정정렬제 최승희<춘향가> 광한루 풍경 대목의 음군(音群)과 사설 및 시김새의 상호관계에 관한 연구 - 김소희 <춘향가> 적성가 대목과의 비교 분석을 중심으로-

유선미 ( Sun Mi You ) 판소리학회 2011 판소리연구 Vol.31 No.-

판소리는 문학적인 사설과 음악적인 소리가 만나서 이루어진 우리나라 고유의 음악장르이다. 문학인 사설을 지어내려면 어떤 이야기를 지을 것인지 생각하고, 그에 맞는 주제를 찾고, 그 주제를 어떻게 풀어갈 것인지 전개방식을 선택하여 이야기를 엮어가는 것이다. 그리하여 하나하나의 단락들이 만들어지고 이어나가면서 커다란 사설이 완성되어 지는 것이다. 음악적인 소리는 주어진 사설에 음을 사용하며 선율을 만들어 나간다. 판소리에서 주어진 사설에 무슨 음을 사용하여 어떻게 엮어 음악을 만들어 가는 것인지를 살펴보는 것은 중요한 연구 과제라 생각한다. 따라서 본 연구는 판소리의 최소한의 선율을 이루는 음군과 사설 및 시김새의 상호관계를 분석하여 판소리 악보의 독창성과 즉흥성의 핵심요인을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 본고에서는 오용록이 제시한 동적(動的)음계론의 ``음군(音群)``이라는 개념을 적용하여 정정렬제 최승희<춘향가>中 ``광한루 풍경`` 대목의 한 단락에서 사용되는 ``음군(音群)``을 분석해 보았다. 더불어 이 음군들과 판소리 사설과의 상관관계, 그리고 음군과 시김새의 상관관계를 고찰하여 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론에 도달했다, 첫째, 정정렬제 최승희의 ``광한루 풍경``은 사설의 내용이 동편·북편·서편·남편의 방향 풍경을 나열하여 설명한 것으로 사설 내용은 4단락으로 구분지어 볼 수 있으나 선율음으로 보면 3단락으로 나누어진다. 제1단락(제1~5각)의 음군은 미-솔(도섭선율), 미-레, 미-솔, 레-솔이고, 제2단락(제6~8각)의 음군은 미-솔(도섭선율), 미-도이며, 제3단락(제9~14각)의 음군은 미-솔(도섭선율), 미-솔-레, 레-도, 미-라, 미-레(당겨 붙인 선율), 미-도, 도-솔(1장 종지선율)이다. 둘째, 음군은 장단의 각과는 상관없고 사설의 구절에 따라 2음이나 3음이 붙는다. 다시 말하면 사설의 1음보에 음군 하나가 붙어 최소 선율 골격을 이루고 여기에 가변음이 붙어 소리선율을 엮어간다. 음군과 가변음으로 엮어진 소리 선율음의 앞이나 뒤에 붙어서 덩어리를 이루는 시김새는 창자가 사설의 어감이나 음악적 느낌을 가락이나 표현기교로 나타내는 것이다. 이상과 같이 판소리의 음군은 사설과 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있으며 시김새 붙임에 따라 다른 창자와는 구별되는 모습을 갖게 된다. 따라서 판소리에서 음악 이야기를 엮어가는 최소선율 음군과 시김새 음군을 이해함으로써 남이 따라갈 수 없는 그 사람만의 특징을 지니는 독창적인 소리의 멋을 표현할 수 있을 것이다. Pansori is the unique genre of Korean traditional music, composed of literary lyrics and musical melodies. Composing this literary lyrics includes how to design the story, find its theme, and develop it. From these processes, as one paragraph is connected with the next paragraph. one story of Pansori can be completed. The melodies related in these lyrics are created using musical notes. Thus it is important to examine what are the notes used in the melodies and how these sounds are composed for the story. Therefore, this study aims to analyze ``Eumgun``, the minimum unit of the melodies, Sigimsae and the lyrics of Pansori. This study analyzed ``Eumgun``, the tonal group used in one paragraph of ``Kwanghan-nu scenery`` part in the Pansori <Chunhyangga> of Choi, Seung Hee Jeong, Jeong Ryeol je quoting ``Eumgun``, ``tonal group`` of dynamic scale theory called by Oh, Yong Nok. In addition, this paper focused on the interrelation between ``Eumgun``, and the lyrics, and Sigimsae of the Pansori. The followings are resulted from this study. ■ ``Kwanghan-nu scenery`` of Choi, Seung Hee Jeong, Jeong Ryeol je is composed of three Eumgun of the first <mi, sol / mi-re, mi-sol, re-sol>, the second <mi-sol, mi-do>, the third, <mi-sol, mi-sol-re, re-do, mi-la, mi-re, mi-do, do-sol> around mi as compared with the lyrics that mean the east side·the north side·the west side·the south side of Kwanghan-nu scenery. ■ The Eumgun of Pansori is constructed by 2 or 3 notes according to the passage of its lyrics regardless of the gak of Jangdan. As one Eumgun is attached to one passage of the lyrics, it comprises the minimum melody unit, and additional notes develop it. These Eumgun and additional notes organize the melody lines of the lyrics and then Sigimsae is added around them. Sigimsae is used to express the connotation of the lyrics and feel of the singer. Although Choi, Seung Hee and Kim, So Hee use same tonal group in this Pansori, they have different musical form because of using different Sigimsae. Consequently, Eumgun in Pansori is closely related with its lyrics. Although same Eumgun is used, the characteristics of singers can be distinguished according to using different Sigimsae. This paper verified that through using the different Eumgun and Sigimsae in pansori, the creativities of singers can be examined and understood.

