A NOTE ON BLOCK CIRCULANT MATRICES

Chao, Chong-Yun Department of Mathematics 1974 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.14 No.1

ON MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS OF THE SEMIGROUP OF BINARY RELATIONS

Chao, Chong-Yun Department of Mathematics 1977 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.17 No.2

Early Intervention with High-Dose Steroid Pulse Therapy Prolongs Disease-Free Interval of Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study

( Chao Chun Yang ),( Chun Te Lee ),( Chao Kai Hsu ),( Yi Pei Lee ),( Tak Wah Wong ),( Sheau Chiou Chao ),( Julia Yu Yun Lee ),( Hamm Ming Sheu ),( Wenchieh Chen ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.4

Background: Spontaneous recovery of severe alopecia areata is rare and the condition is difficult to treat. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects and safety of steroid pulse therapy between oral and intravenous administrations between 1999 and 2010 at the Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Methods: Data were retrospectively retrieved. A satisfactory response was defined as more than 75% hair regrowth in the balding area. Results: A total of 85 patients with more than 50% hair loss were identified and treated, with an overall satisfactory response rate of 51.8%. The mean follow-up time was 37.6 months, with a relapse rate of 22.7%. Patients with alopecia areata (hereafter, AA) of recent onset within one year showed higher response rates (p< 0.001) and lower relapse rates compared to patients with AA persisting for more than 1 year. Further, even in patients with alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis or ophiasis type, early treatment resulted in a satisfactory response rate of 47% among the treated patients. In general, oral therapy was as effective and well-tolerated as intravenous therapy. Conclusion: The response rate is determined by disease severity and time of intervention, not by the administration form of steroid pulse therapy. Oral steroid pulse therapy can be considered as the first-line treatment for patients with severe AA of recent onset within one year. (Ann Dermatol 25(4) 471∼474, 2013)

Insights into Physiological Mechanisms of Salt Stress Tolerance in Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Sprouts

Yun-Yang Chao,I-En Hsueh 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.4

Climate change has led to sea level rise and thesalinization of arable land in coastal areas, which has affectedthe production of crops. Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. (djulis) has high nutritional value in Taiwan; however, thesalt tolerance mechanism of djulis remains unclear. Therefore,the physiological salt tolerance mechanism of djulis wasinvestigated in this study, which found that after the djulissprouts were treated with 400 mM NaCl for 5 d, their growthwas inhibited; the survival rate decreased by 45%, and theplant height and dry weight decreased by 9% and 36%,respectively. The content of the superoxide anion reactiveoxygen species decreased as the treatment duration increased,whereas the H2O2 content increased with the treatment duration. The activity of antioxidants, namely ascorbate peroxidase,catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase,gradually increased as the treatment duration increased; theratios of ascorbic acid to docosahexaenoic acid and glutathioneto oxidized glutathione also increased significantly. Thecontent of proline increased with the treatment duration. Moreover, the K+ content increased as Na+ accumulated. Accordingly, this study determined 400 mM to be the NaClthreshold level for djulis. Under the salt stress at this NaCllevel, the djulis transported Na+ from the roots to abovegroundportion and stored it in salt bladders to alleviate the toxicdamage of Na+. In addition, proline and K+ were accumulated toadjust the osmotic pressure of cells.

SOME REMARKS ON UNIPOTENT MATRICES

Chao, Chong-Yun Department of Mathematics 1981 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.21 No.1

The Effect of Previous Work Experiences on Hospitality Undergraduate Students` Future Career Intention

Chao, Yun(조운),Kim, Wan-Soo(김완수) 한양대학교 관광연구소 2016 觀光硏究論叢 Vol.28 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 이전의 업무 경험이 학생들의 직업 의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 환대 산업 분야에서 4주 이상의 업무 경험을 해 본 환대 산업 전공 3, 4학년생 241명의 응답을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 이전의 업무 경험에서 느낀 개인-직무 적합도가 직무 몰입과 내재적 및 외재적 직무 만족을 통해 학생들의 환대 산업 분야에 대한 진출(취업) 의도에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 주는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 기업과 대학은 학생들이 자신에게 맞는 진로를 조기에 발견하여 그에 맞는 준비를 할 수 있도록 다양한 업무 경험 프로그램을 상호 협력을 통해 제공해줄 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 기업은 직무에 적합하여 직무에 몰입도가 높은, 그리하여 직무를 수행함에 있어 내재적/외재적 만족도가 높은 인재를 선발할 수 있는 기회를 넓힐 수 있을 것이다. This study aimed to discover how the better perceived previous work experience affect student career intention. To achieve this objective, a survey with self-administered questionnaire was conducted of hospitality undergraduate juniors and seniors. An analysis of the responses of 241 students revealed that students’ person-job fit, work engagement, and intrinsic/extrinsic job satisfaction perceived during their previous jobs promoted their’ future career intention to join the hospitality industry. Therefore, it is advisable that the industry practitioners and educators cooperate to arrange various job-experience programs so that participating students can find the right career earlier. By doing so, businesses can also be benefited in that they can have better chances to recruit right people for their businesses.

