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Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort
Shu Yun Heng,Jien Sze Ho,Seyed Ehsan Saffari,Zijuan Huang,Foong Koon Cheah,Siang Jin Terrance Chua,Yung Jih Felix Keng,Lohendran Baskaran,Swee Yaw Tan 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.3
Objective: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and is a prognostic factor of cardiovascular events. CAC varies among ethnic groups in patients of the same age and gender. Studies on the prognostic value of CAC in a multi-ethnic Asian population have yet to be performed. We aim to study the association of CAC and ethnicity, all-cause mortality, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with a multi-ethnic cohort aged 35–84 years from a single tertiary institution between 2007–2017. The individuals were all clinically referred for cardiac CT calcium scanning. CAC was determined by Toshiba Aquilion One 320 Multi-detector Row CT (Toshiba Medical System). Results: This study had 65% males at an average age of 55 years. In our multivariable analysis of 16561 individuals, CAC is generally higher in the Malay than Chinese ethnic group [odds ratio (OR)=1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10–1.55] and did not differ among Indians and Chinese (p=0.400). Increasing CAC was associated with higher all-cause mortality (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.17–1.36) and AMI (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.35–1.66) after adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors. Incorporation of CAC into a model with known cardiovascular risk variables enhanced prediction of all-cause mortality [area under the curve (AUC)=0.78] and AMI (AUC=0.85). Conclusion: This study is the largest performed in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Malay ethnicity seems to confer a higher likelihood of coronary calcification compared to the Chinese and Indians. CAC was associated with higher all-cause mortality and AMI and complemented traditional cardiovascular risk factors in risk prediction, confirming its applicability in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
Causes, Features, and Outcomes of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in 69 Children from China
( Yun Zhu ),( Yong Gang Li ),( Jia Bo Wang ),( Shu Hong Liu ),( Li Fu Wang ),( Yan Ling Zhao ),( Yun Feng Bai ),( Zhong Xia Wang ),( Jian Yu Li ),( Xiao He Xiao ) 대한소화기학회 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.4
Background/Aims: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause of pediatric liver disease; however, the data on DILI are remarkably limited. Methods: All 69 children hospitalized with DILI between January 2009 and December 2011 were retrospectively studied. Results: A total of 37.7% of the children had medical histories of respiratory infection. The clinical injury patterns were as follows: hepatocellular 89.9%, cholestatic 2.9%, and mixed 7.2%. Liver biopsies from 55 children most frequently demonstrated chronic (47.3%) and acute (27.3%) hepatitis. Hypersensitivity features, namely, fever (31.9%), rash (21.7%), and eosinophilia (1.4%), were found. Twenty-four children (34.8%) developed chronic DILI. Antibiotics (26.1%) were the most common Western medicines (WMs) causing DILI, and the major implicated herbs were Ephedra sinica and Polygonum multiflorum. Compared with WM, the children whose injuries were caused by Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) showed a higher level of total bilirubin (1.4 mg/dL vs 16.6 mg/dL, p=0.004) and a longer prothrombin time (11.8 seconds vs 17.3 seconds, p=0.012), but they exhibited less chronic DILI (2/15 vs 18/39, p=0.031). Conclusions: Most cases of DILI in children are caused by antibiotics or CHM used to treat respiratory infection and present with hepatocellular injury. Compared with WM, CHM is more likely to cause severe liver injury, but liver injury caused by CHM is curable. (Gut Liver 2015;9:525-533)
초창기 중국영화의 스타일 연구 -<라오꽁즈아이칭>(勞工之愛情, 1922)과 문명희(文明戱)의 비교-
김서운 ( Jin Shu Yun ),이효인 ( Yi Hyo In ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2017 현대영화연구 Vol.13 No.3
