유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향

홍희숙(Hee-Sook Hong),장영숙(Young-Sook Jang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 수원시와 인천시에 소재한 6곳 유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명이다. 유아의 기질을 살펴보기 위하여 정인희와 황혜정(2009)에 의해 개발된 부모용 유아 기질 평정척도를 사용하였으며, 부모의 언어통제 유형을 측정하기 위해서는 Bernstein(1971)과 Gumperz(1973)의 연구를 토대로 도혜숙(1997)이 제작한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 장영숙과 황윤세(2009)에 의해 개발된 교사용 유아 리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 유아의 기질과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 유아의 리더십은 유아의 기질의 하위변인 중 반응성, 적응성, 지속성, 전환성과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부모의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 부모의 인성지향적 언어통제와 지위지향적 언어통제는 유아의 리더십과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제, 아버지의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 인성지향적 언어통제, 유아 기질 중 규칙성과 적응성의 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 리더십을 가장 많이 예언하는 변인은 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제이었다. 본 연구는 유아의 리더십을 발달시키기 위해서는 유아의 기질에 대한 올바른 이해 뿐 아니라 부모가 바람직한 언어통제 유형을 사용해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s temperament and their parents’ verbal control modes on young children’s leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 250 young children and their parents in six kindergartens of Incheon and Suwon City. In-Hee Jung and Hae-Jeong Hwang’s young children’s temperament scale for parents(2009) was used for the test of young children’s temperament, and Hae-Sook Do’s instrument(1997) was employed for the evaluation of parents’ verbal control modes. In order to evaluate young children’s leadership, young children’s leadership scale for teachers developed by Young-Sook Jang and Yoon-Se Hwang(2009) was used. The results of the study were as follows. First, responsiveness, adaptability, persistence, and transformation among young children’s temperament were positively correlated with their leadership. Second, for both fathers and mothers, human nature-oriented verbal control mode and position-oriented verbal control mode among parents’ verbal control modes were positively correlated with young children’s leadership. Third, young children’s leadership was most significantly explained by fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode followed by fathers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode, young children’s regularity and adaptability. Fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode was the most predictable factor in explaining young children’s leadership. This study showed the importance of desirable use of parents’ verbal control mode as well as better understanding of young children’s temperament for fostering young children’s leadership.

Hong JeongHa's Tianyuanshu and Zhengcheng Kaifangfa

홍성사,홍영희,김영욱,Hong, Sung Sa,Hong, Young Hee,Kim, Young Wook The Korean Society for History of Mathematics 2014 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.27 No.3

Tianyuanshu and Zengcheng Kaifangfa introduced in the Song-Yuan dynasties and their contribution to the theory of equations are one of the most important achievements in the history of Chinese mathematics. Furthermore, they became the most fundamental subject in the history of East Asian mathematics as well. The operations, or the mathematical structure of polynomials have been overlooked by traditional mathematics books. Investigation of GuIlJib (九一集) of Joseon mathematician Hong JeongHa reveals that Hong's approach to polynomials is highly structural. For the expansion of $\prod_{k=11}^{n}(x+a_k)$, Hong invented a new method which we name Hong JeongHa's synthetic expansion. Using this, he reveals that the processes in Zhengcheng Kaifangfa is not synthetic division but synthetic expansion.

Dynamic Young's Modulus and Internal Friction in Polycrystalline Copper

Kang, Chang-Seog,Chang, Si-Young,Hong, Sung-Kil 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.5

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young's modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young's modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.

NR과 SBR 가황물의 경도와 강성도에 대한 온도의 영향

진현호 ( Hyun Ho Jin ),홍창국 ( Chang Kook Hong ),조동련 ( Dong Lyun Cho ),강신영 ( Shin Young Kaang ) 한국고무학회 2007 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구에서는 고무제품의 수치 안정성과 성능유지에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 중요한 특성 중 하나인 온도변화에 따른 고무재료의 경도변화를 고찰하였다. 새롭게 제작된 International Rubber Hardness Degree(IRHD, Normal type) 경도측정 시험기를 사용하여 미충전된 NR과 SBR시편의 여러 온도에서 경도변화를 측정하였으며 Young`s modulus 값과 비교하였다. NR과 SBR 모두 유리전이온도 근처에서 경도와 Young`s modulus의 급격한 변화를 보였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 경도와 Young`s modulus 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 이는 분자의 운동성과 엔트로피 영향으로 해석할 수 있다. 카본블랙과 실리카가 충전된 NR과 SBR의 경우 충전제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 경도에 미치는 온도의 영향이 감소함을 관찰하였다. Hardness of rubbery materials, which is important for dimensional stability and product performance, was investigated upon temperature change in this study. A newly developed IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) tester was used to measure the hardness changes of NR and SBR specimens at various temperatures and the hardness values were compared with the Young`s modulus. The hardness and Young`s modulus of NR and SBR showed an abrupt change near the glass transition temperatures. The hardness and Young`s modulus were increased by increasing temperature due to the increased random chain conformation of molecules. The effect of temperature on hardness and Young`s modulus of NR and SBR specimens filled with carbon black and silica was decreased by increasing filler content.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

초음파 공명 분광법(RUS)을 이용한 SiC 입자강화 Al 기지복합재료의 탄성계수 해석

홍순형,주영상,정용무,정현규 韓國非破壞檢査學會 1999 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.19 No.3