AgNWs-PANI nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for detection of 4-nitrophenol

Zhang, Chao,Govindaraju, Saravanan,Giribabu, Krishnan,Huh, Yun Suk,Yun, Kyusik Elsevier 2017 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.252 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Silver Nanowire-Polyaniline (AgNWs-PANI) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated for the sensitive electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). AgNWs-PANI composite was synthesized in two steps process. The synthesized AgNWs-PANI was characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, SEM and TEM analysis. The electrochemical reduction determination of 4-NP under optimized conditions exhibited a reduction peak at −0.77V with higher current response compared with bare GCE and AgNWs modified glassy carbon electrode (AgNWs/GCE). Effect of pH and scan rate was investigated to examine the proton transfer number, electron transfer number, electron transfer coefficient and standard rate constant of electrode. Under optimized condition, the reduction peak current and the concentration of 4-NP exhibits the linear relation with the concentration range from 0.6–32μM, and the limit of detection was determined to be 52nM (S/N=3). Although, AgNWs-PANI/GCE were applied to detect the determination the 4-NP in real water samples at the recover ranging from 97.0–101.5%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Silver Nanowire-Polyaniline (AgNWs-PANI) composite were synthesized. </LI> <LI> Physico-chemical characterization was analyzed. </LI> <LI> Electrochemical sensor was done. </LI> <LI> Lower limit of detection was determined to be 52nM. </LI> </UL> </P>

논문(論文) : 중국철학에서 본체론적 사유의 전개

유운초 ( Yun Chao Liu ),이승모(역) 안동대학교 퇴계학연구소 2012 退溪學 Vol.21 No.-

선진(先秦) 도가(道家)와 유가(儒家)의 사상체계는 본체론(本體論)과 우주론(宇宙論)이 원만하게 융합되어 있었으며, 『노자(老子)』의 도(道)와 『역전(易傳)』의 역(易)은 모두 유무합일(有無合一), 체용불이(體用不二)의 사유방식이었다. 이와 같이 본체론과 우주론이 원만하게 융합되고 유무(有無)가 합일된 초기 본체론은 장자(莊子), 맹자(孟子)에 이르러 점점 본체론에 치중하게 되며, 한(漢)대에 이르러 선진시기 우주론과 본체론이 융합된 형태가 분열하게 된다. 원기론(元氣論)이 발전하면서 우주생성론으로 치우치게 되며, 참위학(讖緯學)이 흉기하면서 우주생성론은 번잡화, 신비화 되어가고, 유무(有無)가 혼합된 본체론에서 점점 무(無)를 중시하는 본체론으로 흐르게 된다. 위진현학(魏晉玄學)에 이르러서는 본체론에 치우치는 경향이 나타나게 되며 이무위본(以無爲本)의 편향된 사유가 학술사조의 주류가 된다. 송(宋)대에 이르러 한(漢)대 우주론과 위진(魏晉) 본체론의 편향성을 극복하고, 우주론과 본체론이 단절된 두 이론을 하나로 융합해 새로운 형식의 본체론 철학을 완성하게 되며, 리(理)와 기(氣)를 빌어 유무합일(有無合一), 체용불이(體用不二)가 특징인 초기 본체론으로 되돌아가는 사상체계를 완성하게 된다. The Chinese ontology philosophy has 2 characters compared with the Western philosophy, The First is that Cosmogenesis(宇宙發生論) and Ontology (本體論) are one, The Second is the special thought way of thinking being (有) and nonbeing (無) as a whole, thinking reality (體) and phenomena (用) as a whole. These two points have always been the characteristic of ancient Chinese philosophy all along in general. So we can say Chinese philosophy had its "integrate harmony"(圓融embracive, perfect integration and ultimate harmony). But in detail, there were a lot of complicated divisions and integrations happened in the Chinese thinking history. Only talking about the logical course of the category of Reality, from Pre-qin ages(先秦時代) to Song (宋) and Ming (明) dynasty, those changes can be summarized to 2 points. One is that Cosmology and Ontology were disintegrated into 2 parts from a whole, and then were integrated into a whole again. The other is that being and non being were divided into 2 parts, and then were reverted to the all and the one again in Song and Ming dynasty, the categories of reality and phenomena were the same. That is to say New-Confucianism reverted their thinking to Pre-qin philosophy at a higher level and then had its integrate harmony again. Furthermore, there is another important character in the course of logic changes, in Pre-qin ages both Lao-tzu and Confucius thought that the fundamental characteristic of the ultimate reality is "natural", it means not only inaction(無爲) but also endless life and growth(生生不息). But those subsequent thinkers changed their idea. The Taoist and the New Taoist laid particular stress on the meaning of inaction, the Confucianists and the New-Confucianists emphasized the meaning of endless life and growth.

