성견 치은에서 90% Phenol을 이용한 멜라닌 색소의 제거에 관한 연구

정태술,김영준,이영규,정현주 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2001 구강과학 Vol.13 No.4

In this present study, the healing process and the recurrence of pigmentation were evaluated clinically and histologically in accordance with the extent and the range of pigmentation after phenol was applied to remove melanin pigmentation in gingiva. Six mongrel dogs were used. The melanin pigmentation in canine gingiva were classified into slight, moderate, and severe according to the extent of pigmentation and divided into local and diffuse types according to the range. Following general and local anesthesia, 90% phenol was applied to the pigmented gingiva of the subjects with small cotton balls until the surface was etched to be whitish and was neutralized with small cotton balls soaked by 95% alcohol. The contralateral pigmented gingiva to the one treated with phenol, was treated by surgical deepithelialization. At1, 3, and 8 weeks, the treated gingiva was examined clinically and evaluated histologically following H-E stain, and HMB 45 stain for melanocyte after biopsy. In the phenol treated sites, epithelium and connective tissue healed normally and there was no pigmentation at 1 week. At 3 weeks of healing, melanin repigmentation was observed in the severe local type and moderate to severe diffuse type. In the surgically deepithelialized sites, healing was delayed, compared to phenol treated sites and the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and congestion in connective tissue was shown at 1 week. At 3 weeks, healing was completed and there was a partial melanin repigmentation. At 8 weeks of healing, the extent and the range of repigmentation were increased in both group according to the extent or range priot to depigmentation procedure. These results suggest that the removal of melanin pigmentation with 90% phenol application result in normal healing process of gingiva. However, in the severe local type and moderate to severe diffuse type, sites treated with phenol showed repigmentation at 3 week, which was earlier than surgical deepithelialized sites. Therefore it is required to select appropriate method according to initial condition of pigmentation.

Keats시의 비극 비향성 : 5편의 Ode를 중심으로

이영숙 울산대학교 1984 연구논문집 Vol.15 No.1

Keats의 편지는 Keats시의 주제와 형식적인 측면에서의 목표를 알려준다.: 주제적인 측면에서 Keats는 상상력을 이용하여 고통으로 가득찬 비극적인 우리 삶이 지니는 궁극걱친 의미를 파악코저 했다. : 형식적인 측면에서는 극화를 통해 주제가 간접적으로 제시되는 비개성적인 시, 드라마로서의 시를 지향했다. 그의 이 두 목표가 실현될 때 시는 비극의 특서을 지니게 된다 ; 비극이란 비극적인 세계상을 초극할 수 있는 초월적인 원리를 제시함으로써 삶을 긍정할 수 있는 힘을 제시하는 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 Keats는 궁극적으로 비극을 지향한 시인이라는 결론을 내릴수 있다. Keats Keats의 대표작인 5편의 Ode는 이 결론을 입증하고 있다. "Ode to Psyche"어서 Keats는 상상력이 궁극적인 진리를 포착할 능력이 있다는 인식론적인 측면에서의 상상력의 기능을 주장함으로써, 자신이 상상력의 힘으로 이 삶이 지니는 궁극적인 의미를 포착할 수 있으리라는 가능성을 시사한다. "Ode on Melancholy"는 Keats가 초극의 대상으로 삼은 유한한 삶의 비극성을 제시하며 "Ode to a Nightingale"과 "Ode on, a Grecian Urn"은 이 비극적인 세계상으로 휴메니스트인 Keats가 겪는 고뇌와 갈등을 부각시킨다. 비극적인 세계상과 이로 인한 Keats의 고뇌와 갈등이 강조되는 세 편의 시는 그의 이상인 극화된 시에 가까워지기 보다는 자신의 감정을 직접적으로 토로하는 진술의 시에 접근한다. 삶의 비극적인 실태는 파악했으나 이를 해결할 초월적인 원리를 발견해 내지 못한 상태에서 시의 제재가 되는 삶을 객관적으로 다룰 수는 없었기 때문이다. "To Autumn"에 이르러 Keats는 비극적인 세계상을 초극하며 삶에 새로운 의미를 부여할 수 있는 세계관을 제시한다 : 그가 제시하는 초월적인 원리는 삶의 모든 현상이 아름다움과 가치를 지닌다는 세계관으로, 이것은 죽음을 영원히 계속되는 우주의 삶과 죽음의 한 단계로 파악하여 죽음을 수용한 결과이다. 비극적인 삶의 고뇌를 극복할 수 있게 된 Keats 는 객관적인 거리를 두고 제재를 다루며, 극화를 통해 자신의 새로운 세계관을 제시한다 : 그의 이상인 비개성적인 시를 쓰게 된 것이다. 그 결과 주제와 형식상의 목표가 모두 실현된 "To Autumn"은 비극의 특성을 지니는 시가 되며, Keats의 시가 궁극적으로 비극을 지향하고 있음을 알려준다. Keats's letters show his thematic and artistic purposes: as an intense lover of "here and now." he decided to explore through the imagination into the ultimate reality of our tragic life to give it meaning; and unlike other Romantic poets, he, shunning self-expression, wished to write the most objective form of poetry, poetic drama. These goals lead up to the conclusion that his poetic goal turned towards tragedy; because tragedy is a force for life affirmation through suggesting the principle of moral or spiritual transcendence which can absorb the tragic vision. Keats's 5 great odes of 1819 attest to this conclusion. In "Ode to Psyche," Keats suggests a solution that his thematic goal of life affirmation can be achieved be the imagination through extolling the epistemological importance of the invagination that only it can grasp the ultimate reality. His understanding of ironic mutability of life which he tried to overcome is given clear expression in "Ode on Melancholy"; "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn" convey Keats's suffering from this tragic vision and emphasize it by showing his conflict between his love of the human and his desire to escape it. He was now in the state that he just understood the burden of mortality without any principle to redeem his agony. Which explains, why these three poems are away from his artistic goal, the theme stated explicitly with his strong uncontrolled voice: he couldn't deal with his subject, that is, life objectively unless he conquered his tragic vision. In "To Autumn", we finally find an achievement of his poetic goal. He overcome limitations of our earthly life by firmly accepting the mutability: seeing death as one process of eternal cycle of death and rebirth, he accepts life as it is with the conviction of "the principle of beauty in all things. " Because of this thematic achievement his artistic goal can be fulfilled : the theme inheres in the subject with the poet adding no explanation or definitions: his poem finally arrives at drama. With his poetic goal attained, "To Autumn" can be read as tragdy, through which we can be sure that Keat's poetic goal is to write tragedies.

