Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease; subgroup analysis for causes, risk factors for mortality rate, and steroid responsiveness

( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Hye Jin Jang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has known as a poor prognosis disease, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Corticosteroid is widely used for treatment of acute exacerbation (AE)-ILD. This study aims to clarify efficacy of corticosteroid use, and compare the mortality rate depending on the subgroups of ILD. Materials and Methods: We collected the data from the patients who have diagnosed ILD and visited emergency room (ER) with the respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. We classified AE-ILD patients into 3 groups depending on methylprednisolone dose per kilogram. Also, we compared the mortality of IPF patients to that of non-IPF patients. Results: A total case of AE-ILD visited ER from 2016 to 2018 was 209 cases, including IPF cases (n=122) and non-IPF cases (n=87). We divided total patients (n=209) into three groups depending on steroid use, and these include group 1 of 0-0.49 mg/kg (n=78), group 2 of 0.5-0.99 mg/kg (n=58), and above 1.0 mg/kg (n=41), each. We found poor prognosis from the cases of IPF compared to non-IPF cases (p=0.029, OR 2.463). Furthermore, there was significant differences of mortality rate according to steroid dose (p=0.036, OR 1.712), CRP elevation (p=0.016, OR 1.004), and intubated case (p=0.000, OR 8.152). Also, we categorized IPF (n=122) to non-IPF cases (n=87) and analyzed the mortality rate. Most of the patients were death from ILD itself (n=23, 63.9%), Pneumonia(n=8, 22.2%), and Lung cancer (n=5, 13.9%). Bacterial infection (n=26) was dominant cause of AE, followed by fungal infection (n=15), and viral infection (n=10). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of corticosteroid treatment shows more fatal outcome when we use high dose steroid in AE-ILD cases, and there was significant difference in mortality rate depending on the subgroup of ILD and medical background, such as intubation status, higher CRP level, and IPF cases.

S-528 : The Clinical Characteristics of Angioedema with Eosinophilia

( Hyo Jung Cho ),( Hye Soo Yoo ),( Mi Ae Kim ),( Yoo Seob Shin ),( Young Min Ye ),( Dong Ho Nahm ),( Joo Hee Kim ),( Jeong Hee Choi ),( Sun Young Park ),( Hae Sim Park ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Angioedema with eosinophilia (AE) is a very rare allergy disease, case reports of which have been published sporadically since 1984. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 10 AE patients in Korea. Nine of the 10 subjects were young females, ranging from 23 to 38 years old. Twenty percent of the subjects had episodic-type AE with high serum IgM and eosinophil counts, while 80% were non-episodic type with normal serum IgM levels but high eosinophil counts. All patients had used systemic corticosteroids to control AE. One patient with refractory EAE was treated with anti-IgE antibody. This is the first study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of AE in a Korean population.

급성 췌장염의 합병이 추정되는 한국형 출혈열 1예

박영수,김창오,김영근,홍성관,장경희,허애정,염준섭,송영구,김준명 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

The Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) is an acute febrile disease with characteristic of fever, bleeding tendency, and renal failure. There are many complications of Korean hemorrhagic fever such as infection, anemia, internal bleeding, hypopituitarism, respiratory, and neurologic complication. A few cases were reported on acute pancreatitis with hemorrhagic fever abroad, but there was no case about Korean hemorrhagic fever with acute pancreatitis in this country. We experienced a case of Korean hemorrhagic fever associated with suspected acute pancreatits. With review of articles, we report a case of 51 year-old woman with KHF, where acute pancreatitis developed during management, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:376∼379, 2001)

