장기간 체중부하 운동훈련이 흰쥐 노화 심근에 미치는 영향

조현국(Hyung Gug Cho),이영실(Young Sil Lee),정형재(Hyeung Jae Chung),이용덕(Yong Deok Lee),박원학(Won-Hark Park) 대한의생명과학회 1998 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.4 No.2

장기간 체중부하운동아 흰쥐의 심근에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 생후 3개월, 10개월 및 20개월된 흰쥐를 5개월간 운동 시킨 후 각각의 비운동군과 비교하여 심근의 조직학적ㆍ세포학적 변화를 관찰하고, 심근세포내 미세구조적 변화를 입체해석학적으로 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 운동 15개월군부터 노화색소의 양이 현저히 증가되었고 사립체의 변성, 공포화 현상 그리고 간질조직의 증식이 뚜렷하였으며, 25개월군에서는 윤반분리, 근원섬유의 소실 및 과수축대 출현빈도가 증가되었다. Glucose-6-phosphatase의 활성도는 15개월 운동군에서 감소하여 25개월 운동군에서는 활성도가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 업체해석학적 결과에서도 장기간 체중부하운동으로 인해 15개윌, 25개월군에서 모두 사립체와 근원섬유의 체적밀도는 감소되었고, 간질조직의 체적밀도는 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 장기간 체중부하운동은 3개월군에 있어서 심장에 미치는 역효과가 없으나 10개월군과 20개월군에서는 심근 기능강화에 역효과를 초래할 우려가 큰 것으로 판단된다. There is considerable interests in the effect of regular, vigorous exercise, in particular weight training as a possible measure in improving myocardial function. The present investigation aimed to examine possible effect of a long-term weight training program on the heart in aging rats. Male rats aged 3-, 10-, and 20-month-old were divided at random into a control (sedentary) and the exercise group. The training group was exercised for 5 days a week by 1 RM of ten times with weight training apparatus. This investigation examined the changes of the heart muscle relative to histological, ultrastructural, cytochemical, and stereo logical studies in rats. Quantity of lipofuscin pigments was clearly increased in the weight training group of 15-month-old rats, and mitochondrial degeneration, vacuolization, and interstitial proliferation were observed as well. In the weight training group of 25-month-old rats the frequency as separated intercalated discs, fraying myofibrils and hypercontraction band increased in number compared with the same 15-month-old group. From the experimental result of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the enzyme activities decreased in the weight training group of 15-month-old rats, and more decreased in the same 25-month-old group. In stereological study, both 15-and 25-month-old training groups, mitochondrial and myofibrilar volume densities significantly decreased, whereas interstitial volume density significantly increased. From the experimental results obtained in the present study, it is suggested that long-term weight training exercise do not cause any significantly qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural change of the heart muscle in the young. On the contrary, long-term weight training exercise stress may actually induce degenerative changes in the heart muscle in the old age.

영국의 中産階級과 급진주의 의식

황영국 慶尙大學校 史學會 1997 慶尙史學 Vol.13 No.-

Liverpool 정부 소고

황영국 慶尙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

Liverpool's government was unfortunate in having to deal probably the most complex set of problems ever faced by any British gocernment up to that date : ecoomic and social distress, the demand for Cathoric Emancipation in lreland, and widespread disturbances which surgested that Britain might be on the verge of a revorution like in France in 1789. Strong measures were taken to relieve the distress. As a result of this, number of much needed reforms and impovements were introduced, which led thes phase of the government to be described as liberal toryism. The traditional view still accepted by writers such as Derek Beals is that the Tories were reactionary until 1822, when they suddenly became 'liberal' reformers. More recently Several new points have been suggested : J.E.Cookson suggests that the government was net reationary bofore 1822.

부르크하르트 사관 고찰

黃榮國 진주산업대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Burckhardt sets up his special view of cultural history through the study of Renaissance. As long as the view of cultural history reaPpear with many sides a mean of nonpolitical history or the past of human, the history of the view of cultural history retraces of Voltaire and other forerunners. But Burckhardt is the best investigator of all others with a great penetration. The substance in Burckhardt's view of cultural history could not deal with the process of time lightly in the history in order to inspect more clearly and lively.

