Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

AN IN-SITU YOUNG'S MODULUS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS USING TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

Choi, Young-Chul,Yoon, Doo-Byung,Park, Jin-Ho,Kwon, Hyun-Sang Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

Elastic wave is one of the most useful tools for non-destructive tests in nuclear power plants. Since the elastic properties are indispensable for analyzing the behaviors of elastic waves, they should be predetermined within an acceptable accuracy. Nuclear power plants are exposed to harsh environmental conditions and hence the structures are degraded. It means that the Young's modulus becomes unreliable and in-situ measurement of Young's modulus is required from an engineering point of view. Young's modulus is estimated from the group velocity of propagating waves. Because the flexural wave of a plate is inherently dispersive, the group velocity is not clearly evaluated in temporal signal analysis. In order to overcome such ambiguity in estimation of group velocity, Wigner-Ville distribution as the time-frequency analysis technique was proposed and utilized. To verify the proposed method, experiments for steel and acryl plates were performed with accelerometers. The results show good estimation of the Young's modulus of two plates.

AN IN-SITU YOUNG’S MODULUS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS USING TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

YOUNG-CHUL CHOI,DOO-BYUNG YOON,JIN-HO PARK,권휴상 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

Elastic wave is one of the most useful tools for non-destructive tests in nuclear power plants. Since the elastic properties are indispensable for analyzing the behaviors of elastic waves, they should be predetermined within an acceptable accuracy. Nuclear power plants are exposed to harsh environmental conditions and hence the structures are degraded. It means that the Young’s modulus becomes unreliable and in-situ measurement of Young’s modulus is required from an engineering point of view. Young’s modulus is estimated from the group velocity of propagating waves. Because the flexural wave of a plate is inherently dispersive, the group velocity is not clearly evaluated in temporal signal analysis. In order to overcome such ambiguity in estimation of group velocity, Wigner-Ville distribution as the time-frequency analysis technique was proposed and utilized. To verify the proposed method, experiments for steel and acryl plates were performed with accelerometers. The results show good estimation of the Young’s modulus of two plates.

노년기 주관적 연령과 건강노화와의 관계: 연령집단별 분석

최은영 ( Choi Eun Young ),조성은 ( Cho Sung Eun ),오영삼 ( Oh Young Sam ),장희수 ( Chang Hee Su ),김영선 ( Kim Young Sun ) 한국보건사회연구원 2017 保健社會硏究 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 노년기 주관적 연령(스스로를 노인 혹은 비(非)노인으로 인지하는지 여부)과 건강노화와의 관계를 연령집단에 따라 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2014년 노인실태조사 대상자 중 연소노인(65~74세)과 고령노인(75~84세)을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구의 주목적인 주관적 연령과 건강노화 간의 관련성을 검증하기 위해 연소노인 및 고령노인 집단별로 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 주관적 연령과 건강노화의 관계는 연령집단별로 다른 양상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 연소노인에서 주관적 연령이 비(非)노인인 경우, 높은 수준의 인지기능과 적은 만성질환 수, 낮은 수준의 우울, 그리고 높은 수준의 사회활동 참여를 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 반면, 고령노인인 경우 주관적 연령은 인지기능을 제외하고 건강노화의 다른 세 요소와 유의미한 관련이 없었다. 본 연구는 주관적 연령을 건강노화의 새로운 고려요소로 제시하여, 두 요소의 관련성을 통합적인 차원에서 살펴보았다는 의의가 있다. 또한 노인을 연령대에 따라 구별된 집단으로 살펴봄으로써, 주관적 연령과 건강노화의 연관성이 연령집단마다 상이한 양상을 보임을 밝혔다는 의의를 가진다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between subjective age (whether one subjectively perceives himself as `the elderly` or `not the elderly`) and healthy aging. Using data from the 2014 National Elderly Survey (KIHASA), this study selected a total of 9,653 participants consisting of young-olds (aged 65-74) and old-olds (aged 75-84) For both the young-old and the old-old, multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the research model. In the young-old population, one`s considering oneself as “non-elderly” was significantly associated with higher cognitive functioning, fewer chronic diseases, lower depressive symptoms, and higher level of social engagement. On the other hand, in the old-old population, one`s considering oneself as “non-elderly” was associated only with higher cognitive functioning, and not with the other domains of healthy aging. The findings suggest that subjective age can be considered as an important predictors of older adults` healthy aging. These findings indicate that the association between subjective age and healthy aging has a different pattern depending on the age group.

