고포도당이 백서 사구체 메산지움 배양세포에서 p38 MAPK 활성화 및 Fibronectin 생성에 미치는 영향

유태현 ( Yu Tae Hyeon ),허종호 ( Heo Jong Ho ),류동열 ( Lyu Dong Yeol ),김현욱 ( Kim Hyeon Ug ),이수현 ( Lee Su Hyeon ),김진주 ( Kim Jin Ju ),정동섭 ( Jeong Dong Seob ),최규헌 ( Choe Gyu Heon ),이호영 ( Lee Ho Yeong ),한대석 ( Han 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.5

목 적 : 고포도당으로 자극한 백서 메산지움 배양세포에서 p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)의 활성화와 p38 MAPK의 상부와 하부인자로 알려져 있는 MAPK kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6)와 c-AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)의 활성화, 그리고 fibronectin 합성을 자극 시간에 따라 관찰하고, p38 MAPK 경로와 fibronectin 합성 사이의 연관성을 규명함으로서 당뇨병성 신증의 병태생리를 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 백서 메산지움 배양세포를 정상 포도당 (5.6 mM), 고포도당 (30 mM), 또는 정상 포도당+만니톨 (24.4 mM)로 자극한 후 첫째 p38 MAPK; 둘째 p38 MAPK의 상부 인자인 MKK3/6; 셋째 p38 MAPK의 하부인자인 CREB; 넷째 MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1)의 변화를 자극 시간 (3분-48시간)에 따라 Western blot을 이용하여 관찰하였으며, 다섯째 fibronectin의 변화는 RT-PCR과 ELISA를 이용하여 확인하였다. 결 과 : 고포도당으로 자극한 백서 사구체 메산지움 배양세포에서 p38 MAPK 경로가 활성화 되었다. Total p38 MAPK 단백은 변화가 없었으나, 활성화된 phospho-p38 MAPK 단백은 고포도당군에서 자극 10분 후부터 정상 포도당군에 비해 의의있게 증가되었으며 (평균 1.9배), phospho-CREB 단백 역시 고포도당군에서 자극 10분 후부터 의미있게 증가되었다 (평균 2.5배). 이에 비해 p38 MAPK의 상부인자인 phospho-MKK3/6는 고포도당군에서 자극 3분 후부터 의의있게 증가되었다 (평균 2.4배). 또한, MKP-1 단백 발현은 고포도당군에서 p38 MAPK의 활성이 증가하기 시작한 시기와 동일한 시기 (자극 10분 후)부터 증가하기 시작하였다 (평균 1.9배). Fibronectin mRNA와 세포 배양액내 fibronectin은 고포도당군에서 자극 48시간 후에 각각 1.7배와 1.5배 증가되었으며, 이러한 증가는 p38 MAPK 억제제인 SB203580 (1 μM)에 의해 각각 73%와 69% 억제되었다. 결 론 : 고포도당으로 자극한 백서 사구체 메산지움 배양세포에서 p38 MAPK 경로의 활성화를 확인하였으며, p38 MAPK 억제제가 고포도당에 의한 fibronectin의 합성 증가를 억제시키는 것으로 보아 당뇨병성 신증에서 관찰되어지는 fibronectin의 축적에 p38 MAPK 경로가 관여할 것으로 생각된다. Background : The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is activated by several stress factors, potentially leading to cellular apoptosis and growth. Little is known about the pattern of p38 MAPK pathway activation in mesangial cells under high glucose conditions. We examined the activity and expression of p38 MAPK members, 1x78 MAPK, MAPK kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6), c-AMP responsive element binding protein (CREE), and MAPK phosphatase-l (MKP-1) in cultured rnesangial cells exposed to high glucose. Methods : Mesangial cells were subcultured from rat glomeruli isolated by sieving technique. After serum restriction for 48 hours rnesangial cells were exposed to 5.6 mM glucose (low glucose, LG), 5.6 mM glucose+24.4 mM mannitol (LG+M), or 30 mM glucose (high glucose, HG) for 3 minutes to 48 hours with or without SU203580. Western blot was performed to determine the activity and protein expression of p38 MAPK members. R`I-I`CR and ELISA were performed for fibronectin mRNA expression and fibronectin synthesis, respectively. Results : p38 MAPK and CREB activities were significantly increased in rnesangial cells exposed to FIG compared with LG or LG+M after 10 minutes and was sustained at higher levels to 48 hours (p<0.05), but total p38 MAPK and CREB protein expressions did not differ. MKP--1 showed a similar pattern as p 3 MAPK and CREE (p<O.O.i). MKK3/6 acitvity was significantly higher in HG cells after 3 minutes and remained at higher levels throught the study period (p<0.05). Fibronectin mRNA expression and fibronectin synthesis were significantly increased in mesangial cells exposed to HG after 48 hours (p<0.05). SB203580 (1 pM) pretreatment for 1 hour significantly reduced HG-induced fibronectin mRNA expression and fibronectin synthesis by 73% and 69%, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : p38 MAPK activity was increased in mesangial cells exposed to HG in parallel with increased MKK3/6 activity, resulting in CREB activation and increased fibronectin synthesis. This activated p38 MAPK may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