드로이젠의 歷史觀 硏究

黃榮國 진주산업대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The autonomy of historical thought is seen at its simplest in the work of selection. The historian who tries to work on the commonsense theory, and accurately reproduce what he finds in his authorities, resembles a landscape-painter who tries to work on that theory of art which bids the artist copy nature. He may fancy that he is reproducing in his own medium the actual shapes and colurs of natural things; but however hard he tries to do this he is always selecting, simplifying, schematizing, leaving out what he thinks unimportant and putting in what he regards as essential. It is the artist, and not nature, that is responsible for what goes into the picture. In the same way, no historian, not even the worst, merely copies out his authorities; even if he puts in nothing of his own which is never really possible, he is always leaving out things which, for one reason or another, he decieds that his own work does not need or cannot use. It is he, therefore, and not his authority, that is responsible for what goes in. On that question he is his own master: his thought is to that extent autonomous. An even clearer exhibition of this autonomy is found in what I have called historical construction. The historian's authorities tell him of this or that phase in a process whose intermediate phases they leave undescribed; he then interpolates these phase for himself. His picture of his subject, though it may consist in part of statements dirctly drawn from his authorities, consists also, and increasingly with every increase in his competence as an historian, of statements reached inferentially from those according to his own criteria, his own rules of method, and his own canons of relevance. In this part of his work he is never depending on his authorities in the sense of repeating what they tell him; he is relying on his won powers and constituting himself his own authority; while his so-called authorities are now not authorities at all but only evidence. The clearest demonstration of the historian's autonomy, however, is provided by historical criticism. And for history, the object to be discovered is not the more event, but the thought expressed in it. To discover that thought is already to understand it.

서양 사상사의 연구방법

황영국 慶尙大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.26 No.2

The importance of history of ideas has increased during the last three decades. The history of ideas may be defined as the historical study of ideas including our inner experiences and emotional expressions. The task of a historian of ideas begins with the analysis of the inner structure of ideas and then proceeds to an understanding of their historical meaning in relation to the intellectual conditions of our life. The real foundation of history of ideas in this century were laid by James harvey Robinson who offered the first independent cours in European history of ideas. He challenged traditional possitivistic historiography and proposed to reform historical scholarship in his New History. J.H.Robimson had a great influence on the ddevelopment of history of ideas, but Arthur O.Lovejoy added methodological precision and philosophical analysis. A.O.Lovejoy had a genuinely historical interest in the intrinsic character of ideas, His efforts led to the birth of the Journal of the History of ideas in 1941. Contextualization is the strongest feature in the field of the history of ideas, but it is difficult to see how one can establish a precise context for the relevance of the past.

생물막 탈질공정을 이용한 고농도 유기성폐수처리

禹永國,權純映,劉成桓 관동대학교 1997 關大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

The combined process for denitrification was used to treat seafood processing wasteweters containing high Nitrogen compounds. The reactors were maden by prexiglass and consisted of the two anoxic and oxic reator for nitrification and denitrification. Wastewater for experiment was ranged in 4000-5000㎎/1 of TCOD, 2500-3300㎎/1 of TBOD, 500-600㎎/1 of TKN, 430-500㎎/1 of NH₃-N and 14-28℃ of temperature. The efficiency was shown in treating nitrogen compounds during experiment. About 90% of NOx was removed at anoxic oxic phase. At the state of 0.3-0.6 ㎏ NOx/m³.d in Nitrogen volumetric loading rate, the efficiency was 97%. Most of Nitrogen removal was treated at the post-denirification.

19世紀 美國의 市民社會 考察

黃榮國 慶尙大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.20 No.2

The postwar years of a country are necessarily those involving social and economic readjustment. In addition to meeting these changes, America had to cope with her new political status. The years 1789-1801 saw the United States emerge as a national entity. Governmental precedents were carefully established and international diplomacy prevented all-out wars with European antagonists. Responsibility for thus securing the foundations of the young republic goes to the Federalists, but their methods of doing so were not without opposition. This opposition formed itself into a new political group, which was soon to get the opportunity to make its own contribution to American history. During the years 1801-24, the United States doubled her size, entered a war of little consequence, and turned her endeavors homeword in tune to a rising, but temporary, spirit of nationalism. The second quarter of the nineteenth century saw a democratic upheaval, of which Andrew Jackson was the symbol, and which was a true "Second American Revolution." It was not only political but also social, intellectual, and humanitarian. In its first staques, western farmers, southern planters, and eastern laborers, led by politicians taking advantage of a broadened suffrage, promoted Jackson through two campaigns to the presidency and later supported his chosen successor, Martin Van Buren. Westward expansion produced great economic and social changes which not only changed the ways of American living but also increased the hostility of proslavery and antislavery people. After the bloody Civil war the victorious North faced the problems of repairing the Union. From the attempts, and from the quarrels which divided the victors, came a harsh struggle that has left a bitterness which still infects the relations between the two sections. In a brief thirty-five-year period, from the end of the Civil War to the advent of the twentieth century, were laid the foundations of modern America. The country changed in all aspects, from its physical proportions to its foreign policy. Population swelled, and the land stretched itself to full size with the closing of the frontier. The economic revolution wrought by the Civil War ushered in a remarkable period of industrialization which changed America from an agricultural economy to an industrial power. The impact of this transition was felt by every American businessman, farmer, and worker.

