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An era of single-cell genomics consortia
Yoshinari Ando,Andrew Tae-Jun Kwon,Jay W. Shin 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-
The human body consists of 37 trillion single cells represented by over 50 organs that are stitched together to make us who we are, yet we still have very little understanding about the basic units of our body: what cell types and states make up our organs both compositionally and spatially. Previous efforts to profile a wide range of human cell types have been attempted by the FANTOM and GTEx consortia. Now, with the advancement in genomic technologies, profiling the human body at single-cell resolution is possible and will generate an unprecedented wealth of data that will accelerate basic and clinical research with tangible applications to future medicine. To date, several major organs have been profiled, but the challenges lie in ways to integrate single-cell genomics data in a meaningful way. In recent years, several consortia have begun to introduce harmonization and equity in data collection and analysis. Herein, we introduce existing and nascent single-cell genomics consortia, and present benefits to necessitate single-cell genomic consortia in a regional environment to achieve the universal human cell reference dataset.
Field Scene Recognition for Navigating Autonomous Agricultural Vehicle
( Yoshinari Morio ),( Yuta Sawada ),( Masataka Shioji ),( Motoki Tanaka ),( Katsusuke Murakami ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
In this study, four agricultural vehicle navigation systems, namely, two different types of vehicle position estimation systems for self-localization of an autonomous agricultural vehicle, an obstacle detection system for safety self-driving, and an agricultural key-objects recognition system for intelligent worker assistance, were developed by using image processing system without using GNSS and LiDAR. Firstly, in the two types of vehicle position estimation systems, the position of a vehicle could be estimated by matching an input field scene image to the training scene images captured along each of targeted traveling routes. The scene images were captured by using a three-camera-type of capture system with left camera, front camera, and right camera. Secondly, in the obstacle detection system, obstacles on a road, ditches along a road, and the level difference between a traveling road and a farm field were detected by using the stereo camera built with two web camera. The obstacles, ditches, and the level difference were recognized by in real time estimating 3D ground plane. Finally, in the agricultural key-objects recognition system, key-object types(workers, trucks, containers, agricultural machines) and key-posture types(standing, squat, stoop, sitting), key-worker-direction types (front, back, left, right), and container contents amount could be recognized by using deep learning based system of YOLO. The experimental results demonstrated the potential of our systems for navigating an autonomous vehicle in agricultural fields.
Trigonelline Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Orie Yoshinari,Asako Takenake,Kiharu Igarashi 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.1
Previously, we showed that trigonelline (TRG) exerts antidiabetic effects in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and also lowers blood and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine when compared with those levels in GK control rats without TRG. These results suggested that TRG also mitigates oxidative stress, which accelerates diabetes. In this study, the mechanisms of TRG prevention of oxidative stress were determined by measuring erythrocyte and liver antioxidant enzyme activities, and expressions of genes associated with reactive oxygen species production, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms by DNA microarray. Erythrocyte and liver glutathione peroxidase, and liver catalase activities in the GK rats fed with TRG were significantly lower than those of the GK control rats. TRG downregulated the gene expressions involved with NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial electron transfer system when compared with those of the GK control group. These results suggested that mitigation of diabetes by TRG is mediated by its ameliorating effects on oxidative stress.
Water-Soluble Undenatured Type II Collagen Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice
Orie Yoshinari,Yoshiaki Shiojima,Hiroyoshi Moriyama,Junichi Shinozaki,Takahisa Nakane,Kazuo Masuda,Manashi Bagchi 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.11
Earlier studies have reported the efficacy of type II collagen (C II) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a few studies have investigated the ability of the antigenic collagen to induce oral tolerance, which is defined as active nonresponse to an orally administered antigen. We hypothesized that water-soluble undenatured C II had a similar effect as C II in RA. The present study was designed to examine the oral administration of a novel, water-soluble, undenatured C II (commercially known as NEXT-II) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. In addition, the underlying mechanism of NEXT-II was also identified. After a booster dose (collagen-Freund’s complete adjuvant), mice were assigned to control CIA group, or NEXT-II treatment group, to which saline and NEXT-II were administered, respectively. The arthritis index in the NEXT-II group was significantly lower compared with the CIA group. Serum IL-6 levels in the NEXT-II group were significantly lower compared with the CIA group, while serum IL-2 level was higher. Furthermore, oral administration of NEXT-II enhanced the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + T (Treg) cells, and gene expressions of stimulated dendritic cells induced markers for regulatory T cells such as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1, and CD25. These results demonstrated that orally administered water-soluble undenatured C II (NEXT-II) is highly efficacious in the suppression of CIA by inducing CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells.