한국인에서 일광 노출의 유해성에 대한 인지도와 일광 차단제의 이용 행태에 대한 연구

김상태,김기호,오선진,이승철,강세훈,윤재일,김진준,박석범,김홍용 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Background: Although deleterious effects of sunlight have been increased recently, the surveillance of the attitudes toward sun-exposure and the behavioral aspect of using sunscreens in Koreans has hot been carried out. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the attitude toward the harmfulness of sun-exposure and behaviors of using sunscreens in Korea. Method: Five hundred and fifty-two subjects were surveyed to assess the attitude toward sun-exposure, as well as the subjects knowledge about, and the use of sunscreens. Underlying data including demographic data, skin colors, skin types, occupation, and sun-exposure, were obtained. Results: Fifty-four percent of subjects believed that sun-exposure is bad for their skins, but, on the contrary, 12.5% believed it to be beneficial. Fifty-two percent of subjects used sunscreens. Almost all subjects(93.8%) knew why to use sunscreens but 62.7% of subjects did not know the meaning of sun protective factors(SPF). Women, indoor workers, subjects less than 40 years old, with less sun-exposed, fair colored skin, or with skin type I, II, III tended to know the deleterious effects of sunlight and the meaning of SPF and used more sunscreen. Conclusion: High risk population-men, outdoor workers, subjects oider than 40 years old, with more sun-exposed, dark colored skin, or skin type VI, V could be targeted with campaigns that promote attitudinal and behavioral changes.

The Efficacy and Safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Split-face Trial

( Sun Young Huh ),( Jung Won Shin ),( Jung Im Na ),( Chang Hun Huh ),( Sang Woong Youn ),( Kyoung Chan Park ) 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.1

Background: Melasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis that occurs on sun-exposed areas, and it is frequently observed among women. Various treatment modalities have been tried, but none are completely satisfactory. 4-n-butylresorcinol, which is a resorcinol derivative that has an inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, was introduced in 1995 and it has received increasing attention as a new hypopigmenting agent. However, the hypopigmenting effect of 4-n-butylresorcinol in human subjects has only been shown in a few studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of melasma. Methods: Twenty patients with melasma were enrolled to this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, split-face comparative study. The patients were instructed to apply 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream or vehicle to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Mexameter measurements were performed along with photography at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Adverse events were observed and recorded throughout the study. Results: All the patients completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the vehicle-treated side after 4 weeks (p=0.006) and after 8 weeks (p<0.0005). All the adverse reactions were mild and transient. Conclusion: 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream showed rapid efficacy and it was well tolerated when used for the treatment of melasma. (Ann Dermatol 22(1) 21∼25, 2010)

변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과

박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.

KMT-2017-BLG-0165Lb: A Super-Neptune-mass Planet Orbiting a Sun-like Host Star

Kil Jung, Youn,Gould, Andrew,Zang, Weicheng,Hwang, Kyu-Ha,Ryu, Yoon-Hyun,Han, Cheongho,Yee, Jennifer C.,Albrow, Michael D.,Chung, Sun-Ju,Shin, In-Gu,Shvartzvald, Yossi,Zhu, Wei,Cha, Sang-Mok,Kim, Dong American Astronomical Society 2019 The Astronomical journal Vol.157 No.2