부정적인 현실에 대항하는 사회적 소통의 관계망 -공지영의 『도가니』를 중심으로

유경수 ( Gyeong Su Yu ) 현대문학이론학회 2011 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.45

이 작품을 읽는 동안 우리는 일단 작품에 재현된 부조리한 현실에 대해서 분노하게 된다. 그 분노는 부정을 저지르고도 태연한 기득권층에 대한 비판을 끌어내고 비기득권층 간의 공감대를 형성하게 한다. 그리고 이를 통해 우리는 서로의 생각이 같음을 확인하고 소통의 길을 연다. 세상을 바꾸는 것도 어렵겠지만 세상이 자신을 바꾸지 못하게 하는 것이 더 힘들다. 청각장애아들과 강인호, 서유진은 세상을 바꾸려는 시도를 하지만 거대한 벽에 부딪히게 된다. 그러나 이들의 외침이 공허함에 그치는 것은 아니었다. 자신의 목소리를 내지 못하던 청각장애인들이 주체적으로 생각하게 만들었고, 세상 사람들이 자애학원의 진실에 대해서 알게 한 것만으로도 충분히 가치가 있다. 이제 이들은 세상이 자신을 바꾸지 못하게 할 힘을 얻었다. 우리는 이 작품을 통해서 진정한 귀머거리는 누구인가 하는 의문을 던지게 된다. 이 시대를 살아가는 우리들은 자신의 내면의 소리에 귀 기울이고 있는지, 사회적 약자의 목소리를 듣고 있는지 말이다. 이중 억압된 청각장애인 여성의 울부짖음을 듣고도 모른 척하는 것이 진정한 양심은 아닐진대 외면하는 것이 지금의 평화를 유지하는 길이라 믿고 살고 있는 것은 아닐까? 이 작품은 단지 청각장애인의 인권이 유린되었다는 단편적인 사실만을 전달하고자 하는 것이 아니다. 이 시대 이 사회가 거대한 권력장을 형성해서 이들의 인권을 묵인하고 묵살하며 동조하고 있는 것에 대한 터트림이다. 신문기사에 몇 줄 등장하고 잊혀지는 단순한 성폭행 사건에 대한 것이 아니라 우리가 기억하고 바꿔야 할 것들이 있다는 것에 대한 거센 외침이다. 문학은 분명 현실을 바꿀 수 있는 힘이 있음을 이 작품은 분명히 보여주고 있다. We cannot but feel resentment against the absurd reality reproduced in this work at first while reading it. The resentment helps to draw criticism on the Establishment that cheated but acts composed and to form a consensus among the Non-Establishment. Through this we confirm that we have the same ideas and pave the way for communication. Changing the world could be difficult, however, keeping oneself from being changed by the world is even more difficult. Kang In-ho and Seo Yu-jin with hearing-impaired children try to change the world but they run into a huge black wall. However, their outcry didn`t remain only hollow. It is worth enough making the hearing-impaired children unable to voice themselves think independently and furthermore getting much public attention to the truth of Ja-ae School (The School of Affection). Now they got the power to keep themselves from being changed by the world. We come to call into question who are truly hearing-impaired through this piece. Living in our time, we have to ask ourselves if we are listening to our inner voice or paying attention to the voice of social minorities. Aren`t we living just believing that it is the only way to keep the peace even though it can`t be truly conscientious ignoring the cry of a hearing-impaired woman among them? This novel does not simply try to deliver a piecemeal fact that the human rights of the hearing-impaired was violated. It is the disclosure about this society in our time not only forming a huge power field but tolerating, ignoring and sympathizing with their human rights problem. It is not about a case of sexual violence reported a few lines in the newspaper and then quick forgotten but about a strong voice of what we must remember and bring about changes. This work obviously says literature has the power able to change reality certainly.

