尹瓘 九城硏究의 綜合的整理

윤여덕(尹汝德)(Yoon, Yu-uck) 백산학회 2012 白山學報 Vol.- No.92

尹瓘 9城의 설치 범위에 대해서는 조선 초기까지만 해도 고려사, 세종실록 지리지, 동국여지승람 등 官撰史料의 기록 그대로 두만강 북(7백리)에 공험진과 선춘령이 있다는 데 의심의 여지가 없었다. 그러나 조선 중기 우리나라 역사지리학의 창시자인 韓百謙이 등장하여 함경남도 利原郡과 端川郡 경계의 磨雲嶺,높이 416m 상에 있는 石樞舊基, 돌기둥이 서 있는 옛터를 윤관비(선춘령 정계비)로 推定한 이래 그의 영향을 받은 실학자들이 윤관비를 마운령 이남으로 내려잡는, 이른바 吉州 이남설을 제기하기에 이르렀다. 그 이후 1929년에 현장을 답사한 崔南善에 의해 문제의 비는 신라 진흥왕의 巡狩碑로 뒤늦게 밝혀졌다. 일제 官邊 사학자 이케우치 池內宏 등이 이를 빌미(핑계)삼고 조선인들의 실학자에게 거는 기대와 信望에 편승하여 윤관9성을 아예 함경남도 함주군과 홍원군 경계에 있는 咸關嶺 높이 450m이남, 즉 함흥평야 일대로까지 끌어내려 버렸다. 이른바 함흥평야설이다. 그러나 윤관 9성 연구의 선구자인 方東仁과 金九鎭은 세종실록 지리지 상에서 밝히고 있는 선춘령과 공험진의 위치를 추적한 끝에 두만 강북 7백리 지점, 綏汾河 상류 지역에 있는 老松嶺이 곧 선춘령 일 것이라고 추정한 바 있다. 최근 한 軍,육군소장 출신 교수 尹日寧이 5백 년 전에 6진을 개척했던 金宗瑞가 발로 답사했던 세종지리지 상의 그 路程을 GPS 방식으로 두 차례에 걸쳐 실측하여 앞의 두 원로교수가 추정했던 노송령이 곧 선춘령임을 재확인하게 되었다. About the territories of nine castles established by general Yoon, Gwan, there had been no doubt until the former era of Chosun dynasty that it was the area of ‘Gonghum’ fortress and Mt.’Sunchun’. It is seven hundreds li north of Tomun river. This is according to official government history records "The history of Corea dynasty", "The chronicle of King Sejong (geography section)" and "The geographical information of eastern country". But the founder of historical geography of Korea, Han, Baek-gyum estimated that a stone foundation which is located on Mt. Maun near to the boundary of ‘Iwon’ county and ‘Dancheon’ county of southern Hamkyung province must be the monument of general Yoon-Gwan. Japanese historians who were controlled by the government like Ikeuchi Hiroshi took advantage of this theory and the respect of Korean people toward these scholars. They insisted that general Yoon,gwan's nine castles should be located in the Hamheung plain that is south of Mt. Hamgwan The frontrunner of the study of general Yoon,gwan's 'nine castles', professor Bang, dong-in already knew Ikeuchi's bad intension 35 years ago, and wrote "(Ikeuchi's theory) is total distortion." in his article <A thought regarding Yoon-gwan's nine castles>. And professor Kim,gu-jin found Korea's oldest map 'The map of eastern country' in the Naikaku library ’ in Japan, and studied location of Mt.Sunchun and ‘Gonghum’ fortress. Finally, he concluded that Mt.Nosong, seven hundred li north of Tomun river should be Mt.Sunchun in his article <Gonghum fortress and the monument of Mt.Sunchun>. The record of ‘Chronicle of King Sejong ’ which might be the base of the 'The map of eastern country' is the milestone of the seven hundreds li way north of Tomun river which was studied and recorded by then governor of Hamkil province, general Kim,Jong-Seo who established ‘six fortresses’ afterward. He did this according to secret mission of King Sejong. Recently a professor named Yoon, yil-young who was former general of Republic of Korean Army, surveyed the route of “The chronicle of King Sejong " route surveyed by twice through the method of GPS and proved that as the estimation of former two professors, “Mt.Nosong mountains is actually Mt.Sunchun”. And for ‘Gonghum’ fortress, it should be the 'Obong mountain castle' which is located on the north-western part of Habipa mountain ranges. By doing this, he could prove that Mt.Sunchun and ‘Gonghum’ fortress were the tactical fortresses which were established to defend the eastern side and the north-western side by general Yoon,gwan who conquered Yeojin people in order to secure Karran area.

