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Measurement of download and play and streaming IPTV traffic
Young Won,Hong, J.,Mi-jung Choi,Chan-kyu Hwang,Jae-hyoung Yoo IEEE 2008 IEEE communications magazine Vol.46 No.10
<P>Telecommunication service providers are eager for the benefits of IPTV services to penetrate into the lives of their broadband subscribers. A few multimedia delivery methods, such as multicast and P2P-style data bartering, are investigated in an attempt to reduce the network traffic at the backbone while preventing quality of experience degradation. While delivering fiber to households is still in its infancy in most parts of the world, the download and play delivery scheme has been deployed as an interim solution for video-on-demand service until fullscale multicast IPTV deployment in order to handle heterogeneous residential access networks. QoS-controlled streaming IPTV (e.g., multicast) is only available to customers with high-bandwidth broadband access. The research community has been heavily focused on how to reduce network load at the backbone and has overlooked the importance of traffic impact at the customer premises, which is very closely related to the quality of experience. This article provides a traffic impact analysis and a discussion of network-centric quality from the perspective of customers using real-world commercial traces in various user scenarios. We also present an overview of IPTV delivery schemes and user behavior models from previous measurement work. Finally, we illustrate a bandwidth demand estimation method for D&P scenarios.</P>
박영원 ( Park¸ Young-won ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2021 인문학연구 Vol.60 No.2
John Milton’s biblical hermeneutics in his divorce tracks is a product of his strong belief in and commitment to personal and individual freedom. At the same time, it is an attempt to find the true meaning of God’s will revealed in Scripture with regard to marriage, the first institution created by God for the good of mankind. This study tries to see Milton’s views on divorce from his hermeneutic perspective, interpreting his stance not as liberal, but as rather conservative enough to make his opponents, so-called traditionalists, pale before his argument. In The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, Milton accuses the Church of England of its strict adherence to canon law in which the biblical verses on divorce are construed so literally that it renders divorce almost impossible in England. Milton attacks the Church for its complete ignorance of incompatibility between husband and wife―the single most important factor for the fulfillment of God’s purpose in the joining of man and woman in matrimony. This study finds Milton’s claim to be prophetic, as well as modern, in terms of its foresight that has paved the way for a paradigm shift in biblical hermeneutics of marriage and divorce.
아우구스티누스 『고백록』 10권과 11권에 나타난 기억, 시간과 영원, 그리고 그 기독교 인간론적 함축
김영원 ( Kim¸ Young Won ) 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2020 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.39
The purpose of this paper is to identify the implications of Augustine's Confessions books 10 and 11 for Christian anthropology through the analysis of Augustine’s theory of memory and time within each of the books. To this end, after analyzing the concept of love(amor) revealed in the entire book of Confessions, the idea of memory(memoria) is analyzed as the place where the journey of a yearning soul toward God takes place. In the analysis of Book 11, after analyzing time(tempus), which is the structure in which memory expands, the dynamics and limitations of human existence are described through the dialectic of time and eternity. The truth of a human being revealed through these analyses is the destiny of a soul always yearning for God, its ultimate source and purpose, within the realm of memory and time, never reaching God without the help of Jesus(verax mediator).
Youngwon, Nam,Kim, Ji-Eun,Lim, Hae Sook,Han, Kyou-Sup,Kim, Hyun Kyung Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 BioMed research international Vol.2013 No.-
<P><I>Background</I>. Liver disease is accompanied by profound hemostatic disturbances. We investigated the influences of pro- and anticoagulation factors on global coagulation tests including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin generation assay (TGA) in cirrhosis. We also investigated whether cirrhotic patients exhibit hypo- or hypercoagulability using the TGA. <I>Methods</I>. The TGA was performed on a calibrated automated thrombogram, given lag time, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and peak thrombin in 156 cirrhotic patients and 73 controls. <I>Results</I>. PT was determined according to the factor (F) II, FV, FVII, FIX, and protein C levels. We observed that aPTT was dependent on FII, FIX, and FX levels. The ETP was dependent on FII, antithrombin, and protein C with 5 pM tissue factor (TF) stimulation, and FIX and protein C at 1 pM TF. The ETP ratio with 1 pM TF increased significantly in cirrhosis, indicating hypercoagulability, whereas that with 5 pM TF did not increase in cirrhosis. <I>Conclusion</I>. PT and the TGA are sensitive to protein C levels. Even with prolonged PT, the TGA can detect hypercoagulability in cirrhosis. Further studies should evaluate global coagulation status in cirrhosis patients using the newly devised TGA system.</P>