인터루킨-1α를 기관지 투입 후 나타난 폐세척액에서의 대식세포의 미세구조적 변화

박원학,이영만,조현국 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1996 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.2 No.2

인터루킨-1을 흰쥐의 기관지 내로 투여하였을 때 급성 부종성 폐손상(acute edematous lung injury)이 유발되며, 폐세척액 내 호중구가 증가되고 surfactant의 양도 증가한다. 대식세포는 증가된 surfactant에 기인한 탐식작용 활동이 증가하여 세포 내 환상의 구조물들이 증가하나 정상군과 비교하여 형태적으로 세포기관의 구조에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 세포구성은 세포간 기능상의 차이를 나타내는 것이며, surfactant의 순환과 연관성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 정상군에 있어서 폐포강 내 대식세포가 환상의 구조물들을 합성하는 형태를 보였으며, 이것은 surfactant의 재합성과 분비작용과 매우 밀접한 연관성이 있음을 보여 주는 것이다. In order to investigate the recycling of the pulmonary surfactant in association with morphological changes in macrophage after interleukin-1 α(IL-1) induced lung injury, an acute lung injury was induced by instillation of IL-1 into the trachea, Numbers of neutrophils and phospholipid content were increased significantly(P<0.01) in IL-1 treated BAL(brochoalveolar lavage) compared to control rat. By increased phagocytosis, the lamellar structures in the macrophges of IL-1 treated rats' BAL were increased and the compositions of the cellular organelles were changed in comparison to control rat. This difference in compositions of cellular organelles denotes difference of functions in macrophages between control and IL-1 treated rats. As macrophages have been said to implicate (in the difference in the recycling of pulmonary surfactant, it is highly probable that the difference in compositions of cellular organelles is closely related to the recycling of pulmonary surfactant. In the present study circular structures were synthesized in the cytoplasm of the macrophages in BAL of normal rats. Based on these experimental results, it is suggested that macrohages might synthesize surfactant during recycling of surfactant in the lung.

장기간 체중부하 운동훈련이 흰쥐 노화 심근에 미치는 영향

박원학,조현국,이영실,정형재,이용덕 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1998 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.4 No.2

장기간 체중부하운동이 흰쥐의 심근에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 생후 3개월, 10개월 및 20개월된 흰쥐를 5개월간 운동 시킨 후 각각의 비운동군과 비교하여 심근의 조직학적 ·세포학적 변화를 관찰하고, 심근세포내 미세구조적 변화를 입체해석학적으로 비교 ·분석하였다. 운동 15개월군부터 노화색소의 양이 현저히 증가되었고 사립체의 변성, 공포화 현상 그리고 간질조직의 증식이 뚜렷하였으며, 25개월군에서는 윤반분리, 근원섬유의 소실 및 과수축대 출현빈도가 증가되었다. Glucose-6-phosphatase의 활성도는 15개월 운동군에서 감소하여 25개월 운동군에서는 활성도가 거의 나타나지 알았다. 입체해석학적 결과에서도 장기간 체중부하운동으로 인해 15개월, 25개월군에서 모두 사립체와 근원섬유의 체적밀도는 감소되었고, 간질조직의 체적밀도는 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 장기간 체중부하운동은 3개월군에 있어서 심장에 미치는 역효과가 없으나 10개월군과 20개월군에서는 심근 기능강화에 역효과를 초래 할 우려가 큰 것으로 판단된다. There is considerable interests in the effect of regular, vigorous exercise, in particular weight training as a possible measure in improving myocardial function. The present investigation aimed to examine possible effect of a long-term weight training program on the heart in aging rats. Male rats aged 3-, 10-, and 20-month-old were divided at random into a control (sedentary) and the exercise group. The training group was exercised for 5 days a week by 1 RM of ten times with weight training apparatus. This investigation examined the changes of the heart muscle relative to histological, ultrastructural, cytochemical, and stereological studies in rats. Quantity of lipofuscin pigments was clearly increased in the weight training group of 15-month-old rats, and mitochondrial degeneration, vacuolization, and interstitial proliferation were observed as well. In the weight training group of 25-month-old rats the frequency as separated intercalated discs, fraying myofibrils and hypercontraction band increased in number compared with the same 15-month-old group. From the experimental result of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the enzyme activities decreased in the weight training group of 15-month-old rats, and more decreased in the same 25-month-old group. In stereological study, both 15- and 25-month-old training groups, mitochondrial and myofibrilar volume densities significantly decreased, whereas interstitial volume density significantly increased. From the experimental results obtained in the present study, it is suggested that long-term weight training exercise do not cause any significantly qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural change of the heart muscle in the young. On the contrary, long-term weight training exercise stress may actually induce degenerative changes in the heart muscle in the old age.