현대시에 나타난 불교의식 연구 : 한용운·서정주·조지훈 시를 중심으로

배영애 숙명여자대학교 1999 숙명語文論集 Vol.- No.2

This thesis aims to review modern poetry considering a poetic feature of Han Young-con, Suh Jung-joo, and Cho Ji-hoon in the epistemological aspect of Buddhist consciousness. The Buddhist consciousness means general aspects of individual response on Buddhism such as Buddhist ideas and experiences appeared in three poets' poems. In this thesis, an intention to study three poets' works begins with an assumption which Buddhist consciousness affects their poetry directly or indirectly, because they are deeply connected with Buddhism. As all poems ought to be made from a poet's own ideas, inner orders and experiences, an immanent consciousness in poetry reflects the poet's world view. Therefore this thesis analyzes three poets' works in the two aspects of a discordant structure against reality and a concord one for ideal world. The second chapter in this thesis cites as follows: how the discordant situation against the reality is embodied by each poet who accepts the Buddhist consciousness in his poems, defining its characteristic as an affirmative response for the reality: how this expression is related with the Buddhist consciousness. The third chapter focuses how the ideal world sought by each poet is expressed in his poems, concentrating the Buddhist consciousness on a solution against the discord and a pursuit for the ideal world. First, Han Young-oon endures his anguish by denying a parting with "Nim" (lover) and giving more affirmative meanings over death. On the basis of this consciousness is karma' and an idea which oneself and others are not separate. The parting cited by Han does not mean gloomy feeling or grief, rather than it is made to be linked to process of fervent love and waiting, and it is possible that restraint means freedom. Leaving lover is replaced by re-rneeting, which gets together with all things and realized the ideal world. Therefore a poetic narrator keeps on pursuing self-realization in order to arrive at the ideal world and to unite into one. These aspects, in Han's works, appear as poetic literature of Buddhist emancipation, not as that of traditional "Han" (恨 : hatred and grief). So the process of meeting with "Nim" is that of self-realization, and come to change into various figures. So it is represented that "Nim" gets over-layered meanings such as a symbol of hope and a way of individual existence. In such a process of embodiment is transcendence of Buddhist consciousness applied. As the Buddhist transcendence is characterized by making sense with "indirection", such as 'negative of negative' or an oxymoron. Han shows the affirmative idea for the world and the transcendence for comprehensive attitude through the oxymoron(which is mainly used). Then in Suh Jung-joo's poetry. the physical and sensual desire and the discord are transfigured in Suh Jung-joo's poetry, the Buddhist consciousness is accepted. Such a poetic acceptance is a real alternative to work out the real discord and desire. As a poetic narrator transfigures the world of 'flower', where was the object of desire, into Seo-Youk, or Jung-To(the Buddhist Elysium), he moves up to the place of transmigration from the early burning life-recognition. To be short, Suh's Buddhist consciousness is concentrated on "eternalism" of the Shilla Dynasty. There is Buddhist consciousnes in his poems as a confrontation between physical sense and spirit, death and life keep on being focused on his poetic world, and human's life comes to be the center of the poetic change and extension. Therefore human's death means not an abandonment or a despair, but a change up to the holy place, and it is possible for the departed to appear as main characters of the poetic world. In the result, the world of death reconstructed in Suh's poems means the eternal transmigratory life in Buddhism, and a semantic integration is accomplished as a sign implied by a poet in a poem. Accordingly, as human's birth and death turn into qualities of myth composing a' set of Buddhist consciousness, they are embodied as implied meanings, that is, universal cycle of time, and life and death. For Suh, the Buddhist consciousness as a storage representing the world experienced by him is motivated into a meaning of the real discord and integration, and it forms a inner meaning, The Buddhist consciousness on the bottom of changing poetic world makes Suh overcome his instinctive desire and discord, and gives spirit tranquillity to realize the ideal which is searching hometown and life-archetype. According to this fact, forSuh, the poetic acceptance of Buddhist consciousness means one of ways inquiring profoundly for his own existence. Expressed into Heaven like Seo- Youk, or Jung- To, the Buddhist consciousness shows a range of transmigratory lifes in Suh's poems. This means the trial to search his own self, life-archetype, and the desire to imitate universal order. He tries to explain the principle of the universal order, that is, cycle of nature and that of human's life and death in the same structural dimension. So his poetry is characterized by correspondence and repeat, and an aspect of transition toward the opposite world appears. Such a characteristic of poetic expression gets an order changing into a ring of Buddhist transmigration. Last, Cho Ji-hoon, also, embodies a discord of those days and negative consciousness which an intellectual could have under the rule of Japanese imperialism through the process of "appearing and disappearing", and responds to the reality. Although all these aspects do not begin from the Buddhist consciousness, it is Buddhist. at least, for poetic narrator to overcome the discord and to embody this. Cho's poetic expression does not aim for only nature, but an union between the nature and the self arrives at a stage of the "meditation"(禪) through the aspect of Buddhist emancipation, not through an usual aim for nature. The nature in Cho's poems is the object to symbolize simplicity rather than the nature of Do-Ka(道家) to be free and easy, and is the object of the secondary spirit world, too. Therefore his poetic world is more 'complicated aspect, the stage of the "meditation" rather than a structural ornament. This "meditation" means the phase which the border of everything disappears, and it is represented simply and shortly into the ideal world where is no pain, and no thought or no idea. The world represented with this way, however, overcomes the actual limit with 'minus-device' which has a simple structure but can respond to each different reality, and keeps a lot of implied meanings. First of all, Cho's Buddhist consciousness, however, stems out of an affirmative recognition. The principle of poetic structure pursued by Cho is the world of the "meditation", where a leap and an imagination are enabled. For Cho, this "meditation" is the process of the indirection and the center of the poetic structure. He realizes the "meditation" in his poems through the nature, but he does not just duplicate the nature, but arrives at the stage of "the meditation" showing a Buddhist emancipatory process. Accordingly, it is explained that his poetry is not understood as only the nature of Do-Ka, rather it is affected from the Buddhist consciousness accepting reality and being affirmative about it. Now the Buddhist consciousness, for three poets, has influence, directly or indirectly, upon representing the poetic theme and the poetic form as a catalyst and a mechanism of expression laid on a basis of verse. It is a mechanism which responds to an era, and plays a role as a prospect and a vision for the future, too. Han converts a parting into a meeting, Suh gives life to physics and sensuality, and Cho converts loneliness and anguish into tranquillity and stability. It is clear that three poets uses the Buddhist consciousness as the catalyst in order to sublime the risk and the discord of those days and to aim for a new ideal world. Therefore the Buddhist consciousness represented by these poets is not accepted as a technique for a time, but· appears as depth of poetic immanence, an awe for life, a generous attitude and an affirmative recognition about the life. To be short, Han's poetry can be summarized to. "united poetry", Suh's to "transmigratory poetry", and Cho's to "Buddhist emancipatory poetry". Although this Buddhist consciousness is different from the time and the way of poetic acceptance, it is embodied as a way overcoming tragic reality, an alternative principle and a way searching self-realization and life-archetype.

