Perceptions and Functions of Korean Mianhada : Comparison with American English Sorry

Yu. Kyong-Ae 한국사회언어학회 2017 사회언어학 Vol.25 No.2

Yu, Kyong-Ae. 2017. “Perceptions and Functions of Korean Mianhada : Comparison with American English Sorry ”. The Sociolingusitc Journal of Korea 25(2), 197~224. Sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic conventions for apology vary from culture to culture. While the illocutionary purpose of apologizing in English is “the speaker s sense of social obligation” (Wierzbicka 1987: 215~217) and Japanese sumimasen involves “social-self with a social alter” (Ide 1998: 524), this study argues that Korean mianhada is an apology from the speaker s moral perspective linked with collective-self. Employing Wierzbicka s (1987) Natural Semantic Metalanguage, this study discusses that sorry is a separate concept but mianhada is a nebulous concept mixed with other emotions, e.g., thank and love . In addition, presenting the examples from corpus-based dictionaries, COCA, and the Sejong 21 st Century Corpus, this study discusses that sorry is authentically used as indirect and ritualistic apologies while mianhada is used as direct, indirect, ritualistic and substantive apologies. Finally, distinguishing main functions of mianhada into a sincere apology, a pseudo-apology, gratitude, a request initiator, a preclosing signal, and a territory invasion signal to strangers, this study provides cultural and ethnographical explanations.

王建의 勢力成長과 對弓裔關係

劉璟娥 東亞大學校 博物館 1991 考古歷史學志 Vol.7 No.-

폴리이미드 박막의 전기적 특성에 관한 연구

김유경,박귀남,김지균,이헌용 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - in this study, Polymide(PI) Thin-films of MIS structure and MIM structure is deposited on Si wafer and AI Thin-films based on spincoating method. Using material is SE5291(PAA) of NISSAN CHEMICAL. Spincoating velocity is 4000[rpm] for 5[min] The uniform thin films of PI formed by curing at 150[℃] for 30[min](Soft baking) and 350[℃] for 60[min](Hard baking). Thickness of PI Thin-films is 150-170 [nm]. For Electrical characteristics of PI Thin-films measured Ⅰ-Ⅴ properties, C-V properties and f-C properties. The result analysis is like below: Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristic using HP 4156A, C-V is HP 4280A f-C is HP 4294A

과거의 부담과 역사교육 : 홀로코스트와 독일의 중등학교 역사교과서 The Holocaust and the History School Books of (West) Germany

김유경 한국서양사학회 2003 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.77

The Burden of the Past and History Education: The Holocaust and the History School Books of (West) Germany The German word, Vergangenheitsbewa¨ltigung, hardly to translate into another foreign language, is a representative symptom of German mind in the post-war period. It signifies all the efforts of west German society to keep the negative experiences of Nazi regime, representatively the Holocaust, in their collective memory and to reconcile with the victims of it, including the reasonable remuneration for them, in order to prevent the evils of past from repeating. The history education and the history text books of west German school about the Holocaust in the post-war period have been one of the highly controversial points in the public discussions to confront with their evil legacy of National Socialism. Nowadays the treatment and writing of German school books on the Holocaust is well praised as a model case of Vergangenheistsbewa¨ltigung in general. The bitter experience of Holocaust is in the nearly all school books detailed described and treated in good balance. The educational intention of this treatment is also clear enough in consistence with the collective consensus of German Vergangenheitsbewa¨ltigung. However this satisfactory state of school books is the result of long yeared dispute over the evil German past. The improvement of school books is propelled more through the public disputes and conflicts than the efforts inside of historical scholarship and history education.

소비자의 라이프 스타일에 따른 패션행동양식에 관한 연구

정유정,박옥련,하종경,김서주 경성대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

A study is to divide consumer's spending pattern into life style and fashion behaviour, analyzing the interrelation of fashion behaviour according to life style, which brings about the following summarized results. First, as a result of the analysis of consumer's life style, most reveal to be an independent pioneering group and there is no significant difference between clients and staffs. Second, by analysis result from consumer's fashion behaviour pattern, it appears that factors as for sale promotion and quality enhancement have a meaningful variable. In case clients are concerned, buying ability, fashion sense and purchasing method have something meaningful. In addition, as to all customers and staffs, it turns out that a type of spending for pleasure and a type of independent pioneering have something to do closely with fashion sense.

김치의 장기 저장을 위한 살균시기에 관한 연구

황종현,유광원,이경행 한국산업식품공학회 2004 산업 식품공학 Vol.8 No.1

To develop a komchi with high sensory quality and storage stability, the optimum pasteurization time and temperature were investigated. Sliced kimchi with different acidity (0.3,0.5 and 0.8%) was prepared and pasteurized at 65 or 75℃, then the microbiological (number of total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts), physicochemical, and sensory changes were measured. The viable counts of total aerobes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts as well as valued of pH and acidity changed rapidly in control. However, the growth of microorpanisms was controlled by pasteurization tratments, and the changes of pH and acidity in the treated kimcji were smaller than those of control, although acidity of the samples was different at the initial state. The sensory results indicated that the overall quality of kimchi samples pasteutized at 0.3 or 0.8% acidity was relatively lower than for samples at 0.5% acidity. particularly, kimchi pasteuriaed at 65℃ were high scored in quality attributes compared to the other samples, with preserving a desirable flavor during whole storage period.