김억의 ‘창작적 역시’의 사적(史的) 의미

최라영(Choi, Ra-young) 우리말글학회 2015 우리말 글 Vol.64 No.-

이 연구는 계보상으로 뚜렷한 작가들만을 중심으로 우리 근대시사를 이야기하기보다는, 우리의 근대시형, 시체 형성에 있어서 그 기본적 바탕이 되었으면서도 부각되지 못해온 근대시 형성의 주역인 김억의 역시와 그것의 시사적 의미를 조명해보고자 하였다. 즉 이 글은 김억이 서구시의 주체적 수용과 우리 근대시의 창조라는 당대 시대적 요구를 그의 창작적 역시를 통하여 어떠한 방식으로 실천하였는가에 관하여 논의하였다. 구체적으로, 그 작업은 김억의 『기탄자리』를 중심으로 하여 타고르의 『GITANJALI』, ?野三良의 『印度新詩集』, 한용운의 『님의 침묵』의 시편들을 비교하면서 우리의 근대 종교적 산문시형, 시체가 김억에 의해 ‘주체적으로’ 형성되고 한용운에 의해 그것이 발전적으로 전개되는 특성에 주목하였다. 이러한 과정을 통하여, 김억의 창작적 역시가 ‘원어역’임을 확인, 검토하였으며 고전시가에서 근대시로의 이행기에서 그의 창작적 역시가 지닌 문학사적 의미를 조명해 보았다. 무엇보다도 김억의 『기탄자리』는 우리나라 최초 서구근대시 원어역시집이면서 번역의 수준이 오늘날의 전문가급과 견주어도 손색이 없다. 김억의 『기탄자리』의 발간 이후 두 해 후에 출간된 한용운의 『님의 침묵』?역시 김억의 창작적 역시형, 시체, 시어법을 보여준다. 단적으로, 김억이 원시의 시적 대상을 절대적 존재로서 간주하여 극존칭의 ‘-습니다’체를 선택하고 ‘아아-구문’과 ‘-습니다’를 활용하여 종교적 산문시 특유의 유장한 리듬을 만들어내는 방식은 한용운 산문시의 언어구조에서도 주요한 특성으로 전개되고 있다. 한용운은 김억이 고안한 우리식 종교산문시의 일관된 ‘습니다체’를 자신의 종교적 산문시의 시형, 시체로서 수용, 그것을 발전적으로 전개시켰다고 할 수 있다. This article discusses Kim-eok"s poetry-translation and its historic meaning in the point of view that he is the driving force in the formation of Korean modern poetry. His poetry made the foundation of Korean modern poetry; nonetheless his contribution to Korean poetry has not been stood out. In other words, it examines how he meets the demands of the times, the independent acceptance of Western Modern poetry and the creation of Korean modern poetry, through his creative translation, Concretely, it focused on the characteristics that he made modern poetic style and the form of religious prose poem independently then Han Young-Un developed it, by making a comparison between the poetry of Tagore"s 『GITANJALI』? and Han Young-Un"s ?『Nim-eu-chim-mook』?(his silence) and Masino Saburo"s ?『印度新詩集』?(anthology of Indian new poetry). It reviews the historic meaning of Kim-eok"s creative translation in Korean literary genealogy and examines his creative translation was not a retranslation from Japanese translated by a Japan scholar to Korean but a direct translation from English to Korean. Above all, Kim-eok"s 『GITANJALI』 is excellent even if compared with that of today‘s expert translator as the first translated book in Korean and direct translation. We can also find his poetic style in Han Young-Un"s ?『Nim-eu-chim-mook』(his silence) published two years later after Kim-eok"s?『GITANJALI』. Simply put, Kim-eok uses the most honorific title (‘seumnida’) and ‘ar-’ sentence structure to make lengthy rhythm matching to religious prose poem, and then it develops in the linguistic structure of Han Young-Un"s prose poem as a major characteristic. Han Young-Un had accepted Kim-eok"s writing style ("seumnida") and developed it as a poetic form and a writing style in his religious prose poetry.