CG실험에 의한 실내마감재의 평가 예측 모델 작성

이진숙,진은미,박유미 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the features of the finishing material according to their type and color. The purpose of this in order is to improve the pleasantness of the interior, by using the proper finishing materials, in planning the interior, and to apply it to framing the prediction model for practical use in interior design, This stud was conducted by evaluating experiment manufactured with the CG(Computer Graphics). The process of the study is as follows, 1) The finishing materials used in the interior based on the previous study was classified. The color range of the selected finishing materials was examined. 2) The evaluation experiment using the CG was conducted on the basis of the selected finishing materials. 3) With that result, the evaluation properties was analyzed according to evaluating variables(that is, the finishing material, hue, value, and chroma) for the interior image. 4) Finally, the prediction model of the interior finishing materials was framed with the image type. Through the Factor Analysis of 19 Adjectives, 8 representative image types such as 「Open·Bright」, 「Gorgeous·Strong」, 「Quiet·Natural」, 「Smooth·Elaborate」, 「Coarse·Rough」, 「Elegant·Refined, 「Warm」」 and 「Cool」 were extracted. The prediction model was framed for the 8 representative image types. The 「Open·Bright」, 「Quiet·Natural」, 「Cool」images are as follows, 1) When you want to produce the 「Open·Bright」image, it is ideal to use wallpaper as finishing material and Y or B in hues. The higher the value and middle chroma you use. The bigger 「Open·Bright」 the efficiency you achieve. 2) When you want to produce the 「Quiet·Natural」 image, it is good to use woods for finishing materials, You can get a better image with the YR or R in hues, with higher value and lower chroma. 3) When you want to produce the 「Cool」image, it is better to use stones for finishing materials. Cool colors and the hue of B, PB, BG are recommended. The lower value and chroma are effective as well.

Function of the pentose phosphate pathway and its key enzyme, transketolase, in the regulation of the meiotic cell cycle in oocytes

Kim, Yunna,Kim, Eun-Young,Seo, You-Mi,Yoon, Tae Ki,Lee, Woo-Sik,Lee, Kyung-Ah The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2012 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.39 No.2

Objective: Previously, we identified that transketolase (Tkt), an important enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is highly expressed at 2 hours of spontaneous maturation in oocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the function of Tkt in meiotic cell cycle regulation, especially at the point of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Methods: We evaluated the loss-of-function of Tkt by microinjecting Tkt double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, and the oocytes were cultured in vitro to evaluate phenotypic changes during oocyte maturation. In addition to maturation rates, meiotic spindle and chromosome rearrangements, and changes in expression of other enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway were determined after Tkt RNA interference (RNAi). Results: Despite the complete and specific knockdown of Tkt expression, GVBD occurred and meiosis was arrested at the metaphase I (MI) stage. The arrested oocytes exhibited spindle loss, chromosomal aggregation, and declined maturation promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. The modified expression of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, Prps1 and Rbks, after Tkt RNAi and decreased maturation rates were amended when ribose-5-phosphate was supplemented in the culture medium, suggesting that the Tkt and pentose phosphate pathway are important for the maturation process. Conclusion: We concluded that Tkt and its associated pentose phosphate pathway play an important role in the MI-MII transition of the oocytes' meiotic cell cycle, but not in the process of GVBD.

준거기준에 따른 노인가계 자산유형별 투자 평균액 비교에 관한 연구

유우정,배미경 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2006 科學論集 Vol.32 No.-

Lifestyle of household economy altered social problem by graying is appearing equally in large majority advanced nation and occasion of our country are marched industrialization and urbanization by economy society's development and trend toward the nuclear family was enlarged. Because private countermeasure about old age has been children or relative step but children's parents support consciousness will be dwindled more and more and trend toward the nuclear family may be accelerated, necessity of aforethought and voluntary old age preparation may great more forward. Study finding is as following. Result that compare average by property by frame of reference satisfaction availability, exposes that secure financial asset affects to household surplus index, emergency fund index, risk protection index, propensity to save index, liquidity index, debt burden index of debt/financial assets, debt/total assets, propensity to invest index of investment assets/total assets and was expose that risky financial asset does not influence monthly debt and Other tangible assets excluding housing equity that influenced to household surplus index, emergency fund index, risk protection index, propensity to save index, liquidity index, propensity to invest index of real assets/total assets conclusion come out.