근대화 시기 중국에는 민권사상의 고양과 함께 이를 위한 도구로써 신극운동 역시 고조되었는데 이 과정에서 중국 사회는 전통 희극과는 다른 새로운 희극 형식을 필요로 하게 되었다. 이러한 신극운동의 발전 과정에서 ‘문명희’라는 희극 양식이 나타나게 된다. ‘문명희’는 사회의 폭넓은 공감대를 얻었고 전통 희극의 주도적인 위치를 차지하게 되었다. 초기 중국영화는 이미 체계화된 자신들의 고유한 예술 장르에 눈길을 돌릴 수밖에 없었다. 그 중에서 희극은 중국 초기 영화가 참고할 수 있는 유일한 예술 형식이었다. 따라서 희극의 내용(내러티브)과 형식(스타일)을 토대로 하면서 이를 영화적 재구성함으로써 자신 만의 영화 언어를 탄생시키게 되었다. ‘문명희’는 희극의 무대 세팅 측면 대단한 발전을 가져왔으면 초창기 중국영화의 세트 형식에도 커다란 양향을 끼쳤다. 이 글은 <라오꽁즈아이칭>(勞工之愛情, 노동자의 사랑, 장시추안, 1922)를 통해서 초창기 중국영화와 희극과의 관계, 그리고 초창기 중국영화의 희극적영향이 짙게 배어있는 ‘세트의 도상’, ‘무대형 미쟝센’과 ‘희극적 연기’ 측면을 주목하여 초창기 중국영화의 스타일을 분석한다. 그렇게 함으로써 초기 중국영화의 문화적 배경과 맥락을 파악하고자 한다. During the modernization period of China, as the civil rights ideology was uplifted, the New Drama movement as a tool for this was also heightened. In this process, Chinese society needed a new drama form different from traditional drama. In the process of developing this new movement, the new dramatic style called ‘Wenming xi’(文明戱, ‘Civilized drama’, an early form of Western-style theatre in China) appears. The ‘Wenming xi’ has gained wide consensus of society and has become the leading position of traditional drama. Early Chinese films were forced to focus on their own unique artistic genre. Among them, the new drama was the only art form to refer to in early Chinese cinema. Thus, based on the content (narrative) and form (style) of the ‘Wenming xi’, it was reconstructed by cinema to create its own film language. ‘Wenming xi’s stage setting aspect of the comic had a great impact on the set format of the early Chinese film. This article explores the relationship between the early Chinese cinema and ‘Wenming xi’ through the film Love of the Workers (Zhang Shichuan, 1922), ‘iconography of setting’, ‘Stage-shaped Mise-en-scene’ and ‘dramatic acting". By doing so, I want to understand the cultural background and context of the early Chinese film.
갈근 및 녹차추출물의 아질산염 소거작용 및 간독성 보호효과
윤이란 ( I Ran Yun ),최유정 ( You Jeong Choi ),허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),최철웅 ( Chul Yung Choi ),성태종 ( Tae Jong Seoung ),김윤근 ( Yun Geun Kim ),김종수 ( Jong Shu Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 2010 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.33 No.3
This study was designed to evaluated the nitrite scavenging activity and protective effect of the Puerariae Radix and green tea extract on lead acetate and cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. The quantitative analytical method for major antioxidants, isoflavones, puerarin, catechine and caffeine in galgun (Puerariae Radix) and green tera extract were established by HPLC. Contents of isoflavones, such as daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein were 4.23g/100g, 0.13g/100g, 0.07g/100g, and 0.03g/100g, and puerarin contents was 8.99g/100g, respectively. The total catechins and caffeine contents of green tea extract were 49.24g/ 100g and 6.53g/100g. The nitrite scavenging ability of galgun extract (pH 1.2, 100mg/ml) was 98.07% and it was higher than those of other extracts. It was the highest at the pH 1.2 and more than 64% in 25~ 100mg green tea extract, and was dependents on pH and concentration of the samples. The hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract from the root of galgun and standard puerarin were evaluated against lead acetate and cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. Galgun extract and standard at a dose of 100mg/kg and 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg were administered orally once daily for successive 5 days and then a lead acetate and cadmium were orally at 3 hrs after the every day administration of galgun. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were due to lead acetate and cadmium treatment was dose dependently restored to the near normal level. In addition, galgun extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malon-dialdehyde formation in the liver of lead acetate and cadmium intoxicated mice in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study clearly indicated that green tea and galgun extracts had nitrite scavenging ability and galgun extract had potent hepato-protective effects against lead acetate and cadmium-induced hepatic damage in mice and standard puerarin was also showed similar to the results of the galgun extracts.