그래프에 의한 도플러 공식의 유도

김영삼,권재술 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.3 No.1

도플러 공식을 유도하는데 있어 대부분의 교과서는 파동의 진행 과정을 직접 나타내지 못함으로써 고도의 상상력을 요구하고 있다. 그러한 과정 자체가 보여주는 이해의 난점 때문에 고등학교에서는 이에 대한 교육에 어려움을 느끼고 있다. 이러한 교육적 문제점들을 줄여 보기 위한 시도로 학생들이 이해하기 쉬운 위치-시간 그래프를 이용하였고, 기초적인 삼각법을 적용하여 도플러 공식을 좀 더 쉽고 간편하게 유도할 수 있는 방법을 알아 보았다. 이 방법은 운동을 그래프로 표현하는 능력만 있으면 이해가 가능하기 때문에 보다 더 구체적인 상황과 객관적인 과정을 통하여 도플러 공식을 유도할 수 있는 장점이 있다고 사료된다. In the derivation of doppler formula, most high school and Undergraduate level textbooks have been imployed qualitative procedures. Since the procedure heavily depends on students' imaginative power to figure out the transmission, propagation, and reception of sound waves, studens might have difficulty to derive the doppler formula. In this research, a graphical method of the doppler formula derivation was used in order to overcome the difficulty. Two axes, distance and time, coordinates were employed and the movement of the source or the receiver were graphed in the coordinates. The period of signal transmission and signasl reception were determined geometrically on the graph: In this paper, three different cases were analysed and derived doppler formula respectively; (1) when the source moves with stationary receiver, (2) when the receiver moves with stationary source, (33) when the source and receiver moves together. The researchers expect that the method introduced in this study would provide a new way of teaching doppler effect in high school as well as in undergraduate lavel.