Cyclic Loading Test of Structural Walls with Small Openings

Hyun-Jin Yu,Su-Min Kang,Hong-Gun Park,정란 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.6

This study aimed to investigate the effects of small openings on the structural performance of reinforced-concrete(RC) structural walls. Cyclic lateral loading tests were conducted on five RC walls with an aspect ratio of 2.6 and small openings. The main test parameter was the size of the small openings. The specimens were designed to fail after flexural yielding, considering the typical failure mode of slender RC walls. The structural performances of the test specimens were analyzed based on the test results in terms of the load-carrying capacity (flexural strength), hysteretic behavior, strain distribution, and the size of the openings. The specimens showed flexural yielding regardless of the size of the openings, and the flexural strength and deformation capacity were not significantly affected by the small openings. This result indicates that small openings do not affect the flexural behavior of slender walls if the walls have sufficient shear resistance and the small openings are located away from the extreme compressive end and in the compression zone where compressive stress does not decrease.

Occurrence assessment of earth fissure based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence area, China

Wenjing Zhang,Li Gao,Xun Jiao,Jun Yu,Xiaosi Su,Shanghai Du 한국지질과학협의회 2014 Geosciences Journal Vol.18 No.4

Earth fissures in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence areahave induced massive damages to the area. The non-linear characteristicassociated with the process of earth fissure formation requiresnon-linear method for evaluating the occurrence of the hazard. Based on quantification of influence factors on breeding the hazard,GA-ANN method, which integrates artificial neural networks(ANN) with genetic algorithms (GA), is developed for evaluating theoccurrence of earth fissure hazard. Six indicators, that include thedepth of bedrock burial (DBB), the degree of bedrock relief (DBR),water level (WL) (the II confined aquifer), the gradient of landsubsidence (GLS), transmissivity (T) (the II confined aquifer) andthe thickness of clay soil (TCS), are selected as the input patternsof the integrated approach, and danger index (DI) as the outputpattern. A multilayer back-propagation neural network is trainedwith 30 sets of data samples including 15 sets of earth fissure samplesand 15 sets of safety samples for defining the architecture ofANN. Subsequently, GA is employed by optimizing the initial weightsof trained ANN by minimizing the deviation of output. The efficacy ofthe integrated approach is demonstrated by comparing the deviationof output from ANN and GA-ANN for 5 testing samples andthe result shows that the GA-ANN method is more accurate thanANN in identifying the occurrence of earth fissure. The integratedmethod is applied to the assessment of earth fissure hazard in typicalregions of earth fissure. According to the classification of DI, theregions are divided into four zones ‒ danger zone, sub-danger zone,sub-safe zone and safe zone.

