Characterization of Proso Millet Starches from Different Geographical Origins of China

Yu Wen,Jia Liu,Xiangyan Meng,Dongxian Zhang,Guohua Zhao 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.5

The influence of geographical origin (Lvliang,Baotou, Gulang, and Jilin) on the physicochemicalproperties of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) starchesfrom China, and starch chemical compositions werestudied. Scanning electron microscopy showed that starchgranules from millet starches were polygonal and sphericalwith smooth surfaces with sizes ranging from 2.5 to 12 μm. X-ray diffraction showed that millet starches were typicalof A-type starch granules with a mean crystallinity of35.81%. The transition temperatures (To, Tp, and Tc) andenthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) of Lvliang, Baotou,Gulang, and Jilin proso millet starches were 66.81 to70.01oC, 72.79 to 76.55oC, 78.30 to 82.44oC, and 10.4 to14.46 J/g, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) wereobserved for the amylose content, granule size, peaktemperature, gelatinization enthalpy, and peak viscositytemperature among the millet starches. Millet starches mayhave potential applications in production of puffed starchfood products and other food items.

Development of TREND dynamics code for molten salt reactors

Yu, Wen,Ruan, Jian,He, Long,Kendrick, James,Zou, Yang,Xu, Hongjie Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2

The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), one of the six advanced reactor types of the 4th generation nuclear energy systems, has many impressive features including economic advantages, inherent safety and nuclear non-proliferation. This paper introduces a system analysis code named TREND, which is developed and used for the steady and transient simulation of MSRs. The TREND code calculates the distributions of pressure, velocity and temperature of single-phase flows by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy, along with a fluid state equation. Heat structures coupled with the fluid dynamics model is sufficient to meet the demands of modeling MSR system-level thermal-hydraulics. The core power is based on the point reactor neutron kinetics model calculated by the typical Runge-Kutta method. An incremental PID controller is inserted to adjust the operation behaviors. The verification and validation of the TREND code have been carried out in two aspects: detailed code-to-code comparison with established thermal-hydraulic system codes such as RELAP5, and validation with the experimental data from MSRE and the CIET facility (the University of California, Berkeley's Compact Integral Effects Test facility).The results indicate that TREND can be used in analyzing the transient behaviors of MSRs and will be improved by validating with more experimental results with the support of SINAP.

Activation Mechanism of Protein Kinase B by DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Involved in the DNA Repair System

Yuwen Li,Longzhen Piao,Keum-Jin Yang,Sanghee Shin,Eulsoon Shin,Kyung Ah Park,Hee Sun Byun,Minho Won,Byung Lyul Choi,Hyunji Lee,Young-Rae Kim,Jang Hee Hong,Gang Min Hur,Jeong-Lan Kim,Jae Youl Cho,Jeong 한국독성학회 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.24 No.3

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is involved in joining DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation or V(D)J recombination and is activated by DNA ends and composed of a DNA binding subunit, Ku, and a catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs. It has been suggested that DNA-PK might be 2nd upstream kinase for protein kinase B (PKB). In this report, we showed that Ser473 phosphorylation in the hydrophobic-motif of PKB is blocked in DNA-PK knockout mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) following insulin stimulation, while there is no effect on Ser473 phosphorylation in DNA-PK wild type MEF cells. The observation is further confirmed in human glioblastoma cells expressing a mutant form of DNA-PK (M059J) and a wild-type of DNA-PK (M059K), indicating that DNA-PK is indeed important for PKB activation. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with doxorubicin, DNA-damage inducing agent, leads to PKB phosphorylation on Ser473 in control MEF cells while there is no response in DNA-PK knockout MEF cells. Together, these results proposed that DNA-PK has a potential role in insulin signaling as well as DNA-repair signaling pathway.

Identification of AMPK activator from twelve pure compounds isolated from Aralia Taibaiensis: implication in antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities

Yuwen Li,박종선,Yin Wu,Jia Cui,Na Jia,Miaomiao Xi,Aidong Wen 대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.3

The root bark extract of Aralia taibaiensis is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. The total saponin extracted from Aralia Taibaiensis (sAT) has effective combined antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. However, the active compounds have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined effects of twelve triterpenoid saponins on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and found that compound 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (AT12) significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). AT12 effectively decreased blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism by which AT12 activated AMPK was subsequently investigated. Intracellular ATP level and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced by AT12 treatment. The findings suggested AT12 was a novel AMPK activator, and could be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Mitochondrial Location of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3b Protein

Yuwen Cong,Xiaoling Yuan,Yajun Shan,Zhenyu Yao,Jianyong Li,Zhenhu Zhao,Jiapei Chen 한국분자세포생물학회 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.21 No.2

Dynamic Cost-sensitive Ensemble Classification based on Extreme Learning Machine for Mining Imbalanced Massive Data Streams

Yuwen Huang 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.1

In order to lower the classification cost and improve the performance of the classifier, this paper proposes the approach of the dynamic cost-sensitive ensemble classification based on extreme learning machine for imbalanced massive data streams (DCECIMDS). Firstly, this paper gives the method of concept drifts detection by extracting the attributive characters of imbalanced massive data streams. If the change of attributive characters exceeds threshold value, the concept drift occurs. Secondly, we give Cost-sensitive extreme learning machine algorithm, and the optimal cost function is defined by the dynamic cost matrix. Build the cost-sensitive classifiers model for imbalanced massive data streams under MapReduce, and the data streams are processed in parallel. At last, the weighted cost-sensitive ensemble classifier is constructed, and the dynamic cost-sensitive ensemble classification based on extreme learning machine classification is given. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed ensemble classifier under the MapReduce framework can reduce the average misclassification cost and can make the classification results more reliable. DCECIMDS has high performance by comparing to the other classification algorithms for imbalanced data streams and can effectively deal with the concept drift.