잘 알려진 창의적 과학자들의 과학적 문제 발견 패턴 분석

김영민 ( Young Min Kim ),서혜애 ( Hae Ae Seo ),박종석 ( Jong Seok Park ) 한국과학교육학회 2013 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.33 No.7

우리나라 과학교육에서는 과학 창의성의 계발을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 과학 창의성으로서 과학자들의 문제 발견에서 나타나는 패턴을 탐색하는데 목적을 두었다. 사례별 당시의 과학사적 상황, 문제발견의 과정 및 문제 해결에 대한 내용을 구체적으로 논의하였다. 연구 결과, 과학자 10명이 과학사적 사건을 발견할 때 특징적으로 나타내는 문제 발견의 패턴은 다음과 같은 5가지 패턴으로 발견되었다. 패턴 1의경우는 당시의 이론이나 설명이 불충분하거나 모순 또는 오류를 발견함에 의해 과학적 문제를 발견하는 것으로, 여기에는 라부아지에, 멘델, 왓슨의 문제 발견이 포함되었다. 패턴 2의 경우는 당대의 지식으로는 설명되지 않는 이상한 현상을 관찰함에 의해 문제를 발견하는 것으로, 여기에는 러더퍼드와 뢴트겐의 문제 발견이 포함되었다. 패턴 3의 경우는 비유 추론에 의해 문제를 발견하는 것으로, 카르노와 영의 문제 발견이 포함되었다. 패턴 4의 경우는 새롭게 발명된 관찰 또는 측정 기구를 사용하여 새로운 현상을 관찰함으로써 문제를 발견하는 것으로, 갈릴레이의 문제 발견이 포함되었다. 패턴 5의 경우는 연구 프로젝트 수행 중에 그 연구와 관련된 새로운 문제를 발견하는 것으로, 패러데이와 케플러의 문제 발견이 포함되었다. Nurturing students`` scientific creativity is considered an important element in science education in Korea. The study aims to explore patterns displayed by well-known scientists in their quest for problem finding. Each case of scientists`` course of problem solving is described in terms of historical background, a process of problem finding, and a process of problem solving. There are five patterns from ten scientists which are as follows: Pattern 1 is that scientists find problems from insufficiencies and/or errors from explanation of theories at the time and the related cases are A. Lavoisier, G. Mendel, and J. Watson. Pattern 2 shows that scientists find a problem because of strange phenomena unexplained by theories at the time, and here important case studies are E. Rutherford and W. Rontgen. Pattern 3 demonstrates that scientists find a problem from analogical reasoning between known theories and unknown science phenomena. The cases include S. Carnot and T. Young. Pattern 4 points to the fact that scientists find a problem while they utilize a newly invented experimental instrument. Here, G. Galilei is an important example. Pattern 5 establishes that scientists happen to find a problem while they conduct research projects. The works of M.Faraday and J. Kepler are prominent case studies related to this pattern.