최씨 훅을 이용한 복강경 버찌씨 수술

김영혜 ( Young Hye Kim ),박준선 ( Jun Seon Park ),최상준 ( Sang Joon Choi ),송창훈 ( Chang Hoon Song ),한세준 ( Sei Jun Han ),정혁 ( Hyuk Jung ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.6

목적: 버찌씨 수술은 복압성 요실금 수술에 효과적인 수술로 여겨져 왔다. 요실금의 원인이 내인성 요도 괄약근의 결손소견 없이 요도의 과운동성으로 인한 경우 버찌씨 수술이 일반적으로 추천되어진다. 본 연구에서는 복강경 버찌씨 수술에서 최씨 훅의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2000년 10월부터 2005년 3월까지 본원에서 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행받은 47명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 27명은 고전적 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행하였고 20명은 내골반 근막을 Cooper 인대를 부착하는데 유용한 본원에서 고안한 최씨 훅을 이용하여 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행하였다. 결과: 고전적 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행한 군과 최씨 훅을 이용한 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행한 군의 평균 나이, 분만력, 폐경률, BMI는 두 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 수술 시간은 고전적 복강경 버찌씨 수술은 90.52±15.32분, 최씨 훅을 이용한 복강경 버찌씨 수술은 38.50±10.14분으로 최씨 훅을 이용한 경우 수술시간이 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았다 (p<0.05). 두 군간에 재발률 및 합병증 발생은 통계적 유의성을 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 결론: 본 연구에서 본원에서 고안한 최씨 훅을 이용하여 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행한 결과 수술 시간을 단축시킬 수 있었으며 수술 효과는 기존 방법과 동일하게 관찰되었다. 이에 최씨 훅은 복강경 버찌씨 수술에서 사용할 때 집도자의 봉합 과정을 단순화시켜 수술 시간을 단축시키므로 복강경 버찌씨 수술에 용이한 기구이다. Objective: Burch operation has been effective method for the treatment of stress incontinence. Burch operation is a well-accepted procedure for treating stress urinary incontinence secondary to urethral hypermobility without intrinsic sphincter deficiency and is the reference standard with which other procedures are compared. This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Choi`s hook in laparoscopic Burch operation. Methods: This study included 47 patients who had undergone laparoscopic Burch operation from October 2000 through March 2005. Of these 47 patients, 27 patients underwent traditional laparoscopic Burch operation (Group 1) and 20 patients underwent laparoscopic Burch operation with Choi`s Hook on anchoring the endopelvic fascia to the Cooper`s ligament (Group 2). Results: The mean age of patients of Group 1 was 55.6±9.37 years of age and that of Group 2 was 56.0±5.93 years of age. There is no difference in the mean age of patients (P>0.05). The mean operating time was 90.5±15.32 minutes for Group 1 and 38.5±10.14 minute for Group 2. The mean operating time was shorter in Group 2 than Group 1 (P<0.05). There was no difference in recurrence rate and complication rate between Group 1 and Group 2 (P>0.05). Conclusion: We performed laparoscopic Burch operation with the Choi`s Hook on anchoring the endopelvic fascia to the Cooper`s ligament. When we compared traditional laparoscopic Burch operation with laparoscopic Burch operation with Choi`s Hook, we could shorten the operation time using the Choi`s Hook.