부모양육태도와 자존감이 학교폭력 가해행동에 미치는 영향 특성화 고등학교를 중심으로 -

박선주 ( Park Sun Joo ),조휘연 ( Cho Hui Youn ),황선정 ( Whang Sun Jung ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2019 사회복지경영연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구의 주된 목적은 학교폭력 가해 경험이 있는 특성화 고등학교 학생들의 부모 양육태도가 학교폭력 가해 행동에 미치는 영향과, 자존감이 학교폭력 가해행동에 미치는 영향, 부모의 양육태도가 자존감에 미치는 영향 및 학생들의 학교폭력에 대한 인식을 분석하는데 있다. 연구대상은 총 122명으로 학교폭력 가해 경험이 있는 특성화 고등학교 남학생과 여 학생(남자 101명 여자 21명)이었다. 측정도구로는 부모양육태도와 배경정보에 대한 것은 Barber(1997)의 척도를 토대로 문항을 재구성하여 다시 제작한 김해영(2000)의 척도와, 자존감 측정도구로는 Rosenberg(1965)의 자존감 척도를 이춘진, 원호택 (1995)이 번안한 한국판 척도를 사용하였고, 학교폭력 가해 경험은 김준호, 김선애(2003)가 개발하고 김언지 (2004)가 수정 보완한 학교폭력 경험 측정도구 중 가해경험 문항을 사용하였으며, 학교폭력에 관한 인식은 김범수(2009)의 설문을 질적 문항으로 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 양육태도가 학교폭력에 미치는 영향을 분석해 본 결과, 부모의 양육태도 중에 자율이 높아질수록 학교폭력은 낮아진다고 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 양육태도가 자존감에 미치는 영향을 분석해 본 결과, 부모의 양육태도 중에 신뢰가 높아질수록 자존감이 높아진다고 나타났다. 셋째, 자존감이 학교폭력에 미치는 영향을 분석해 본 결과, 자존감은 학교폭력에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 응답하였다. 넷째, 특성화 고등학교 학교폭력 가해 경험이 있는 학생들의 학교폭력에 대한 인식을 분석해 본 결과 학교폭력이 매우 심각하다고 가장 많이 응답하였으며, 보통, 미응답, 심각하다의 순으로 나타났다. 학교폭력의 주도적인 해결자로는 당사자가 가장 많은 응답을, 학교, 미응답, 경찰, 친구의 순으로 나타났다. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of parenting behavior on school violence behavior of students of specialized high schools with experience in school violence, the impact of self-esteem on school violence behavior, the impact of parenting attitude on self-esteem, and the perception of school violence on students. A total of 122 students were subject to the study, with boys and girls from specialized high schools (101 men and 21 women) with experience in committing school violence. For measuring instruments, parents' adoptive attitudes and background information are based on Barber (1997), Kim Hae-young (2000) reconstructed and recreated based on Barber (1995), and Rosenberg (1965V s self-esteem measures were used by Lee Chun―jin and Won Ho―taek (1995),while Kim Sun-joon (1995) developed a Korean version of a school violence experience. The results of the analysis are as follows. First,after analyzing the impact of parental attitudes on school violence, it was found that the higher the self-esteem, the lower the school violence. Second, after analyzing the impact of parental attitudes on self-esteem, the higher the level of confidence among parents' attitudes, the higher the level of self-esteem. Third,after analyzing the impact of self-esteem on school violence, the results showed that self-esteem does not affect school violence. Fourth, after analyzing the perception of school violence by students with experience of committing school violence in specialized high schools,the school violence was most said to be very serious, in the order of normal,unresponsive and serious. As the leading solver of school violence, the parties responded the most,followed by schools,non-response, police and friends.

백서에서 Depulpin®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응

문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immumologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin®(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present. it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin® group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers , was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nucleli. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall. was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.

여름 캠프활동에 관한 연구 : 서울여대 부속유치원 여름 캠프활동을 중심으로

민행난;최윤선;최인경;민혜원;임양선;이윤희;이상희 서울여자대학교 1998 아동연구 Vol.3 No.-

[초록없음]

과학 교육의 의미 분석

윤선진,우종옥,김범기 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1995 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out the answer to the question as "What is the meaning of the Science Education?". Semantic analyses were done according to each situations and contexts in science, education and science education. The following result was drawn: It is concluded that science education is the practtical behavior for the human as the purpose, through the science and education as the means and methods.