폐렴 구균(Streptococcus pneumoniae)에 의한 척수 경막외 농양 1예

이지영,위유미,손경목,기현균,문치숙,오원섭,백경란,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

폐렴구균은 보통 폐렴이나 뇌막염을 일으키는 균으로 척수 경막외 농양을 일으키는 경우는 매우 드물다. 본 저자들은 폐렴 구균에 의한 척수 경막 외 농양을 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. 과거 건강했던 36세 남자 환자로 사다리에서 낙상한 후 요통 및 고열, 신경학적 이상으로 내원하여 자기 공명 촬영 결과 척수 경막 외 농양으로 진단받고 항균제 투여와 함께 응급 수술을 시행하였다. 농 배양 결과 페니실린 감수성인 폐렴 구균이 분리 되었고, 수술 요법과 항생제 투여 후 농양은 치유되었으나 신경학적 이상은 호전 없는 상태로 타원으로 전원되었다. Pneumonia and meningitis are the most frequent manifestations of pneumococcal infections. Pneumococcal spinal epidural abscesses have been rarely reported. Spinal epidural abscess by Streptococcus pneumoniae has been diagnosed among the patients with diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, corticosteroid therapy, intravenous drug use, chronic renal failure, AIDS, and history of spinal surgery. Recently, we experienced a case of pneumococcal spinal epidural abscess after spinal trauma. A 36-year-old male patient was admitted with back pain, fever, and paraplegia which occurred 5 days after the trauma. Spine MRI revealed spinal epidural abscess at the level from T2 to T9. He was treated with antimicrobial agents and surgical exploration for spinal epidural abscess. Pus culture grew S. pneumoniae which was susceptible to penicillin. Despite early surgical treatment, neurologic sequelae remained. Considering the high mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal spinal epidural abscess, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment including surgical intervention and antibiotics therapy should be implemented immediately.

전산화단층촬영술을 이용한 만성중이염 환자 측두골에 대한 고찰

남승일,고의경,이창헌,김유찬,구수권,이상화,전경명 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

비파괴 측정을 위한 근접장 마이크로파 현미경 연구

김주영,김송희,유현준,양종일,유형근,유경선,김승완,이기진 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.5

근접장의 특성과 근접장 마이크로파 현미경의 배경이론을 설명하였고 유전체 공진기 제작에 앞서 HFSS (high frequency structure simulator)를 이용한 모의 시뮬레이션을 기술하였다. 이것을 바탕으로 원통형 유전체 공진기를 제작하여 금속탐침과 결합한 근접장 마이크로파 현미경(near field scanning microwave microscope : NSMM)을 구성하였다. 제작한 유전체 공진기의 특성은 HFSS를 이용하여 모의 실험한 결과와 비교하였다. Tip의 기하학적 모양에 따른 공간분해능과 감도(sensitivity)를 연구하였고 contrast가 가장 좋은 hybrid tip을 개발하였다. 전도도가 서로 다른 금속시료에 따른 NSMM의 반사계수의 변화를 측정하였고 실험결과와 이론적 시료의 임피던스를 비교하였다. 마지막으로 유전체 공진기를 이용한 NSMM으로 공간 분해능이 1μm의 Cr과 NiFe 패턴의 이미지를 비접촉, 비파괴방법으로 얻었다. We described a near-field scanning microwave microscope which uses a high-quality dielectric resonator with a tunable screw. The operating frequency is f = 4.5 5 GHz. The probe tip is mounted in a cylindrical resonant cavity coupled to a dielectric resonator. We developed a hybrid tip combining a reduced length of the tapered part with a small apex. In order to understand the function of the probe, we fabricated three different tips using a conventional chemical etching techique and observed three different NSMM images for patterened Cr films on glass substrates. We measured the reflection coefficient of different metal thin film samples with the same thickness of 300 nm and compared with theoretical impedance respectly. By tuning the tunable screw coming through the top cover, we could improve sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and spatial resolution to better than 1μm. To demonstrate the ability of local microwave characterization, the surface resistance of metallic thin films has been mapped.

[PB-0100] Functional Analysis of Heat-induced RING-type E3 Ligases in Sorghum: Expression Patterns, Subcellular Localizations and Interaction Partners

Yu Kyong Hu(Yu Kyong Hu),Hong-Ju Lee(Hong-Ju Lee),Jeong Ho Shin(Jeong Ho Shin),Sang Hun Kim(Sang Hun Kim),Min Seok Choi(Min Seok Choi),Hyeon Ung Seo(Hyeon Ung Seo),Cheol Seong Jang(Cheol Seong Jang),S 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-