교실영어 활용을 통한 영어과 교수-학습 방법에 관한 연구

유정숙,Busbee, E.,김미영,이복자,최종훈,한일석 전주대학교 교육문제연구소 2000 敎育論叢 Vol.15 No.-

TPA로 야기된 HL-60 세포의 기질부착에 대한 Asadisulphide의 억제효과

유관희,박미아,김선희,안병준 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.3

항암제로 사용되어 온 아위를 사용하여 극성에 따른 용매추출 분획을 얻고 TPA로 처리된 HL-60 세포를 사용하여 기질부착 억제실험을 수행한 결과, ethyl acetate (EA)층에서 가장 강한 부착억제효과가 있음을 알아 내었기에 ethyl acetate (EA)층을 다시 ethyl acetate (EA), hexane(HEX), ethyl ether (EE)로 추출한 뒤 3회 chromatography하여 아위 순수활성물질인 asadisulphide를 분리해 내었다. 이 순수활성물질을 가지고 HL-60 암세포에 대한 부착 억제실험을 수행한 결과 asadisulphide는 최소농도 2 ㎍/ml에서 HL-60 세포의 부착을 98%억제하였다. 또한 assdisulphide는 HL-60 세포에 대해 ED50값은 2.6 ㎍/ml이었으며, 20 ㎍/ml 농도 이하에서 세포독성이 없고 항암효과가 있다는 사실을 규명하였다. Asadisulphide were purified from Ferrula assafoetida by organic solvent extraction and chromatography. Its inhibitory effects on the TPA-induced adherence of HL-60 cells was analyzed. Since ethyl acetate extracts of F. assafoetida has the strongest inhibitory effect on adherence of HL-60 cells, it was reextracted with ethyl acetate, hexane, and ethyl ether and chromatographed three times to isolate asadisulphide. At the minimum concentration of 2㎍/ml, asadisulphide inhibited adherence of 98% of HL-60 cells that have been treated with TPA. It also showed anti-cancer effect with no cytotoxity in the ED50 value of 20㎍/ml.

여자 테니스 선수의 양손 백핸드 스트로크 동작시 상지의 근전도 분석

유국종,서국웅,윤양진,이훈식,정미라,서국은 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This study analzed AEMG, muscle activity duration time, peak value and work load of six high school student players, three college student players, three business team players in order to analyze Arm's EMG when they play games with two-handed backhand stroke. The instruments of measuring EMG are muscle tester ME3000p. And measured parts of muscle are the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis of body left and right arm. The following is the result according to the analysis of raw data and statistics. 1. The AEMG of trained group was higher than the untrained. In both groups AEMG of right arm was higher than left one. And AEMG of forearm was higher than upperarm. The order of high AEMG among the trained is as followed ; right biceps brachii, left brachii, right brachioradialis. Among the untrained ; right brachioradialis, left brachioradialis, biceps brachii. 2. The muscle activity duration time of the trained group was totally shorter than the untrained. In both groups muscle activity duration time of the right arm was shorter than the left one. As to trained muscle activity duration time of upperarm is shorter than the forearm. Contrarily, as to untrained muscle activity duration time forearm is shorter than the upperarm. The order of short muscle activity duration time among the trained is as followed ; right biceps brachii, triceps brachii, left flexor carpi radialis. 3. The peak value of trained group was higher than the untrained. In body groups peak value of the right arm was higher than the left one. As to the trained the peak of the upperarm is higher than the forearm. Contrarily, as to the untrained, the peak value of the forearm was higher the upperarm. The order of high peak value among the trained is as followed ; right biceps brachii, left biceps brachii, right brachioradialis. Among the untrained, right brachioradialis, left biceps brachii, brachioradialis.