전자음악 및 대중음악에 관한 비교문석 연구

유수웅 경복대학 2000 京福論叢 Vol.4 No.-

인류 문명의 역사는 20세기에 이르러 이전의 그 어느 시기보다도 빠른 속도로 발전되었다. 이 가운데 대중문화의 발전은 각 문화의 독자적인 성장과 함께 여러 다양한 문화들의 상호 작용에 의하여 복합적인 형태를 형성하며 발전하게 된다. 이러한 대중문화의 한 부분인 대중음악 또한 대중문화의 유사한 모습의 발전양상을 띄게 되고 이것은 1950년대에 형성된 전자음악이라는 새로운 음악 경향을 흡수하게 되면서 보다 혁신적인 성장을 이루게 된다. 1960년대 말엽부터 형성되기 시작한 테크노음악은 전자음향기기의 발전과 많은 음악적 성장을 통하여 1990년대에 이르러서는 대중음악의 주류로서 자리하려는 움직임을 보이게 된다. 이 같은 테크노음악의 생성과 발전은 대중음악에 접목된 전자음악의 새로운 경향이라고 할 수 있으며 그 결과 다음과 같은 점을 발견 할 수 있었다. 첫째, 테크노음악은 전자음악의 대중화된 모습으로서 초기 전자음악의 실험적이고 전문적인 음악적 성향을 가지고 있으면서도 실제 대중들에게 소비되어지는 형태를 취하고 있다. 둘째, 테크노음악은 대중음악에 전자음악이 접목되는 가운데 생성된 형태로 그 과정에서 복합적인 음악의 성장을 이루게 되고 그 결과 세분화된 다양한 하위음악 장르를 형성하게 된다. 무엇보다도 테크노음악이 대중음악계에 미친 영향은 발전적인 새로운 음악 경향의 생성이라는 결론과 함께 테크노음악이 발전되면서 나타난 여러 가지 음악문화의 발전에 있다. 예를 들어 댄스 음악문화의 형성, 클럽문화의 정착화, 라이브 문화와 레코드 문화사이의 상호작용 등이 그것이라 할 수 있다. 또한 테크노음악의 미래지향적이고 도전적인 성격은 앞으로의 대중음악의 전망을 밝게 하고 있다. We have made so much rapid development in our human cultural history since 20th century than any other past, in this process, the development of mass culture has grown up and each culture has made unique process by mutual actions of various civilizations. Popular music as a part of mass culture has entered on similar shape with that and has made an innovating development by assimilation of new trend in music. Techno Music which has been building up through the end of 1960's intended to get the main position by development of electronic sound machinery and popular music. These formation and growth of Techno Music IS may be said as anew tendency of electronic music involved with popular music and as a result I could find several factors like these. In the first place, Techno Music has an experimental and special disposition of primary electronic music as a popularized form, but also can be used up by the real consumer. Secondly, Techno Music a kind of form which has sprung from the linkage of electronic music to popular music. In the process of correlation, complex music genre has grown and diverse, detailed subcategoried sort of music genre have arisen. More than anything else, the impact of Techno Music on popular music is the rise of new paradigmatic music pattern and the progress of various music culture triggered by the Techno Music development. We can easily see the influence in the formation of 'dance music' culture, the settlement of club culture, and the interplay of live performance culture with 'ever-prepared record-type products' culture.

Carl Orff의 Carmina Burana 분석연구

유수웅 경복대학 1998 京福論叢 Vol.2 No.-

본문에서 다루고자 하는 Carmina Burana는 전통적인 형식 및 화성구조에 악곡의 구조원리를 두지 않고 가사에서 파생된 리듬을 주로 하여, 단순한 화성구조 위에 주제를 집요하게 반복 사용하고, 복잡한 대위법을 인용하여 선명한 구조를 이루고 있어, 전체적으로 단순함과 리듬을 강하게 느끼게 하는 음향중심의 악곡으로 Carl Off의 음악적 특징들을 잘 나타내는 곡이다. 본 연구의 목적은 Orff의 대표적 작품인 Carmina Burana를 표현적인 방법을 통하여 20세기의 새로운 합창곡으로 Orff는 20세기 전반기를 지배한 주류-인상주의음악, 표현주의음악, 신고전주의음악 등에 얽매이지 않고 스스로의 의식을 고수하며 독창적인 방법을 만들어 가는 한편, 극음악을 통하여 원시성 극대화를 추구하였다. 기초성과 단순성을 가장 중심에 두는 그의 원시주의는, 엄격성과 인위적으로 조직된 복합성을 바탕으로 삼는 Stravinsky의 원시주의와는 또 다른 창의력을 보여주고 있기 때문이다. 그는 그의 동시대에 유행하던 낭만주의, 인상주의 등의 조류에 따르지 않고 원시적인 미를 느끼게 하는 기본적이고 직접적인 독자적 음악어법을 전개하였고, 무대음악 작곡에 전념한 독특한 작곡가였으며 리듬을 통한 새로운 음악 교육법을 주장한 음악교육자이며 또한 음악학자로서도 널리 알려져 있다. On this thesis, with a propose to study on Orff's characteristic, musical mode of expression, then his representative work, "Carmina Burana" has been analysed. In analysis those pieces, because Orff's music didn't follow traditions types of harmonious structures, but centered on sounds which characterize a repeat and simplicity stressed (emphasized) on rhythms derived from the song-text's moderation the characteristics of each element's musical structures and methods of combination, etc. were analyzed so mindly without adapting a tractional analytic method, taking regular section having the same elements (rhythm accompaniment-type, melody-composition, ect.) as "one-section" then Block-Section into several composing elements. His musical idea based on the unification of the three elements, music, language and action (specially dancing element). And as a drama performed by a resultant of those three, being called a "worldly shadow" (worldly drama:Welt Theater), a spread of drama as a "worldly shadow" became a basis for his creation of the stage-musics. He wa a characteristic composer who had developed a sole mode of expression of his own, without being tied with such as fashionable tendencies; Romantism, Impressionism, Expresionism, etc., which had dominated first over the first half or 20 century. He tried a Maximization of Primitivity, and his primitivism was on basis, simple and basical, which is entirely distinguishable with Stravinsky's primitivism strict, artificial and complex.