개성 공민왕릉 석인상 연구

임영애(Young Ae Yim) 한국불교미술사학회 2001 강좌미술사 Vol.17 No.-

The sculptures of scholarly and military officials(文武人像) in the royal tomb of Gongminwang(恭愍王) reveal some new aspects in style. First, the stone sculptures of military officials wearing armor newly appears, which is different from the old style that only has a scepter. Second, scholary officials are divided into two categories ; one couple of these look like young officials and the other couple look like old ones. This division is also applied to military officials. Third, one couple of military officials put their hands together(拱手) with the sword on their clothes, on the other hand, the other ones set their hands on the sword which has been pulled out and placed in the front. Like these, every efforts has been made to give them various aspects, otherwise stone sculptures in their own sense would seem very simple. Besides, they have other outstanding characteristics ; accurate description of body and clothes, fine carving techniques and so on. Especially they look so lively that they must be based on real ones. We can say that there are no abbreviation and no exaggeration, and these should be counted as the best sculptures at that period. These characteristics which had been established in the latter period of Koryo were succeeded to the early Chosun period, and set the base of the Chosun stone sculptures of scholarly and military officials. We can find these aspects in the Kunwon-leong(健元陵), the royal tomb of Taejo(太祖), and Heon-leong(憲陵), the royal tomb of Taejong(太宗). However, after the period of Sejong(世宗), big changes had been made, so old Young-leong(舊 英陵) took a new shape. The main reason of these changes would come from the fact that Kim Sa-haeng(金師辛) supervising the royal tomb of Gongminwang, and Park Ja-chong(朴子淸) influenced by Kim Sa-haeng were all retired from the front. Afterwards, the Chosun stone sculptures of scholary and military officials took old Young-leong(舊 英陵)`s influence and made its own style.

전문대학 간호과 통합교과과정 개발에 관한 연구

김영희,김정수,김정애,방숙명,배경진,이애경,장은정,정안순,주미경,최나영 경복대학 1998 京福論叢 Vol.2 No.-

교과과정의 조직은 체계적이고 뜻이 있는 순서로 학생들을 가르치기 위해 지식을 어떻게 조직화할 것인지와, 과목들 사이에서 공통된 내용은 통합시켜 중첩되는 일이 없도록 조정할 필요가 있다. 이에 현재 본 대학 간호과에서 운영되었던 97학년도의 17개 전공과목들의 교과과정의 내용을 비교, 분석하여 중복을 줄이며 순차적 지식의 습득을 도모하는 새로운 통합교과과정의 틀을 개발, 제시함으로써 보다 나은 전문직 간호교육이 이루어지도록 하고자 하였다. Most curricula are considered how to teach the student in systematic and meaningful orders. And it is necessary to coordinate the duplicate contents in major subjects in nursing. So this study was designed to set up a new comprehensive curriculum through comparing and ananlyzing each seventeen major subjects in Nursing Department of Kyung-Bok College. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the new comprehensive curricula for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in diploma degree course of nursing education.

통일신라 영지석불좌상 연구

임영애(Young Ae Yim) 한국불교미술사학회 1996 강좌미술사 Vol.8 No.-

N/A

조기발병형 파킨슨병환자와 정상인의 호흡 및 발성 특성 비교

전은애(Eun Ae Chun),손영호(Young Ho Shon),백승재(Seung Jae Baek),이필휴(Phil Hyu Lee),남정모(Chung Mo Nam),이지은(Ji Eun Lee),최예린(Yaelin Choi) 한국언어청각임상학회 2010 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.15 No.4