Dynamic Cost-Sensitive Fussy Clustering for Uncertain Data Based on the Genetic Algorithm

Yuwen Huang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.2

The existing fussy clustering algorithms for uncertain data don’t consider the dynamic cost and the treatment effect is lower, so this paper proposes the dynamic cost-sensitive fussy clustering approach for uncertain data based on the genetic algorithm (GADCSFA). Firstly, this paper gives the definition of dynamic cost and adjacent interval, and the uncertain attributes are disposed as the interval number. Secondly, we give the method of fuzzy c-means clustering based on the interval data, and the interval numbers of fussy clustering solution and cost space are coded by its centre and radius. At last, the dynamic fussy clustering approach for uncertain data based on the genetic algorithm is structured, which uses the genetic algorithm to search the optimal clustering centre and cost by the hybridization, the mutation and selection. The experiments show that, compared to the other fussy clustering algorithm for uncertain data, GADCSFA has higher classification accuracy and performance, and the total expenditure is lower.

Dynamic Cost-sensitive Naive Bayes Classification for Uncertain Data

Yuwen Huang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.1

The uncertain data as an important aspect of data mining, has received considerable attention, due to its importance in many applications, but little study has been paid to the cost-sensitive classification on uncertain data, so this paper proposes the dynamic cost-sensitive Naive Bayes classification for mining uncertain data (DCSUNB). Firstly, we apply the probability density to dispose uncertain discrete and continuous attributes, and give the cost-sensitive Naive Bayes classifier. Secondly, we propose the construction process of dynamic cost, and give the evaluation method for finding the optimal cost and the cost-sensitive classification with sequential test strategy. At last, the dynamic cost-sensitive Naive Bayes algorithm for uncertain data is structured, which searches the misclassification and test cost spaces to find the optimal cost. By comparing to the other cost-sensitive classification algorithms for uncertain data, the experiments on UCI Datasets show that DCSUNB can improve the classification performance, and reduce effectively the total cost.

A Comparative Assessment of Changes in Heat-Related Mortality Risk Under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 Scenarios Based on the CORDEX-CORE Ensembles

Yuwen Fan,Eun‑Soon Im 한국기상학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.59 No.2

This study assesses the future heat-related mortality risk under varying levels of warming specified by the RCP2.6 andRCP8.5 scenarios using dynamically downscaled ensemble projections across six different domains. The excess mortalityrisk due to heat is estimated by the empirical relationship between daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and mortality. Thechanges in heat-related mortality based on three empirical formulas derived from different countries’ data are compared toexamine the sensitivity of change patterns to the empirical formula. The ensemble projections reveal a drastic increase inheat-related mortality risk under the RCP8.5 scenario. However, a significant reduction is expected by limiting greenhousegas emissions to the RCP2.6 level. While mitigation’s possible benefit is clearly exemplified by comparing the mortality riskderived from RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 projections, this study also provides valuable insights into regional hotspots by comparingthe results from multi-domains. Regardless of the emission scenario (RCP2.6 vs. RCP8.5) and empirical formulas thatrepresent the relationship between temperature and mortality, the most vulnerable regions to heat-related mortality risk areidentified in the low-latitude near the equator where the adaptation capacities to avoid serious consequences are found tobe poor. The higher risk of heat-related mortality in the future is largely attributable to a significant increase in frequencyexceeding the optimum temperature where the mortality risk is minimum during the historical period.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons for SO_2 adsorption from Taixi anthracite by physical activation with steam

Yuwen Zhu,Jihui Gao,Fei Sun,Yukun Qin 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.12

Taixi anthracite was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbons (AC) for SO_2 adsorption from flue gas. In this work the activated carbons were prepared by physical activation with steam. Specifically, the effects of activation temperature and burn-off degree on the physico-chemical properties of the resulting AC samples were comparatively studied. The different types of pore volumes, pore size distributions and surface chemistries of the activated carbons on the SO_2 adsorption were also analyzed. The results show that the increasing burn-off leads to samples with continuous evolution of all types of pores except ultramicropore. The ultramicropore volume increases to a maximum of 0.169 cm^3/g at around 50% burn-off and then decreases for 850℃ activation. At higher activation temperature, the micropore volume decreases and the mesopore structure develops to a certain extent. For all the resulting AC samples,the quantities of the basic surface sites always appear much higher than the amount of the acidic sites. The activated carbon prepared with higher micropore volume, smaller median pore diameter and higher quantities of the basic surface sites represents better SO_2 sorption property.