SiC 입자강화 2124Al 금속복합재료의 강화재 부피분율에 따른 탄성 stiffness를 초음파 공명 스펙트로스코피(resonant ultrasound spectroscopy: RUS) 방법을 이용하여 측정하였다. RUS 방법은 한 개의 소형 시편으로 9개의 독립변수를 가진 사방정계(orthorhombic) 탄성계수를 간단한 실험으로 측정가능함을 보여주었다. SiC 강화재 부피분율 변화에 따른 탄성계수를 측정하였는데 이 경우 초기 추정 탄성계수를 구하기 위해서 부피분율에 따른 미세조직 사진으로부터 강화재의 형상(aspect ratio)과 방향을 고려한 유효 aspect ratio 개념을 도입하였고, Mori-Tanaka 이론식에 의한 계산결과를 이용하였다. 이로부터 계산된 공진주파수와 RUS의 측정 공진주파수 사이를 최소화함으로 정확한 탄성계수를 측정하였다. 측정된 stiffnesses로부터 공학적 탄성계수인 Young's modulus를 계산하였으며, 계산된 Young's modulus와 압출방향으로 인장시험한 Young's modulus를 비교분석하였다. SiC 입자의 부피분율이 증가함에 따라 탄성계수가 증가함을 나타내었고, 탄성 stiffness의 거동은 강화재가 많이 첨가될수록 횡등방성(transversely isotropic) 이 강하게 나타났으며 이것은 압출공정에 의해 강화재 입자의 방향성 재배열에 기인한다. 한편 일정크기 시편에 있어서 기본 공진주파수가 강화재 부피분율에 따라 고주파수 영역으로 이동하는 현상이 관찰되었으며, 이로 부터 비파괴적으로 강화재 부피분율을 예측할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. The dynamic elastic properties of metal matrix composites were investigated by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy(RUS). The composites used in this study consisted of 2124 aluminum alloy reinforced with different concentrations of SiC particles. RUS can determine the nine independent elastic stiffness(C )for the orthorhombic symmetry on a small specimen simultaneously. The elastic constants were determined as a function of the volume fraction. A concept of effective aspect ratio, which combine the aspect ratio and the orientation of reinforcement, was used to calculate the initial moduli from Mori-Tanaka theory for the input of RUS minimization code. Young's moduli can be obtained from the measured stiffnesses. The results show that the elastic stiffness increases with increment of the particle content. The behavior of elastic stiffness indicates that the particle redistribution induced by the extrusion process enlarges the transversely isotropic symmetry as the fraction of reinforced particles increase. This relationship could be used for determination of the volume fractions of reinforcement as a potential tool of nondestructive material characterization.

Nifedipine 투여가 선천성 고혈압 쥐의 CYP1A1과 2B1 유도에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,김형래,박혜영,배영숙,박상신 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1995 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.18 No.3

Cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzymes are important in catalyzing the hiotransffrmation on manyendogeneous compounds and xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. In the presentstudy, effect of nifedipine a voltage dependent calcium channel blocker on the induction ofCYP1A1 and 2B1 was investigated. Change of CYP1A1 and 2B1 activities were measuredby using specific enzyme activities and Western blot analysis. CYP1A1, as quantified by ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase activity and Western blot with monoclonal antibody 1-7-1, increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated spontaneous hypertensive rat(SHR. 30mg/kg.b.w, twicea day for 3days) but not in kidney microsome. CYP2B1, as quantified by benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity and Western blot wit]1 monoclonal antibody 2-66-3, markedly increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated SHR but slightly in kidney microsome. The resultsdemonstrate that nifedipine is a potent inducer of CYP2B1 in SHR.

유아의 성별, 연령에 따른 체력 특성

전영남,양점홍,김수진,이성민 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of young children's fitness development in accordance with gheir gender and age, providing information necessary for an effective physical education instruction for young children's growth and development. For the purpose, this researcher selected total 257 young children from K Kindergarten located at K-gu in B Metropolitan City who consisted of 73 boys and 45 girls, both of were fully aged 4, and 83 boys and 56 girls, fully aged 5.......

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)항응고제에 의한 Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV)변화

홍승민,박영진,최하영,임진,정옥연,이호준,이호영,장숙진,문대수 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

It is essential that we put the anticoagulant into the blood specimen of the CBC test. However, the value of some parameters in the CBC test can be changed whenever using some anticoagulants. EDTA anticoagulant is mostly used these days. There are 3 kinds of EDTA, that is K_(2-), K_(3-), and Na_(2-) EDTA. The author studies how many effects each the EDTA gets into the true value of blood specimen for MCV of RBCs. Especially we compared the MCV effect of different concentrations of 3 EDTA anticoagulants on the bias with time and instrument. Some results are gotten. In our results, K_(3-)EDTA anticoagulant shows more satisfactory MCV value than K_(2) or Na_(2-)EDTA. On using concentration of EDTA, 1.5㎎ EDTA/㎖ of blood show more satisfactory MCV value than 7.5㎎ EDTA/㎖ of blood. However, the choice of anticoagulant may be dependant on the different instruments.

성대마비환자를 대상으로 시행한 후두근전도검사의 임상적 유용성

최홍식,최영준,문상우,김태만,최홍식,최영준,문상우,김태만 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.2