Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

논문(論文) : 춘추시대(春秋時代) 축성(築城) 작업에 나타난 민(民)의 개체성 연구

천영미 ( Young Mi Chun ) 한국한문고전학회(구.성신한문학회) 2008 漢文古典硏究 Vol.17 No.1

고대 중국에서 民은 有德者의 통치로 보호받아야 될 수동적인 존재로서 여겨져 왔다. 그러나 『좌전』이나 『논어』에는 民의 또 다른 면모가 보인다. 民은 통치자의 교화를 기다리는 수동적인 존재가 아니라, 자신의 욕구를 충족시켜 줄 군주를 찾아 나서기도 하고, 불합리한 정책에 적극적으로 대응하기도 하며, 통치자의 다스림을 공고하게 할 수 있는 결정적인 요소인 `신뢰`를 제공하는 존재로서 나타나 있다. 그러므로 본고에서는 수동적 존재로서만 부각되어 왔던 民이 개체적 존재로서 결단을 내리기도 하고, 부당한 정책에 대해서는 적극적으로 대응하는 면모를 밝히고자 하였다. 民의 개체성 양상은 욕구 충족적인 특징을 지녔다. 民은 기본적인 욕구를 충족시켜줄 군주를 찾아 `떠남`으로써 개체성을 표출하였다. 民의 개체성은 春秋時代까지 이어져서 사회전반의 현상에서 불합리한 정책에 직면하였을 때, 民은 일탈하는 행동을 통해 개체성을 표출하게 되었다. 춘추시대는 각 제후국들 간의 전쟁으로 인하여 축성작업이 자주 진행되었고, 民으로부터의 부역을 부과하는 일이 비일비재하였다. 지배층의 과도한 축성작업은 民의 일탈현상을 초래하였다. 民은 과도한 축성작업을 견디지 못하고 도주하기도 하였고, 과도한 부역으로 지친 民은 축성작업을 중단시키기도 하였다. 또한 民은 고된 부역에 자신들을 징발하는 위정자를 풍자하는 노래를 지어 부르기도 하였고, 축성작업 중에 民을 부당하게 대우한 감독관을 죽이기도 하였다. 이로써 보면 축성작업에 동원된 民은 위정자의 부당한 처사에 대해 적극적으로 대응함으로써 개체성을 표출하였음을 알 수 있다. 본고는 西周時代에 태동한 욕구충족적인 民의 개체성이 春秋時代로 이어지면서 부당한 정책에 대응하는 적극적인 양상으로 발전하고, 이러한 民의 개체성 표출은 戰國時代에 이르러 여러 사상가들이 `民`을 국가의 근본으로 인식할 수 있는 계기를 마련해 준 것으로 보고, 그 과정을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. The people in the Ancient China were considered as passive beings to be protected by the rule of a virtuous man. However, we can see another aspect of the people in "Joajun" and "The Analects of Confucius". The people were not passive any more in here. They tried to look for a monarch who could satisfy their desires and rise to unreasonable policies actively rather than wait for edification of the ruler. They were the people providing `confidence` which must be the decisive factor of solid rule of the ruler. Therefore, in this study I tried to clarify another phase of the people who came to a definite decision as individuals and rose to unjust policies actively rather than were passive beings. The aspect of `the individuality` had a characteristic of satisfying their desires. The people expressed the individuality by `leaving` to look for a monarch who could satisfy their basic desires. `The individuality` of the people continued until Chun-chu era and they expressed the individuality through deviation movements when they faced unjust policies throughout the society. In Chun-chu era there were lots of work of building castles due to wars between feudal lords, and therefore the people were forced to work hard very often. Too much work of building castles caused the people to depart from their works. Some people fled from excessive work and others who were bone tired of overwork made the work stopped. Furthermore, the people made songs to satirize statesmen who put in requisition for excessive work and they sometimes killed supervisors who treated them unjustly during the work. Through this fact we can see that the people who were forced to work expressed the individuality by coping with the raw deal of the statesmen actively. Therefore, the individuality of the people satisfying their desires in Suh-Ju era was revealed in Chun-chu era in a way that they were against the unreasonable policies. And the expression of the individuality by the people made many philosophers recognize that `the people` are the foundation of a nation in the age of civil wars.

외상성 뇌경막외 및 뇌경막하 혈종에서 혈종제거술 후 발생한 원발 병소 반대측 혈종에 대한 임상적 고찰

전은오,이상구,전영일,유찬종,김영보,박철완 최신의학사 2003 最新醫學 Vol.46 No.9-10

영골(靈骨).강압혈(降壓穴) 자극(刺鍼)이 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影向)

임영남,심성용,한지완,고호연,박종형,한양희,전찬용,김동우,Yim, Young-Nam,Sim, Sung-Yong,Han, Ji-Wan,Ko, Ho-Yeon,Park, Chong-Hyeong,Han, Yang-Hee,Chun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Dong-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).

청소년층에서 형성되는 요추 후방골각의 발생기전

김영수,오성훈,박형천,정태섭 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.5

The bony spur formation without degenerative change in the lumbar spines in the young age group is quite interesting and is not uncommon. This bony spur is different from the degenerative spur in the old age group in shape and mechanism of formation. The authors analyzed 25 patients below 29 years old with such posterior lumbar bony spur. We concluded that posterioly lacated Schmorl's node is main cause of the bony pour in young age group at lumbar region.