유아교사의 전문성 신장을 위한 교사 포트폴리오 제작 경험의 의미

유수경,황해익 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2005 영유아보육연구 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of making a teacher portfolio to help preschool teachers improve their professionalism. Three teachers participated in this study for 10 weeks. In the course of making the teacher portfolio, what could improve the professionalism of teachers was identified by examining the materials of in-depth interviews and participant observation, their reflective journals and conference records among their colleagues. As a result, the factors to enhance their qualifications were building positive pride and beliefs in teaching profession, active coping with class situations, reflective thinking, ceaseless efforts for the acquisition of better ability, and creating cooperative culture among teachers.

뇌졸중 노인을 돌보는 주간호제공자의 부담감과 예측요인 : 한방병원 입원 노인을 중심으로

유수정,김신미,이윤정,박연환 노인간호학회 2004 노인간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing burden in primary caregivers caring for an elderly person who has had a stroke. Method : A convenience sample of 124 primary caregivers of elderly people with a stroke admitted to an oriental medicine hospital participated in this study. Interviews were done with a standardized questionnaire including Caregiver Burden Scale (Chang, 1995). Result: Average burden score was 93.19, indicating a moderate to severe level of burden. Time-dependent burden had the highest score of the sub-domains. For general characteristics, the factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were gender and age of the elderly person, age and educational level of the caregiver, whether living together or not, and the presence of another caregiver. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that level of ADL of the elderly person, relationship between the elderly person and the caregiver prior to the stroke, caregivers' relation to the elderly person and primary income were significant factors in explaining variance in overall burden. Conclusion : Recognition of high levels of caregiver burden and factors influencing burden will allow us to develop different nursing strategies to decrease caregiver burden in those caring for an elderly person with a stroke.

자기효능증진 교육프로그램이 고혈압 노인의 자기효능감, 자가간호행위 및 혈압에 미치는 효과

유수정,송미순,이윤정 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various Physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior. through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly' hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1.There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2.There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3.There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. 4.There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the, program. and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.

두개안면이골증의 두 증례

류수경,강기현,고광준 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.3

Craniofacial dysostosis is considered to be one of rarely observed syndromes characterized by premature closing of all cranial sutures. The first patient was a 4-year-old male infant who had been complaining of empyema. Clinical findings showed exophthalmos, hypertelorism and facial asymmetry. Conventional radiographs demonstrated abscence of cranial sutures and underdeveloped maxilla. CT scan demonstrated the digital impressions of the inner surface of the cranial vault, enlarged and depressed sella turcica. The second patient was a 2-year-old female infant who had been complaining of facial deformity. Clinical findings showed hypertelorism and underdeveloped maxilla. Radiographs showed premature synostosis of all cranial sutures, depressed and enlarged sella turcica, and hypoplastic maxilla. 3 years after operation, her look improved. However, resurgery may be considered to decreasing intracranial pressure and for correction of facial deformity. Two interesting cases showing ‘cloverleaf’ skulls were presented.