融通和會 自得於心

Liu Yun chao(劉云超) 대한철학회 2015 哲學硏究 Vol.136 No.-

왕신자(王申子)는 송(宋)나라 말기에서 원(元)나라 중후기까지 살았던 역학자(易學者)이다. 매우 혼란한 시대를 살았던 그는 일생동안 은거생활을 하며 지냈기 때문에 세상에 이름이 잘 알려지지 않았다. 그러나 그는 역학을 연구하는 방면에서 매우 큰 업적을 남겼으며, 그가 쓴《대역집설(大易緝說)》,《춘추류전(春秋類傳)》두 권의 책 중에서 지금까지 남아있는《대역집설》은 송원시기의 학술사상을 이해하는데 소홀히 할 수 없는 매우 중요한 자료이다. 왕신자의 사상에서 드러나는 중요한 특징은 포용성과 비판성이다. 그는 당시의 주류 학술사상뿐만 아니라 모든 학파의 사상을 비판적으로 계승하고 창조적으로 발전시켜 자신의 독특한 역학체계를 형성했다. 그의 이기(理氣)관은 대체적으로 유가와 도가사상을 융합하고 주자학과 육왕학을 아우르는 송·원시기의 학술추세를 드러낸다. 그러나 그는 언제나 일반적인 학술적 관행을 따르지 않고 자신이 공부해서 체득한 독창적인 견해를 제기했다. 어떤 때에는 당시 매우 권위 있는 관점에 대해서도 그대로 받아들이지 않고 자신의 관점으로 이해하고 해석했다. 그는 한편으로 자각적으로 정주이학을 계승했으며, 다른 한편으로 장재(張載)의 기철학을 받아들여 '기(氣)'가 역학사상의 중요한 범주가 되도록 했다. 뿐만 아니라 "무극이 태극이다(無極而太極)."라는 의미를 "무에서 유가 나타난다(無生有)."라는 의미로 이해하고, '태극(太極)'을 '이기합일(理氣合一)'로 이해했으며, 이로 인해 '태극'이 '도(道)'와 '기(器)', '무(無)'와 '유(有)'를 이어주는 연결고리가 되도록 했다. 모든 학파의 관점을 분석하고 헤아려 서로간의 절충과 조화를 시도한 왕신자의 역학사상은 이론적인 방면에서 매우 독창적인 특징을 지닌다고 볼 수 있다. Wang Shenzi(王申子) is a Yi-ology(易学) scholar who lived in the last year of the Song dynasty. His idea of Li-Qi(理气) is special. First of all, You may find a typical type of fusion from Wang's description. For instance, fusion of Confucianism and Daoism, fusion of Zhu-xi(朱熹)and Lu jiu-yuan(陆九渊), fusion of Qi(元氣) and Idea(理). Wang's theory shows us a characteristic of coordination and fusion. Secondly, on account of the independence study feature in Shu(蜀), Wang shen-zi often breaks the routine and makes some of his own points. When Wang talks about the concept "Non Ultimate then Grand Ultimate"(無極而太極), he explains it as "Existing comes from Non-existing"(無生有), the latter being a Daoism proposition. At the same time, Grand Ultimate(太極) is the mixture of Idea and Qi in his theory, and can be interpreted by either Non-existing and Existing viewpoints. This is Wang's original creation.

Conditioning Characteristics of Kaolin Sludge with Different Cationic Polyelectrolytes

( Min Chao Chang,Hui Ling Lin,Cheu Lin Huang,Yung Yun Wang,Chi Chao Wang ) 한국물환경학회 1997 제6차 국제수질보전학회 아시아 태평양지역 학술회의 Vol.2 No.-