응급 의료 센터내 사망 환자의 분석

유인술,김준식,진재우,이철주,민영기,조준필 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

We need the constitute of Emergency medical system that connect prehospital care of inhospital care effectively for optimal treatment of emergency patient. The analysis of actual condition of our emergency medical system, through study of mortality case in emergency medical center will be a aid to the constitute. The authors performed a review on the records of 60 cases who died in Ajou university Emergency medical center during management, since June 1994 to september 1995. Among the 60 patient, 72% were male and 28% were female. In nontrauma patient, 6th decade was many, in trauma patients, 3rd and 5th decade was many. Among the 60 patient, 33% were traumatic cases, 66% were nontraumatic cases. Among the traumatic patients, more than half of the cases were due to motor vehicle accidents. The most frequent time interval from onset of emergent situation to arreving at emergency center was more than 2 hours. The most common transfer method was by 119 ambulance. In most cases, prehospital treatments were not taken. In most cases, initial mental status was comatose, and systolic blood pressure was less than 60 mmHg. Most cardiovascular resuscitation was done in 30 min. to an hour. In cases as traffic accident of ischemic heart disease, where rapid transportation of the patient is critical for the patient's survival, however, in most cases it took more than two hours to bring such patients to hospital, and first aid treatment before arrival to hospital was rare. No prehospital treatment was done to nearly all patient. In many cases the patient was already in under coma or shock state. The inhospital care at emergency center was made relatively quickly and adequately. The mean duration of cardiopulmonary resustation was 30min to one hour. From this study, we could notice the poor quality of prehospital care in the region ,near Ajou university hospital, and we came to know that the improvement of quality of prehospital care was the most important factor to reduce the motality of emergency department patient. that is, in the treatment of emergency patients, weak points has been revealed in the pre-hospital treatment, the improvement of which is important factor for the survival of emergency patients.

노인 외상 환자의 중증도 분류 시 Triage-revised Trauma Score의 의의

양영모,하영록,정성필,김승환,유인술 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Backgrouds: The mortality of geriatric trauma patients is higher than that of other age groups. However, little research has been done the methods or criteria of triage for geriatric trauma patients. This study evaluated a clinical significance of the triage-revised trauma score(t-RTS) for triage of geriatric trauma patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data on 528 trauma patients over 65 years of age who were treated from Jan 1999 to Dec 2000. The t-RTS was calculated utilizing the RR(respiratory rate), SBP(systolic BP), and GCS scores and the ISS was abstracted from the final diagnosis. The obtained t-RTS and ISS were evaluated using the measures of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC curve. Results: The overall mortality rate was 9%, and there was no significant differences between the survival group and the mortality group according to age and sex. The mean scores of SBP, RR and GCS of the survival group were significantly higher than those of mortality group(p=0.001). The mean of t-RTS and RTS of the survival group were also significantly higher(p=0.001), but the ISS was significantly higher in the mortality group(p=0.001). The t-RTS, RTS, and ISS showed good prediction rates on the ROC curve(p=0.001), and the AUC value was higher in the ISS than in the t-RTS and the RTS. The sensitivity and the accuracy were high in the t-RTS and the RTS, and the specificity was high in the ISS. The t-RTS is less than 10 for a survival probability of 50% or less Conclusions: Implementation of the t-RTS in the triage of geriatric trauma patients in the field and in emergency room would be very useful. The probability of death in geriatric trauma patients is high when the t-RTS is less than 10.

시공간 그래프를 사용한 로렌츠 변환식의 유도

김영삼,권재술 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

시공간 그래프는 고전약학의 운동학에서부터 많이 활용되어 왔다. 그것은 수식이 갖는 의미표현의 제약을 넘어서 그 의미를 좀더 구체적으로 시각화 할 수 있는 그래프의 특성때문일 것이다. 특수 상대성 이론의 운동학을 기술하는데도 이 그래프를 도입하여 고적역학적 그래프와 비교하여 그 특성을 먼저 이해한다면 보다 쉽게 특수 상대론적 운동학을 이해할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 따라서 본 연구는 상대론적 시공간 좌표계의 특성을 보다 근본적으로 이해할 수 있는 과정을 소개함으로써 특수 상대론적 시공간 개념에 대한 구체적인 이해와 이를 이용한 로렌츠 변환식의 유도에 연구의 목적을 두었다. The graphical method has been used widely in solving problems on classical kinematics because it has the advantage of visualiztion. The same advantage is expected in solving relativistic kinematics problems which are also closely related to motion. In this study, Lorentz transformation formula was derived using a spacetime graph only. In the derivation, the method of representing events in the two different coordinates and invariance of spacetime interval were used. Pure geometrical method was applied without using any algebraic method. If the students who are familiar with graphical representation of motion will understand this method more easily than the algebraic method which appear in most textbooks.