배경 및 목적: 파킨슨병은 호흡과 발성에 영향을 준다. 49세 이전에 발병하는 조기발병형 파킨슨병(young-onset parkinson’s disease: YOPD, 이하 YOPD)도 호흡과 발성에 문제가 있는지 보기 위해 정상군과 비교하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 파킨슨병 환자의 음성에 관한 연구는 있었지만 YOPD 환자의 음성특성에 대한 호흡과 발성 기능에 대해서 연구된 선행연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 방법: YOPD 환자군 6명과 빈도대응 시킨 정상군 6명을 대상으로 호흡기능 평가를 위하여 MicroQuarkⓇ를 이용하여 노력성 폐활량(forced vital capacity: FVC, 이하 FVC), 1초간 노력성 호기량(forced expiratory volume at one second: FEV1, 이하 FEV1)과 1초간 노력성 호기량의 노력성 폐활량에 대한 비(이하 FEV1/FVC)를, 음향학적인 평가를 위하여 Multi-Dimentional Voice Program(이하 MDVP)를 이용하여 주기간 주파수 변동률 (이하 jitter)과 주기간 진폭 변동률(이하 shimmer)을, 공기역학적인 평가를 위하여 Phonatory Aerodynamic System(이하 PAS)를 이용하여 평균호기류율(mean airflow rate: MFR, 이하 MFR)과 성문하압(subglottal pressure: Psub, 이하 Psub)을, MDVP를 이용하여 최대발성지속시간(maximum phonation time: MPT, 이하 MPT)을 측정하고 분석하였다. 이비인후과 전문의사가 후두 스트로보스코피(stroboscopy)를 통해 후두의 병리 유무를 평가하였다. 두 집단의 호흡기능, 발성기능의 차이는 맨-휘트니 U검정(Mann-Whitney U-test)을 실시했다. 결과: MPT는 YOPD 환자군에 비하여 정상군이 통계적으로 유의하게 길었고, jitter와 shimmer는 정상군에 비하여 YOPD 환자군이 통계적으로 유의하게 컸다. 그러나 두 군간의 FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MFR, Psub은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 논의 및 결론: 두 집단 간의 호흡기능에서 차이가 없고 YOPD의 MPT, jitter, shimmer가 정상범주를 벗어나 차이가 있다. 이들 변수들이 YOPD의 음성적 진단, 치료계획과 예후를 판단하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 ‘연령’이라는 혼란변수를 배제하고 파킨슨병의 음성 특성을 규명 하는데 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. Background & Objectives: Parkinson’s disease affects respiration as well as phonation. Young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) can occur even before the age of 49 years. The present study selected YOPD patients in such a manner as to exclude the confounding variable of ‘age’ and thus examine the vocal characteristics of Parkinson’s disease solely. We aimed to compare the respiration function and phonation characteristics of these YOPD patients with a normal group. Methods: The present study’s subjects included a YOPD group comprised of 6 patients whose chronological ages were between 38 and 49 years and onset ages were prior to 49 years, and a normal group comprised of 6 subjects selected by frequency-matching. For testing respiration function, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were measured using Cosmed’s MicroQuarkⓇ as a basic test for the ventilation function of the lung. For vocal sampling, the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and the Advanced Model 5105 of KayPENTAX’s Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) Model 4400 were used to analyze maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, and shimmer. Additionally, KayPENTAX’s Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS) 4500 was utilized to analyze mean air flow rate (MFR) and subglottal pressure (Psub). Otolaryngologists and neurologists participated in the research cooperatively, and the otolaryngologists assessed the presence of laryngeal disease directly through larynx stroboscopy in the all subject. Mann-Whitney’s U test was used to analyze the difference between the 2 groups’ respiration and phonation function. Results: The MPT was longer in the normal group than YOPD patient group, and both jitter and shimmer were larger in the YOPD patient group than the normal group; both of these differences were statistically significant. However, there was no statistically significant difference in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MFR, and Psub. Discussion & Conclusion: The 2 groups’ respiration function did not differ, and YOPD patients’ MPT, jitter, and shimmer differed beyond the normal range. Thus, these variables will help in YOPD patients’ phonation diagnosis and therapeutic plans or prognosis. Although there have been studies on the phonation of Parkinson’s disease patients, limited advanced research can be found on the respiration and phonation function of YOPD patients’ vocal characteristics. The results of this study are meaningful and provide a better understanding of Parkinson’s disease because the subjects were selected such that confounding by age was avoided.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b 에 대한 급성 후두염의 치료 경험 2 례

이수영(Soo Young Lee),유상호(Sang Ho Yoo),이기선(Ki Sun Lee),홍미애(Mi Ae Hong),김순남(Soon Nam Kim) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 1998 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Epiglottitis is an uncommon but potentially life threatening infectious disease in young children. And it is rapidly progressing cellulitis of the epiglottis and adjacent structures that has the potential for causing abrupt, complete airway obstruction. The most common cause of acute epiglottitis is Haemophilius influenzae type b (Hib), therefore in USA, the acute epiglottitis is seen less commonly since the wide spread use of immunization against Hib. In Korea, there has been no report of acute epiglottitis caused by known bacterial organism, and a little investigation of the effects of the immunization against Hib, or Hib related respiratory diseases. In this report, we describe two cases of acute epiglottitis caused by Hib, occurred in non-immunized young-male children admitted to Ajou University Hospital. They had visited to the emergency center of Ajou University hospital with the complaints of acute fever, drooling, dysphagia and severe respiratory difficulties. In both cases, we observed the cherry-red colored, severely swollen epiglottis by the direct laryngoscopic examination. Hib was cultured in blood samples from both two cases, and the patients treated successfully by the 3 days of endotracheal intubation and proper antibiotics therapy without any complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, or pericarditis.