effects were dependent on its chemical properties. The pleiotropic effects of HA observed in this article suggest the possible role of these compounds in human nutrition.
Glucan and Humic Acid: Synergistic Effects on the Immune System
Vaclav Vetvicka,Roberto Baigorri,Angel M. Zamarreno,Jose M. Garcia-Mina,Jean-Claude Yvin 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4
Humic acids are compounds resulting from decomposition of organic matter. Despite their common presence, our knowledge of their biological effects is limited, and current findings are controversial. We decided to evaluate the immunological effects of two different types of humic acids, differing in source and biochemical characteristics. Using both components either alone or in combination with the well-established yeast-derived immunomodulator glucan, we measured their effects on both the cellular (phagocytosis and tumor suppression) and humoral (antibody production and cytokine secretion) branches of immune reactions. In summary, our results suggest that humic acids are biologically active immunodulators affecting both the humoral and cellular branches of immune reactions. In addition, the two humic acids studied here are working in synergy in stimulation of the immune reaction, supporting further studies of these natural immunomodulators.
Biological Properties of (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan-Based Synthetic Oligosaccharides
Sujata Saraswat-Ohri,Aruna Vashishta,Vaclav Vetvicka,Karine Descroix,Frank Jamois,Jean-Claude Yvin,Vincent Ferrie`res 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.4
Despite the fact that β-glucans are well-established immunomodulators, the problems with batch-to-batch heterogeneity remains problematic. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate new type of synthetic oligosaccharides. A new family of oligo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucans modified on the reducing end was synthesized using a controlled and specific inversion of configuration at C-2 starting from already formed oligo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucans. The designed glycosides are characterized by the presence of four or five glucopyranose entities and a mannose residue at the reducing end. To study of the impact of well-defined structural modulations, we used murine and human models to evaluate their immunostimulating potential. These novel oligosaccharides showed strong and long-lasting stimulation of phagocytosis and significant potentiation of synthesis and/or secretion of interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, the oligosaccharides tested showed significant effects on expression of several genes in human fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. From our results it is clear that these synthetic oligosaccharides represent a better alternative to natural β-glucans.