동시성의 상대성을 이용한 길이수축과 시간 팽창 관계식의 유도

권재술,김영삼 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.8 No.1

특수상대론의 기본 개념은 시간팽창, 길이수축, 동시성의 상대성이라 할 수 있다. 이 기본개념들은 특수상대론의 두 원리로부터 나온다. 따라서 두 원리를 적용하는 각 단계를 분명히 밝히는 것이 개념을 이해하는데 도움이 된다. 또한 세 개념을 유도하기 위한 상황을 적절히 선택함으로써 하나의 상황속에서 세 개념을 모두 설명할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기차의 방전 현상 하나만을 사용하여 특수상대론의 두 원리가 적용되는 단계를 명시하면서, 동시성의 상대성, 길이수축, 시간팽창에 관한 식을 유도하였다. The relativity of simultaneity, length contraction, and time dilation are basic concepts in special relativity. These concepts have resulted from the two principles of special relativity. Therefore, cleary expressing the steps to which these two principles are applied would be a help in understanding these three concepts. Also, if we make a good choice, we can derive those concepts from only one illustration. This study derived the formulae for these concepts by using only lightning bolts hitting a train.

응급의학과 의사가 시행한 상복부 초음파의 정확성

하영록,김훈,유승,정성필,김승환,유인술 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine for upper abdominal pain, the accuracy of emergency abdominal ultrasonography (EAU) performed by emergency physicians with limited training. Methods: Two PGY-3 emergency physicians, who had received 2 hours of hands-on training, including the normal anatomy of a biliary system, liver, kindney, spleen, and pancreas, and who had studied the pathologic findings for another month were the subjects of this study. They used a Sonosite 180? to perform EAU on patients with upper abdominal pain within 2 months after training. We determined the agreement between the radiologist’s abdominal ultrasonography(RAU) and EAU by using Kappa statistics. Results: A total of 59 patients were enrolled. The agreement between the EAU and the RAU findings was 0.97, 0.88, 0.79, 0.73, 0.62, and 0.57 for gall bladder (GB) distension, cholelithiasis, GB wall thickening, duct dilatation, choledocholithiasis, and pericholecystic fluid, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of EAU, performed by emergency physician with limited training on patients suffering from upper abdominal pain had a significant agreement with the RAU. However, more educations and cautions are warranted for diagnosing pericholecystic fluid and choledocholithiasis.

물체의 Free Body Diagram(FBD) 에 대한 정량적인 고찰

권재술,김영삼 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1995 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.5 No.1

현행 국내와 국외의 물리 교재들은 대부분 물체의 FBD에 대하여 일치된 표시 방법을 갖고 있지 않다. 그것은 물체의 평형을 생각할 때, 평형에 관한 제1조건만 적용하거나 제2조건을 고려할지라고 정성적으로만 다루었기 때문이라고 생각한다. 현행 물리 교재들이 채택하고 있는 표시방법들은 물체의 크기를 무시할 수 있거나, 회전을 고려하지 않을 경우는 문제가 없으나 회전을 고려해야 하는 경우는 설명에 어려움이 있다. 무엇보다 교과서에서 FBD를 정확히 표시하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이라고 생각하며, 본 연구에서는 대부분의 물리 교재들이 현재 사용하고 있는 FBD와 관련된 문제점들을 찾아보고, 물체의 평형에 관한 제1, 2조건을 적용한 정량적인 분석을 통하여 올바른 FBD 표현 방안을 제안하고자 한다. The Free-Body Diagram (FBD) is widely used in introductory physics textbooks. It plays a key role in finding the net force and the net torque acting on a body. However, the representantions of the FBD vary from textbook to textbook in Korea, as well as in foreign countries. In the case of translational motion only, the methods of presenting FBD were not significantly different. However, in the case of rotational motion due to the torque produced by the external forces, the methods of drawing the FBD were significantly differenct. In this study, the researchers examined the FBDs presented in the textbooks in Korea and in foreign countries and extracted problems appearing in the textbooks. Finally, the researchers tried to suggest a correct method for drawing FBD, which would be applicable to the translational motion, as well as the rotational motion, of a body.

μ-RBMP의 첫도달 분포와 적률함수

朴永述 관동대학교 1997 關大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

We consider a μ-RBMP, which is one-dimensional reflected Brownian motion process with drift coefficient μ. The joint distribution of μ-RBMP is derived, and we find the distribution of the first-passage time using the joing distribution function. The property of the distribution is examined through some real examples.