보호시설 아동과 일반가정 아동의 성격특성의 비교 : MMPI 검사를 통해서 Through the MMPI Personality Test

유미숙 淑明女子大學校 兒童硏究所 兒童福祉學科 1980 兒童硏究 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose and Hypotheses - The purpose of the present study is to compare the personality of children living in orphanages with those of children living in parental homes. In order to carry out study, following Hypotheses are established. Hypotheses 1; There is a significant difference between personalities of boys who live in orphanages and those living in parental home. Hypotheses 2; There is a significant difference between personalities of girls who lives in orphanages and those living parental home. Methods - The subjects of this study were 169 sixth graders chosen randomly from H Primary School and 6 orphanages in Seoul Area. Specifically 85 children living in orphanages, and 84 children living in parental homes. The instrument used for the study was Simple MMPI Personality Test constructed by Korean Testing Center. The t-technique was applied for analyzing the data. Results- The results of the study are as follows; (Table 1: Difference in personality between boys living in orphanages and homes) 보호시설 아동과 일반가정 아동의 성격특성의 비교, (Table 2: Difference in personality between girls living in orphanages and homes,)◁표 원문 참조▷ As shown in the above tables ; 1. The differences in Hypomania Scale, Psychasthnia Scale and Schizophrenia Scale are significant between boys living in orphanages and thos living in parental homes. 2. The differences in Psychopathic deviate Scale, and Schizophrenia Scale are significant between girls living in orphanages and those living in parental homes.

수종 교정용 접착제의 전단 접착강도 비교

유미희,황충주 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Bonding of brackets is one of the essential factors for successful orthodontic treatment, so bond strength of orthodontic adhesives are very important. The purposes of this research were to compare shear bond strength of various orthodontic adhesives and to evaluate failure sites. One-hundred twenty extracted human first premolars were prepared for bonding and premolar brackets were bonded to prepared enamel surfaces with super C Ortho, Mono-Lok², Transbond, and Super C Ortho after applying Fluorobond. After bonding of brackets, teeth specimens were divided into 3 groups. In group I specimens were stored at humidor 37℃ in 1 hours, in group 2 specimens were stored at humidor 37℃ in 24 times, thermocycled 10 times and in group 3 specimens were stored at humidor 37℃ in 24 hours, thermocycled 1800 times. Then the universal testing machine Instron 6022, Instron Co., U.S.A. was used to test the shear bond strength of brackets to enamel. After debonding, brackets and enamel surfaces were examined under stereoscopic microscope to determine the failure sites. The results were as follows: 1. Shear bond strength was significantly highest of using Super C Ortho after applying Fluorobond and Super C Ortho In group 1, was highest of using super C Ortho in group 2, and was highest of using Mono-Lok²in group 3. 2. According to time and temperature change, in using Super C Ortho the group 2 had significantly highest strength and group 3 had lowest strength, than group 1 and in using Super C Ortho after applying Fluorobond shear bond strength decreased constantly. 3. The failure sites were tooth-resin interface in Super C Ortho after applying Fluorobond, Mono Lok²and Transbond and were at almost same ratio bracket base-resin interface and tooth-resin interface in Super C Orth.

급성 구강감염부위에서 Staphylococcus lugunensis 의 특성

유용욱,이미성,차정단,김기경,신상희,문상은,김강주 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1999 생명공학연구소보 Vol.6 No.1

Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) is a newly identified pathogenic species of coagulase negative staphylococci and an occasional but not rare cause of severe infections, such as infective endocarditis after dental extraction, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and soft tissue infections. As antibiotic use increased, resistance rapidly developed. Some strains have plasmids related to antibiotic resistance. To characterize S. lugdunensis in acute oral infection, S. lugdunensis was isolated from the patients with acute oral abscess, osteomyelitis, and normal persons. Antibiotic resistance, in vitro cellular toxicity, in vivo virulence, δ-like hemolysin activity, and synergistic hemolysis on sheep blood agar plates were investigated. The dot blot analysis and Southern blot analysis of staphylococcal DNA was performed with δ-hemolysin gene probe of Staphylococcus aureus. (S. aureus) Staphylococcal DNA was cloned, nucleotide sequence was analysed, and homology was compared with other sequence in Gene Bank. S. aureus, S. lugdunensis, Staphylococcus cohnii (S. cohnii), and other coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from the patients with acute oral infection. The isolation ratio of S. lugdunensis in the patients with infection was higher than that of healthy persons, but the isolation ratio of S. aureus in the patients with infection was similar to that of healthy persons. S. lugdunensis from the patients with acute oral infection showed the resistance to penicillin, methicillin, cephalothin, and clindamycin. S. lugdunensis in the patients had cellular toxicity in vitro and virulence in vivo. All strains of S. lugdunensis had δ-like hemolysin activity against rabbit erythrocytes. Four of the six strains of S. lugdunensis gave synergistic hemolysis with S. aureus on sheep blood agar plates. In dot blot analysis, all strains of S. lugdunensis showed the positive reaction with the probe of δ-hemolysin gene in S. aureus, but a 7.3 kb HindⅢ fragment was observed in the DNA of S. lugdunensis that gave synergistic hemolysis in a Southern blot analysis. The molecular size of partially purified δ-hemolysin was about 50 kd. The cloned fragments from the chromosomal DNA of S. lugdunensis showed the partial homology with the insulin receptor-related and dopamine receptor of humans. These results suggest that S. lugdunensis might be an important pathogen in acute oral infection and show some homology with eukaryotes.