KAPF 硏究 : Bringing An Mak's "The Brief History of the Korean (Chosun) Proletarian Artistic Movement" on Focus 一安 漢의 『朝鮮プロタリア 藝術運動略史』를 中心으로

全榮慶 同德女子大學校 1992 同大論叢 Vol.22 No.1

Korean proletarian literature began in the inauguration of the "Korean(Shogun ) Proletarian Artistic Federation"(the set phrase of Esperanto : Korea Proleta Artistic Federatio,=abbreviation : KAPF) in August 1925. It had been since around 1923 in form of New Trend School but the trend of literature urns not the real proletarian literature. In other words, New Trend School appeared scolding sentimentalism, selfscorn and spiritlessness the bourgeois literautre - naturalistic, realistic, and romantistic literautre - had in common. It was New Trend School that was a remarkable trend of the Korean modern literature. In a sense, it was also the prepation for the proletarian literautre and the literature in a transition period. Kim, Ki-Jin and Park, Young-hee who led New Trend School had a gap In achieving the purposive consciousness they thought by means of the only New Trend School Movement. Above all it could be said that !hey inaugurated KAPF to fill a gap. In some, sense, Proletarian was the extension arid the succession of Mew Trend School but they conspicuously differed in it's contents. While New Trend School was the hazy literature about "poverty" and "resistance", proletarian literature obviously insisted the property of class and it's contents showed the political consciousness. The other characteristic of the proletarian literature was its organic property. The KAPF was not the literary organization for promoting fraternity but the organization which had political characteristic. They fulfilled political movement in the field of literature and art through the organization. Therefore enlightening the public by organizing and accomplishing the literature, they attracted them into the organization. After all the essence of the proletarian literature could be said to be the apolitical literature whose end justified the means. In other words, the end was not placed on literature itself but on achieving political purpose by means of the literature. Besides, in estimation literary works, the significance was sought not from the literary point of view but from the political point of view. They commonly said that not foam but contents were important in literature. It itself was the proletarian literature. On account of such a purposive consciousness, the proletarian literature suffered and many writers were imprisoned lateron. Many writers withdrew from the KAPF and were converted dishonorably in contrast with their own opinions. At last Park, Young - hee said "Ideology was acquired but art was lost." and left the KAPF declaring herself for conversion. Finally, KAPF was disjointed owing to the suppression of Japan on May 1935.

體育에 對한 情緖的 이미지에 關한 硏究 : 남여 고교생 중심

이천영,정관우 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1987 體育學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to make clear the emotional image of male and female high school students to physical education and image differences between male and female. To develope a sound mind and body of juveniles, it is needed to understand the emotional image, such as feeling or impression to physical education that students usually have. The results of the analysis of questionaires from 475 male and female high school students were as follows: 1) The emotional image of male and female high school students was appeared to be high at questions that represent 'young', 'strong', 'bright', and low at questions as 'easy', 'new', and 'beautiful'. 2) The emotional image of female high school students was found to be high at questions that express 'bright', 'useful' and 'young', and low at questions as 'easy', 'new' and 'beautiful'. 3) The difference of emotional image to physical education between male and female was significant at questions that represent 'satisfying', 'beautiful', 'useful', 'strong', 'refreshing' and 'splendid'. 4) Both of male and female showed very indifferent responses to the question that express 'new'.

Shelf Life Determination of Precooked Frozen Meat Dumplings

Lee, Young-Chun,Yang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Dong-Ho 한국산업식품공학회 2002 산업 식품공학 Vol.6 No.3

Quality of frozen foods is significantly affected by the storage temperature and tie, and the consumers' demand for safe quality frozen foods is increasing. The objective of this research was to estimate the shelf life of frozen cooked meat dumplings, based on the changes in the selected physico-chemical and sensory quality attributes. Precooked frozen meat dumplings sampled from the same lot produced at a frozen food company in Seoul were stored at -10, -15, and -20℃. The meat dumplings sampled at 3- to 4-week intervals were subjected to the determination of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide value (POV), surface color and shear value after thawing at 5℃ for 15 h. High quality life (HQL) was determined through the triangle test and practical quality life (PQL) through the scoring test. VBN, TBA and POV increased as the storage period was increased. HQL of the frozen meat dumplings were 189 and 252 days at -10 and -15℃, respectively. The estimated PQL were 349, 475, and 491 days at -10, -15, and -20 ℃, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant relationships between sensory scores and VBN and POV of the stored meat dumplings. VBN was selected as the most reliable objective quality index for the shelf life determination (PQL) of the precooked frozen meat dumplings.

유약 흰쥐에서 장 허혈이 장 조직에 미치는 영향 및 Interleukin-10의 효과

박영실,김동철,전정식 대한소아과학회 2004 小兒科 Vol.47 No.3

工業敎育大學의 實驗實習施設 共同活用 및 運營에 關한 硏究

尹錫天,牟相榮,權五憲,千炳善,周赫鍾,李永臣,金健中,羅聲雄,洪錫雨,吳德成,盧泰天 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1983 論文集 Vol.6 No.2(A)

The College of Engineering was specialized to have a sole function for supplying technical high school teachers in 1977 and referred to as the College of Industrial Education according to the Government's policy. The economic impact mainly due to the oil-crises caused a severe problem to this college, namely discrepancy of supply to demand scale. Accordingly the number of student enrollment was to be fluctuated from 479 in 1979 through 800 in 1979 and 900 in 1980 to 430 in 1981. And the engineering departments have been attached to this Engineering Education College since 1981. These circumstanses met singnificant inefficiency in facility operation. This program aims at providing an overall relocation of the college facilities and preparing the practical system to make the joint-operation possible taking into account circulation, academic stream, budget, maintenance, etc. However this study could not get optimal spacing but some trade-off, considering the current situation.