수주 변영로의 초기 문학에 나타난 방랑과 이상적 공동체론

최호영 ( Choi Ho-young ) 서울대학교 인문학연구원 2016 人文論叢 Vol.73 No.3

이 글의 목적은 수주 변영로의 초기 문학에 나타나는 방랑의 모티프를 구체적으로 고찰하고 그에 따라 탐색하고자 하는 이상적 공동체의 상(像)과 의의를 해명하는데 있다. 변영로의 초기 시들을 검토해보면 일관적으로 상실한 ‘님’에 대한 지향성을 ‘방랑’과 ‘꿈’의 반복성을 통해 표현하고 있다. 이러한 시도는 ‘님’=‘조선’이 그에게 ‘생명’의 근원이라는 것을 보여주기 위함이었다. 여기서 나아가 그는 ‘조선’을 ‘생명’의 근원인 ‘정신’에 위치시키고 있을 뿐만 아니라 이를 탐색하기 위해 상징주의나 신비주의를 수용하기도 하였다. 이를 토대로 그는 ‘개성’을 도입하여 개인의 주체성과 조선적 특이성이 세계적 보편성으로 확장될수 있는 공동체를 구상하고자 했다. 1920년대 중반으로 접어들면서 변영로는 방랑을 기행의 방식으로 구체화하고 있으며 당대 문단에서 대표적인 전통적 양식으로 거론되었던 시조를 차용하여 이상적 공동체를 모색하려는 시도를 보여준다. 그가 특히 민족사의 기원이라 할 수 있는 백두산을 기행하고 이를 시조에 담아내려 한 것은 단순히 민족정신을 고취하기 위한 것이라기보다 그가 구상해오던 이상적 공동체의 원형을 탐색하기 위한 것이었다. 이는 그와 영향관계에 놓인 단재 신채호와 위당 정인보의 역사서에서도 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 이 글은 변영로의 초기 문학을 민족주의의 이념에 환원하려는 관행에서 벗어나 거기에 얽혀있는 풍부한 의미망들을 읽어냄으로써 1920년대 초기 문학의 ‘공동체’에 대한 논의가 더욱 생산적인 방향으로 전개되기를 기대한다. The purpose of this paper is to specifically examine the mode of wandering consistently represented in Suju Byeon, Young-ro’s early poems and to elucidate the significance and form of ideal community. Byeon, Young-ro’s early poems revealed the intentionality of the subject called ‘Nim’ by expressing repeatability of ‘dream’ and ‘wandering’, thereby showing that it was the origin of ‘life’ to him. Based on this, he came up with the idea of community where Joseons particularity and individual independence could be expanded into a global universality through the introduction of ‘individuality’. In the mid-1920s Byeon, Young-ro specified wandering into the method of travel and explored ideal community by borrowing sijo(traditional three-verse Korean poem) discussed as a classical form in the contemporary literary world. This point can be verified with the historical book written by Danjae Shin, Chae-ho and Widang Jeong, In-bo. Therefore, this paper considers the mode of wandering in his early poems as the device to investigate community, which can be an alternative of the reality of Joseon period, and to explore the origin of ‘life’ rather than as returning to the ideology of nationalism.

Localization of Antigenic Sites at the Amino-terminus of Rinderpest Virus N Protein Using Deleted N Mutants and Monoclonal Antibody

Kang-seuk Choi,Jin-ju Nah,Young-joon Ko,Shien-young Kang,Yi-seol Joo 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

of Antigenic Sites at the Amino-terminus of Rinderpest Virus N Protein Using Deleted N Mutants and Monoclonal AntibodyKang-seuk Choi*, Jin-ju Nah, Young-joon Ko, Shien-young Kang1 and Yi-seok JooNational Veterinary Research and Quarantine service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 480 Anyang, Gyounggi 430-824, Korea1Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, KoreaReceived April 2, 2003 / Accept July 10, 2003J. Vet. Sci. (2003), 4(2), 167-173JOURNAL OFVeterinaryScience*Corresponding author: Kang-seuk Choi National Veterinary Research and Quarantine service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 480 Anyang, Gyounggi 430-824, Korea Tel: +82-31-467-1860, Fax: +82-31-449-5882 E-mail: choiks@nvrqs.go.kr

Elderly kidney transplant recipients have favorable outcomes but increased infection-related mortality

임정훈,Lee Ga Young,Jeon Yena,Jung Hee-Yeon,Choi Ji Young,CHO, JANG-HEE,Park Sun Hee,김용림,Kim Hyung-Kee,Huh Seung,유은상,Won Dong Il,Kim Chan-Duck 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.3