Changes in Block Exemption Applied to Maritime Transport and its Implication

Yoon,Yu ri,Pak,Myong Sop,Hong,Ran ju 한국무역상무학회 2010 貿易商務硏究 Vol.48 No.-

This study reviews maritime transport policy regarding liner conference and the changes in the liner market over the decades. Liner shipping industry has long been protected from competition by block exemption. To prevent excessive competition in punctual operation and its inelastic market structure, liner shipping companies formed conferences that are protected to fix the prices under the law. In the US, deregulation in transport sector began from 80's and continuing with OSRA 1998, conferences were dissolving. On the other hand, the EU with close conference system, Regulation 4056/86 contained block exemption remained in force for unlimited time without review clause. However, in Oct 2008, the EU has announced its removal, and conferences were no longer permitted to fix the price nor exchange information. Although OSRA 1998 has already broken up conferences by allowing individual service contracts, but the repeal of the immunity for price fixing will alter significantly the rule on cooperation in the industry since it is a unilateral move by the EU, especially in transatlantic lane. There are rapid changes in shipping market getting much more complicated, and with removal of 4056/86 allowing the market to be more competitive, opening up the industry with far more diverse strategic options. Hence this paper reviews on liner shipping industry and its changes of policies over the years from protected market to open competition market of today.

Examining Chinese Consumer Brand Attitudes: Perceived Brand Globalness vs. Localness and the Mediating Role of Quality, Prestige, and Image

Yu,Di(Di Yu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

The current paper investigates the impact of a brand's perceived globalness and localness on brand attitude, focusing on the mediating roles of perceived quality, brand prestige, and brand image in China. While previous studies have discussed the effect of perceived brand globalness and localness on consumers' brand attitudes and purchase intentions, there is still limited research conducted in the Chinese market. Particularly, this study differs from previous ones by examining the mediating effect of brand image in addition to perceived quality and brand prestige. The analysis reveals that perceived brand globalness and localness positively influence the brand attitude of Chinese consumers, as supported by the mediating effects of perceived quality, brand prestige, and brand image. Moreover, through mediating effect analysis, brand prestige emerges as the strongest mediator between perceived brand globalness/localness and brand attitude, indicating that Chinese consumers' attitudes toward global and local brands are primarily influenced by brand prestige. Additionally, perceived quality and brand image are found to have subsequent effects. Conversely, the primary influencing factor on Chinese consumers' attitude toward perceived brand localness is brand prestige, followed by brand image and perceived quality. This suggests that, alongside brand prestige, brand image significantly impacts Chinese consumers. These findings imply that Chinese marketing brand managers should prioritize enhancing brand prestige to meet the status and prestige pursuit of Chinese consumers. Consequently, this study is considered significant as it explores the perceived globalness and localness of brands and provides practical implications formarketingmanagers.

전염소 투입 및 정수지 구조가 정수장 총소독능에서 갖는 중요성 평가

윤제용(Je Yong Yoon),변석종(Seok Jong Byun),최유식(Yu Sik Choi) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Disinfection is one of the most important processes in water treatment plants since it protects consumers from waterborne diseases. In Korea, chlorine which is most frequently used as a disinfectant is generally applied in two ways: prechlorination and postchlorination. Postchlorination is to supply chlorine to the influent of a clearwell. While, prechlorination is to add chlorine to rapid mixing chamber or water intake in plants. Major disinfection reaction occurs in the step of post chlorination. Therefore, frequently, prechlorination is not counted on in evaluating disinfection credit. This study was conducted to evaluate the importance of prechlorination and the existence of baffling wall in clearwell with the United States disinfection requirement(Surface Water Treatment Rule). Eight water plants were considered. Yoon`s classification(1997) was selected in classifying the prechlorination practice in water treatment plant. It was found that most of the prechlorination practices performed in water plants(three out of four types) were not important in gaining any significant disinfection credit. One prechlorination practice conducted to remove ammonia in raw water became significant in meeting the disinfection requirement. Despite the existence of baffling walls of clearwell, T_(10)/T varied considerably in the range of 0.3-0.6, indicating that the existence of baffling wall itself does not guarantee the goodness of plug flow characteristics. For some plants, T_(10)/T were lower than that of US-EPA conservative recommendation which is considered when tracer test could not be performed.