Storybook을 이용한 영어활동이 4세와 6세 유아들의 영어에 대한 흥미와 어휘력에 미치는 영향

선우윤미 The English Linguistic Science Association of Kore 2000 English Linguistic Science Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this research is to verify the effects of using a storybook for English activities on 4 year old and 6 year old children's interst and vocabulary in English. The method of using a storybook, which has positive effectiveness in teaching mother tongues, can be used effectively in English. Literature is highly valued in itself yet, we can expect creations of more productive value if its good points are used for language taching. Children have a constant need for stories and they will always be willing to listen to or to read. Stories help children become aware of the general 'feel' and sound of the foreign language. I carried out this study with 10 children who were 4 years old and 6years old, and put 6 hours in experiments. When the children were led to English class through Storytelling, they could play a role of a leading character of the story. The results of the questionnaire say that the children were much interested in the way of English through Storytelling. It showed 80% of 4 year old children had more a preference for storybook more than 60% of 6 year old children. Their mother said that 4 years old children could speak some vocabulary and 6 year olds could understand the story through a teacher's storytelling, pictures and teacher's gesture, voice and facial expressions. Judging from this result, it is obvious that using Storytelling can be a good aid for teaching English. And in this way, we can provide children with more interesting study materials. Storytelling can be an effective method for encouraging English learning for children. More investigation of Storytelling may make it possible for us to define more detailed benefits of Storytelling techniques.

효소제 처리에 따른 늙은 호박의 추출 특성

윤선주,김경은,정용진 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구에서는 늙은 호박의 효소처리 조건에 따른 추출특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, pectinase에 의한 영향에서는 효소제 처리를 한 모든 구가 대조구보다 품질 특성이 우수하였으며, 특히 0.15%(w/w) pectinase 처리구의 품질특성이 가장 높게 분석되었다. 혼합 효소제 처리에서는 pectinase와 celluase의 단독 처리구에 비해 pectinase와 celluase의 혼합효소제의 추출율이 높게 나타났다. 최적 효소제 처리조건 실정을 위한 늙은 호박의 추출조건(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)에서 추출물의 수율은 pectinase와 celluase를 혼합 처리한 구(Ⅲ)에서 86.04%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 가용성 고형분 및 pH는 모든 처리구에서 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 환원당과 전당 함량은 각각 2.81, 4.60%로 나타난 효소제 혼합 처리구(Ⅲ)가 높았으며 total carotene은 pectinase 처리구가 5.36㎎%로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 모든 처리구에 대한 아질산염소거능 결과는 pH6.0을 제외한 pH 1.2, 3.0, 4.0에서 소거능이 있는 것으로 나타났고 유리 아미노산 분석에서는 총 함량이 176.85, 171.89㎎%인 Ⅲ, Ⅳ 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 높은 함량으로 분석되었으며 citrulline은 Ⅰ, Ⅳ 처리구에서는 분석되지 않았으나 ⅡⅢ 처리구에서는 1.61, 1.41㎎%로 분석되었다. 이상의 결과로 늙은 호박의 추출조건으로는 무처리구보다는 효소제를 처리한 구에서 높은 수율 및 품질의 우수성이 인증되었으며 그 중 Ⅲ 처리구인 pectinase와 cellulase(0.15:0.05, %)를 혼합하여 추출함으로써 추출율 및 품질특성이 우수한 추출물을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. In the present study, we investigated the quality characteristic of old pumpkin extract treated with enzymes. As a results, all the groups treated with pectinase were better in quality characteristic than control group and the group treated with 0.15%(w/w) pectinase was specially great. All the groups treated with simultaneous pectinase and cellulase were higher in the extraction rate than the groups treated with pectinase or cellulase. The experimental groups were divided into non-treated control(Ⅰ) and three treatment groups(Ⅱ-Ⅳ) for optimum condition of enzyme treatment. The Ⅱ and Ⅳ groups were treated with 0.15%(w/w) pectinase and 0.15%(w/w) cellulase, respectively, and Ⅲ group was treated with both 0.15%(w/w) petinase and 0.05%(w/w) cellulase. Yield for old pumpkin extract of the Ⅲ group (86.94%) was higher than that of other groups, but there were no significant difference among the groups in soluble solide content and pH of the extract. Reducing sugar and total sugar contents in the Ⅲ group were 2.81% and 4.60%, espectively. Total carotene content in the Ⅱ group (5.36㎎%) was higher than other groups. Old pumpkin extracts in all the groups showed nitrite-scavenging ability to pH 1.2, 3.0 and 4.0. Total free amino acid content in the Ⅲ group (176.7㎎%) was higher than other groups. Citrulline contents in the Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were detected 1.66 and 1.41 ㎎%, respectively but the contents in other groups were not detected.