Background: The number of elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease has been increasing, but the outcomes of kidney transplants (KT) remain poorly understood in elderly patients. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of elderly KT recipients and analyzed the impact of elderly donors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent KT between 2000 and 2019. KT recipients were divided into four groups according to a combination of recipient and donor age (≥60 or <60 years); elderly recipients: old-to-old (n = 46) and young-to-old (n = 83); young recipients: old-to-young (n = 98) and young-to-young (n = 796). We compared the risks of mortality, graft failure, and acute rejection between groups using Cox regression analysis. Results: The incidence of delayed graft function, graft failure, and acute rejection was not different among groups. Annual mean tacrolimus trough level was not lower in elderly recipients than young recipients during 10-year follow-up. Mortality was significantly higher in elderly recipients (p = 0.001), particularly infection-related mortality (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, old-toold and young-to-old groups had increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14– 7.32; p = 0.03; aHR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.51–6.20; p = 0.002). However, graft failure and acute rejection risks were not increased in elderly recipients. Conclusion: In elderly recipients, graft survival and acute rejection-free survival were not inferior to those of young recipients. However, mortality, especially risk of infection-related death, was increased in elderly recipients. Thus, low immunosuppression intensity might help decrease mortality in elderly recipients.

연령집단에 따른 노인의 허약(Frailty) 예측요인 분석

조성은 ( Cho Sung Eun ),최은영 ( Choi Eun Young ),오영삼 ( Oh Young Sam ),김영선 ( Kim Young Sun ),김성복 ( Kim Seong Bok ) 한국보건사회연구원 2017 保健社會硏究 Vol.37 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 연령집단에 따른 허약의 예측요인을 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 위해 2014년 노인실태조사를 사용하여 총 4,123명을 분석의 대상으로 설정하였다. 허약을 예측하는데 있어 연령의 중요성을 고려하여, 본 연구는 대상자를 75세 이상 85세 미만의 중 고령노인집단(n=3,373명)과 85세 이상의 초 고령노인집단(n=750명)으로 분류하여 연구모형을 검증하였다. 중 고령노인집단에서 전 허약노인과 허약노인은 각각 1453명(약 43%), 1,268명(약 37%)으로 나타났으며, 초 고령노인 집단에서 전 허약과 허약노인은 304명(약 40%), 396명(약 52%)으로 나타났다. 회귀분석의 결과 건강단계에서 허약전 단계로 진입하는 예측요인은 중 고령노인집단에서는 여성, 낮은 교육수준, 많은 만성질환, 낙상 유경험자, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지기능이 허약 전 단계를 예측하는 유의한 변인으로 밝혀졌으며 초 고령노인집단은 여성, 높은 우울, 낮은 사회활동이 유의한 예측요인으로 밝혀졌다. 허약 전 단계에서 허약 단계로의 진입을 예측하는 요인으로는 중 고령노인집단은 여성, 높은 연령, 미취업, 많은 만성질환, 낙상 유경험자, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지기능이 유의한 변인이었으며, 초 고령노인 집단은 높은 연령, 많은 만성질환, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지기능이 유의한 예측요인으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 연령의 세분화와 다각적인 요인의 접근으로 허약의 예측요인을 밝히고자 하였다. 연구를 통해 밝혀진 예측요인은 추후 허약에 대한 다각적 연구의 기초자료로서 활용되리라 기대한다. This study aims to investigate the predictors of frailty in different age groups. To address this purpose, this study used the 2014 Survey of the Living Conditions of the Elderly (SLCE). In the research model, 4,123 older adults aged 75 and older were included from the SLCE. All participants were subdivided into two age groups based on their age; the young old group (75-85) and the old-old group (85+). The young old group consisted of 1,453 (43%) pre-frail older adults and 1,268 (37%) frail older adults; the old-old group consisted of 304 (40%) pre-frail older adults and 396 (52%) frail older adults. Our regression analysis showed that in the young-old, being female, lower levels of education, having more chronic diseases, having fall experience, higher depression, lower cognitive functioning significantly predicted transition to pre-frailty from non-frail status. In the old-old, being female, higher depression, lower level of social activity were significant predictors. On the other hand, predictors of transition to frailty from pre-frail status in the young-old were being female, higher age, being unemployed, having more chronic diseases, having fall experience, higher depression, lower cognitive functioning. In the old-old, predictors of transition to frailty from pre-frail status were only higher age, having more chronic disease, higher depression, and lower cognitive functioning. The research findings can be used as a reference point in the making of strategies for preventing frailty.