迎日灣의 ECOSYSTEM 硏究 3. 水溫

尹伊鏞,朴相來,李東澈,金基台,崔銀珠,安由煥 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1988 Marine Nature Vol.1 No.1

In order to observe hydrological characteristics in the Gulf of Yoeng-il, measurements of water temperature have been carried out from February to August 1983, and from August 1985 to December 1986. Surface water temperatures are closely linked to air temperature and solar-radiation for all littoral stations. Seasonal and annual variations of all horizontal stations are very similar to one another. Vertical variations of water temperatures for the stations located along the central-line of the Gulf are characteristic (and observed) as thermoclines and thermal stratification in the hottest summer-time (August). It is interesting to note that water column temperature of July and September are rather warmer than August, on account of a cold water mass coming from NE direction. For example, surface temperature in June 1982 was above 19℃, but the water below a depth of about 30m drastically drops to 4℃. It is indicative of invasion of water mass from cold current or deep sea.

AE기법 이용한 JLF/STS304이종재료의 최적 마찰용접조건에 관한 연구

윤한기,이진경,이상필,공유식 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.2

저방사화 페라이트강인 JLF는 핵융합로의 블랑켓과 같은 열교환기의 재료로써 유용한 재료이다. 이 재료의 광범위한 적용을 위해서는 JLF강과 다른 재료와의 접합기술의 개발이 중요하다. 최근 두 이종재료간의 접합에는 마찰용접이 많이 이용되고 있으며 본 연구에서도 JLF강과 STS304 간의 마찰용접에 의한 용접특성을 평가하였으며 특히 비파괴기법중의 하나인 음향방출 기법을 이용하여 두 이종재료간의 용접특성 및 최적의 용접조건을 평가하였다. 음향방출 파라미터중의 하나인 카운트와 사상수 등이 최적용접조건 및 용접품질을 평가하는데 유효한 파라미터들이었다. Japanese low activation ferritic steel(JLF) is a good material for the parts of heat exchanger such as blanket and diverter. At first, JLF was developed as a candidate for structural materials in nuclear fusion applications. However, the development of the jointing technique of JLF steel to other materials is important for wide applications of this material to the industry fields. Recently the jointing technologies including diffusion bonding, brazing, roll bonding, explosive bonding and hot iso-static pressing have been studied for the heterogeneous materials of JLF-1 steel(Fe-9Cr-2W-V-Ta) and stainless steel(STS304). Friction welding is one of the most popular welding methods for two different kinds of materials. In this paper, the JLF-1 steel was jointed to STS304 by friction welding method and the optimal conditions of the friction welding discussed. Acoustic emission was used as a nondestructive technique to evaluate the weld quality in processing.

腦卒中患者에 倂發된 肺炎에 대한 東西醫學 協力治療의 臨床的 硏究 : 抗生劑 使用實態와 死亡率을 中心으로

尹相協,柳在煥,景銀培,羅嶺雪,閔炳一,金裕國,金鍾烈,柳基遠 경희대학교 1992 慶熙醫學 Vol.8 No.4

國語醇化運動에 關한 小考 : 實踐方案의 提示

劉正烈,裵潤德 誠信女子大學校 1976 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.-

진균성 부비동염 환자의 상악동내 농성 분비물에 대한 세균 배양 및 항생제 감수성 결과

이윤식,김용재,김재호,정유삼,이봉재 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.10

산부식전 수종의 법랑질 표면 처리과정이 레진 결합력에 미치는 효과 : BOND STRENGTH ANALYSIS AND SEM STUDY 전단강도 분석 및 주사 전자현미경 연구

윤여상,김용기 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various enamel surface treatment methods prior to etching on the resin-to-enamel bond strength and surface morphology. The measurement of shear bond strenght was done using Universal Testing Machine and the surface structure was observed through Scanning Electron Microscope with the following results : 1. Group with pumice prophylaxis demonstrated the highest mean value among the tested groups and Group Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ in declined order respectively. 2. The fracture patterns observed mainly was an adhesive type with similar distribution in all groups with the characteristic higher frequency of cohesive type in Group Ⅱ. 3. Pumice treated enamel surface showed quite sinilar surface structure to normal enamel surface whereas Group Ⅲ demonstrated general precipitation of organic materials and Group Ⅳ revealed the sparse precipitation of the material which is assumed to be the reaction products of hydrogen peroxide. 4. After acid etching, Group Ⅱ showed a similar pattern of typical acid etching of normal enamel, while Group Ⅲ showed the general amorphous appearance and Group Ⅳ with the white frosty appearance.